BAB XI. KATADAN IDIOM

CHAPTER XI.VERB AND IDIOM

Cara Mudah Menulis dan Menerjemahkan130Hapsa et StudiaThe Institute of English Translation

XI. KATA KERJA FRASA DAN IDIOMXI. PHRASAL VERB AND IDIOM

Banyak orang yang menganggap bahwa 'frasa kata kerja' adalah 'idiom', padahal keduanya berbeda, meskipun ada juga kesamaannya. Hal ini karena kebanyakan 'frasa kata kerja' digunakan dalam 'idiom'. Many people think that 'phrasal verb' is 'idiom', whereas they are different, despite some similarities. The reason is, as many 'phrasal verbs' are commonly used in 'idioms'.

XI. 1. Frasa Kata Kerja

Frasa kata kerja adalah kata majemuk yang memiliki kombinasi sebuah kata kerja ditambah sebuah preposisi atau adverb (Verb + Preposition/Adverb), dengan demikian setiap kata baru yang dibentuknya akan memiliki arti yang berbeda-beda dan bahkan kadang-kadang berubah dari kata aslinya, contoh : XI. 1. Phrasal Verb

Phrasal verb is a compound word composed by an ordinary verb plus a preposition or an adverb (Verb + Preposition / Adverb), after which, each of the new compound words will have different meaning, diverging one from the others and even sometimes from the original verb :

1.Verb+Preposition:look for, look after, go in front etc.

go on, go by, hang on, hang over etc.

stand for, stand by, stand out, etc.2.Verb+Adverb:hang around, hang back, set back, etc.

look up, go away, take aback, take away, etc.

Perhatikan kata baru yang terbentuk di atas, misalnya, kata 'look' sebelumnya memiliki arti 'melihat', namun kata baru yang terbentuk 'look for' memiliki arti 'mencari', kata 'look up' = 'menghormati', dan kata 'look after' = 'menjaga'/'memelihara'. Demikian juga kata 'take' yang memiliki arti 'mengambil', tetapi kata 'take off' memiliki arti 'meninggalkan tempat'; 'take aback' = 'tertegun'; 'take away' = 'kabur'. Kata 'stand' memiliki arti 'berdiri' atau 'tahan', namun kata 'stand for' = 'berarti'; 'stand by' = 'menunggu'; 'stand out' = 'terlihat jelas'. See the newly-modified words, for examples the bare word 'look' first it means 'see' but the newly modified word 'look for' means 'search', 'look up' =' appreciate/upward', and 'look after' = 'take care of'. Similarly, word 'take', first it means 'pick' but 'take off' = 'leave a place', 'take aback' = 'astonished'; 'take away' = 'go away'. Word 'stand', first it means 'take position' or 'abide', but 'stand for' = mean; 'stand by' = 'be in a place'; ' stand out' = 'seen easily'.

Untuk kata yang diikuti oleh adverb juga hampir sama prosesnya: 'hang around' = 'nongkrong'; 'hang back' = 'ragu-ragu'; 'go away' = 'menjauh'; 'go by' = 'berlalu'.

Dalam menggunakan phrasal verbs, obyek dari kalimat biasanya diletakkan di antara kata kerja dasar dengan preposisi atau adverb yang mengikutinya, meskipun tidak mutlak. Berikut ini adalah beberapa phrasal verb hanya untuk contoh saja. Any words using adverb is also treated the same: 'hang around' = 'be in a place'; 'hang back' = 'hesitate'; 'go away' = 'move away'; 'go by' = 'elapse'.

In treating phrasal verb, the object of sentence is normally inserted between the ordinary verb and the following preposition or adverb, although not absolutely. Some phrasal verbs are provided here below simply to be the examples.

131 Cara Mudah Menulis dan MenerjemahkanBab XI. Kata Kerja Frasa dan Idiom

Account for (= memberi alasan yang memuaskan, mengerti, tahan):

You must account for the money you spent to the company

I can't account for his cruel treatment like that

Allow for (= memperhitungkan / memperkirakan) :

I can drive fast, but it's lebaran day now, so we have to allow for busy street on our way home

Answer back (= balik bertanya) :

-Don't answer me back before you understand my question?

Ask after (= menanyakan berita tentang) :

-When I visited our campus yesterday, Mr. Rachmat asked after student's activities now

Ask for = (meminta sesuatu kepada) :

Go to the secretariat of Hapsa Kencana right now and ask for the card member to Mrs. Nining!

Ask in = (mengajak / mengundang untuk masuk) : - When I passed by his house, he asked me in.

Ask out = (mengajak/mengundang untuk keluar):

He always asks me out to have lunch, except when his mother cooks such a special dishes at home

Back away = (mundur teratur) :-Once he took a gun, then everyone backed away nervously

Back out (= menarik / membatalkan) :-He agreed to help, but then backed out when he knew that it was a big lie

Back up (= melindungi / mendukung)-A good leader never backs up his subordinates when they are guilty

Be (To Be : am, is, are, was, were)Be against (= menentang / menolak) :

I'm against to do it before everything is clear

She was against taking fat food to eat in the party last night as she has to follow a diet progam

Be away/out (= tidak ada di tempat untuk waktu yang agak lama)

Sorry for not being able to attend your party, because I was away from Bogor for a two-day seminar in Surabaya

Be back (= kembali / kebalikan dari be away)

- I heard Mr Rachmat is out. When will he be back, then?

Be in favour (= bersedia dengan senang hati)

-We are in favor of voting for him as the chairman in the next election

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