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Linux ProgrammingInstructor name: Mr. N. RajeshCOURSE CODE : 13-OE-421YEAR OF OFFERING THE COURSE : III/IV B.TECHSEMESTER OF OFFERING THE COURSE : I-SEMESTERACADEMIC YEAR : 2015-16 Course objectiveTo provide the knowledge and skills to make effective use of a wide range of standard Linux programming and development tools.Course RationaleThe purpose of learning this course is Sustainable for most programming languages and appropriate for large range coding applications and consistent workhorse for embedded Systems.

Linux programming is applicable to absorb as system and application programmers, testers, configuration managers, and future system administrators in the industryUpon a successful completion of the course Linux Programming, the students will be able to

CO-1: Describe and understand the fundamental LINUX operating system and utilities.

CO-2: Apply shell scripts in order to perform basic shell Programming and analyze the Linux file system

CO-3:Analyze the process concepts and create applications using various IPC mechanisms COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)Course Outcome NumberCOI-1COI-2CO-1Understand various utilities in the Linux environmentUnderstand by practicing the concepts like Sed and Awk .CO-2Apply shell scripts in order to perform basic shell Programming Analyze File system, file and record locking File and Directory file APIS, Symbolic links and hard linksCO-3Understand and Analyze the Process conceptAnalyze the signals and Create an application using IPC mechanismsCOURSE OUTCOME INDICATORS (COIs): S. NoCourse OutcomeProgram OutcomeBlooms Taxonomy level of mapping*Course Outcome IndicatorsTeaching-Learning MethodsEvaluation Patterns1CO -1A,ELevel-1Level-1 COI-1COI-2Lecture,PPTQuizPracticing commandsTest-12CO-2KLevel-2COI-1COI-2Lecture,PPTQuizPracticing shell scriptsTest-23CO-3E,KLevel-2Level-3COI-1COI-2Lecture,PPTQuizDevelop applicationsTest-3MAPPING OF COURSE OUTCOMES TO PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND COIs TO TEACHING-LEARNING-EVALUATION PLANCourse Delivery planSESSION NumberTopic 1/COI-1Topic 2/COI-2Session 1 Introduction to the courseCourse Outcomes Introduction to Linux OSSession 2 File handling utilities- Ls,cp,mvFile handling utilities- mkdir,rmdir,rmFile handling utilities-examplesSession 3 Security by file permissions chmod-absoluteSecurity by file permissions chmod-relativeUmask-commandSession 4 Text processing utilities-cat,head,tailText processing utilities -sort,uniq,nlText processing utilities-wc,teeSession 5 Text processing utilities-cmp,comm.,diffText processing utilities-cut ,paste,joinText processing utilities-tr,grep,egrepSession 6 Process utilities-Ps,who commandsProcess utilities-w,finger commandsDisk utilities-df,du commandsSession 7 Disk utilities-mount,umount commandsBackup utilities-tarBackup utilities-cpioCourse Delivery planSESSION NumberTopic 1/COI-1Topic 2/COI-2Session 8 Sed scriptsSed operationsSed addressesSession 9 Sed-commandslineno,modify,substitutetransform,branch,files and hold space commands of sedDeletion of lines & text using sedSession 10 awk scripts,Awk operationsawk patternsSession 11AWK built in variablesAWK arrays, Associative arraysBuilt in functions performing both arithmetic & String operationsCourse Delivery planSESSION NumberTopic 1/COI-1Topic 2/COI-2Session 12 Introduction to BASHEcho ,read,expr,eval, export commandsOperators used in shell scriptsSession 13 File substitution, process execution meta charactersI/O redirection, quoting meta charactersPositional and special meta charactersSession 14Control structures Session 15 Control structuresSession 16 FunctionsInterrupt processingdebugging shell scripts, Here documentsCourse Delivery planSESSION NumberTopic 1/COI-1Topic 2/COI-2Session 17 Files : file Concept , File System StructureI nodes, File AttributesFile typesSession 18 Library functions ,standard and formatted I/OSession 19 low level file access File structure related system callsSession 20 file and record locking FileSession 21directory management-Directory fileSymbolic links and hard linksCourse Delivery planSESSION NumberTopic 1/COI-1Topic 2/COI-2Session 22Process concept, Kernel support for process,Creation of new processSession 23 waiting for a process, Process termination,Zombie process,orphan processSession 24Introduction to signals, signal generation and handling,signal function & examplesSession 25Kill ,raise functionsabort Alarm functionsSleep ,pause functionSession 26 Introduction to IPC,pipesSession 27FifosMessage queuesSession 28SemaphoresShared memoryLinux historyLinux is a modern, Open Source operating system based on UNIX standardsFirst developed as a small but self-contained kernel in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, with the major design goal of UNIX compatibilityIts history has been one of collaboration by many users from all around the world, corresponding almost exclusively over the Internet. (University of Helsinki)Now it is overseen by Open Source Development Labs(OSDL).

Linux kernelVersion 0.01 (May 1991) had no networking, ran only on 80386-compatible Intel processors and on PC hardware, had extremely limited device-drive support, and supported only the Minix file system

Linux 1.0 (March 1994) included these new features:Support for UNIXs standard TCP/IP networking protocolsBSD-compatible socket interface for network programming (Berkeley Software Distribution)Device-driver support for running IP over an EthernetEnhanced file systemSupport for a range of SCSI controllers for high-performance disk accessExtra hardware support

Version 1.2 (March 1995) was the final PC-only Linux kernel

Linux kernelReleased in June 1996, 2.0 added two major new capabilities:Support for multiple architectures, including a fully 64-bit native Alpha portSupport for multiprocessor architectures2.4 and 2.6 increased SMP support, added journaling file system, preemptive kernel, 64-bit memory support

Linux OS structure

Linux OS structureHardware layer - Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc).Kernel - Core component of Operating System, interacts directly with hardware, provides low level services to upper layer components. Shell - An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of kernel's functions from users. Takes commands from user and executes kernel's functions.Utilities Utility programs giving user most of the functionalities of an operating systems.

What is Linux?Why do we go for it?What is Linux?It is an open source Operating System which is inherited from UNIX.

What do you mean by OPEN SOURCE ? Why do we go for it?With the following features:PortableMultiuserMultitaskingNetworkingOrganized file systemDevice independencyUtilitiesSecurityLinux DistributionsRed hatFedoraCentosSUSEDebianUbuntuTurbo LinuxMandrivaMandrock

Features of Linux osPortable - Portability means software's can works on different types of hardware in same way. Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform.Open Source - Linux source code is freely available and it is community based development project. Multiple teams works in collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving. Multi-User - Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system resources like memory/ ram/ application programs at same time.Multiprogramming - Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at the same time.Hierarchical File System - Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files are arranged.Shell - Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs etc.Security - Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.

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