11.(NEW)PGR management to Variety Development at RDA

2015. 9. 3

National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science

Ⅰ. Introduction

Ⅱ. Current status of PGR ManagementⅡ. Current status of PGR Management

Ⅲ. Further Approaches

Ⅰ. Introduction



Plant Genetic Resources Ⅰ. Introduction

Plant Genetic Resources: Genetic material of plant origin of actual or potential value( ITPGRFA)

Genetic Material : Any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity

Biological Resources : Genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity

Biological Diversity : Variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystem and the ecological complexes of which they are part

Plant Genetic Resources: Genetic material of plant origin of actual or potential value( ITPGRFA)

Genetic Material : Any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity

Biological Resources : Genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity

Biological Diversity : Variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystem and the ecological complexes of which they are part

Genetic material

Biological resources

Biological diversity

TK

Genetic resources

<ABS Guidebook. 2009. Ministry of Environment>

Source: ‘Dimensions of Need: An atlas of food and agriculture’. FAO, 1995.

No of Crops- 2,200sp, The 12 crops, wheat, rice, maize, barley, soybean, potato, oat, millet, sorghum, sugarcane, sweet potato, cassava, provide more than 75% of the food.

Global effort to sustainable use of PGR Ⅰ. Introduction

} International organizations & agreements

- Bioversity International: Succeed IBPGR(International Board for Plant Genetic Resources which was established for emergency collection and long-term conservation)

- International Agricultural Research Centers & : CIMMYT(Maize, wheat, barley), IRRI(rice), CIP(Roots, Tubers and Bananas), ICARDA(Dryland cereals), CIFOR(Trees), AVRDC(Vegetables)

- Agreements : UPOV(The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, 1961~1998), CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992~1993), ITPGRFA(International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 2001~2004), Nagoya Protocol (2010~2014)

San-ga-yo-rok(1449yrs) Sik-ryo-chan-yo(1460) Nong-ga-seol(1590yrs) Wi-bin-myoung-nong-ga(1618) Nong-ga-weol-ryoung(1619) Nong-ga-jip-sung(1655) Saek–gyoung(1676) San-rim-gyoung-je1(1715) Jeung-bo-san-rim-gyoung-je1(1766) Jeung-bo-san-rim-gyoung-je2(1766)Jeung-bo-san-rim-gyoung-je3(1766) Hae-dong-nong-seo1(1798yrs) Hae-dong-nong-seo2(1798yrs)Nong-jung-seo(19c the first) Nong-jeong-hoe-yo1(1830yrs) Nong-jeong-hoe-yo2(1830yrs) Nong-jeong-hoe-yo3(1830yrs) Nong-jeong-sin-pyeon(1885) etc.

Leafy vegetables(31)- mustard, lettuce, chinese cabbage, welsh onion. Spinach, wild garlic, chives, garlic, fern,

amaranthus, mugwort, water parsely, shepherd’s purse etc.

Fruits(66)- Grains : common bean, oat, proso millet, sorghum, millet, rice, barley, sesame, soybean, perilla, rentil, safflower, red bean, cowpea, broad bean, sunflower, job’s tear, mung bean, pea, wheat etc.

- Vegetables : egg plant, water melon, cucumber, pumpkin, oriental melon, gourd, chili pepper

- Fruits : jujube, chestnut, persimmon, pear, apple, crab apple, wile pear, plums, apricot, grape, wild grape, peach, ginkgo, raspberry, loquat, oak, pomegranate, nut pine, walnut etc.

Roots & tubes(14) - potato, sweet potato, elephant food, carrot, radish, ginger, lotus, deodeok, ballon flower, yam, taro,

turnip, burdock etc.

Others(229) medicinal(145), Industrial(7) others(40), fishes(19), meats(25)

Ancient documents identified 347 kinds of materials

Genetic Resources on Ancient Documents Korea Ⅰ. Introduction

Leafy vegetables(31)- mustard, lettuce, chinese cabbage, welsh onion. Spinach, wild garlic, chives, garlic, fern,

amaranthus, mugwort, water parsely, shepherd’s purse etc.

Fruits(66)- Grains : common bean, oat, proso millet, sorghum, millet, rice, barley, sesame, soybean, perilla, rentil, safflower, red bean, cowpea, broad bean, sunflower, job’s tear, mung bean, pea, wheat etc.

- Vegetables : egg plant, water melon, cucumber, pumpkin, oriental melon, gourd, chili pepper

- Fruits : jujube, chestnut, persimmon, pear, apple, crab apple, wile pear, plums, apricot, grape, wild grape, peach, ginkgo, raspberry, loquat, oak, pomegranate, nut pine, walnut etc.

Roots & tubes(14) - potato, sweet potato, elephant food, carrot, radish, ginger, lotus, deodeok, ballon flower, yam, taro,

turnip, burdock etc.

Others(229) medicinal(145), Industrial(7) others(40), fishes(19), meats(25)

NAC, Suwon, 2006 NAC, Jenju, 2014Genebank(1987)

National Agrobiodiversity Center(NAC), RDA

l 1962 Open‘Rural Development Administration‘, Promote to development of crop variety

l 1974 Enacting‘Seed Management Regulation'(RDA)

l 2008 ‘Law on Conservation, Management and Use of Agricultural & Fishery Genetic Resources'

(Initiate National Management System of Agricultural Genetic Resources)

Ⅰ. Introduction

1974 1987 19911991 20082008 20122012 2017

종자관리실(1명)보존 개시

종자은행(2명)기본 관리시설 확보

유전자원과(20명)체계적 관리 시작

2022

세계 최고 수준농업유전자원관리 및 활용

• 영양체 초저온 보존• DNA 및 추출물 뱅크• 서비스 선진화(정보, 분양)

농업유전자원센터(36명)양적→ 질적 전환기

3만8만

11만16만

20만

27만35만

1974 1987 1991 2008 2012 2017

Genetic ResourcesDivision

2022

• World class PGR management

• good collection• cryopresrvation• DNA & extracts for easy assess• user friendly info. & material service

Quantitative growth →Qualitative growth

38

1116

20

2730

National AgrobiodiversityCenter

10,000 accessions

l 1962 Open‘Rural Development Administration‘, Promote to development of crop variety

l 1974 Enacting‘Seed Management Regulation'(RDA)

l 2008 ‘Law on Conservation, Management and Use of Agricultural & Fishery Genetic Resources'

(Initiate National Management System of Agricultural Genetic Resources)

Laws on Genetic Resources

Authorities Law

M. of Science, ICT and Future Planning

Securing, Management and Use of Life Research Resources

M. of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Conservation, Management and Use of Agricultural & Fishery Genetic Resources

M. of Environment Protection and Management of Wild life

Ⅰ. Introduction

M. of Environment Protection and Management of Wild life

M. of Oceans and Fishery

Securing, Management and Use of Marine and FisheryResourcesMarine Life Resources Management

M. of Food and Drug Safety

Bio-ethics & Safety, Management of Laboratory Animals

National Management System of Agricultural Genetic Resources

Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

National

Academy of

Agricultural

Science

Sub-banks

Exploration, collection, conservation, assessment ofcrop, microbes, insects and animal genetic resources

plant, microbes, insects

Delegation Responsibility Sub-banks

Ⅰ. Introduction

Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

RDANational

Institute of

Animal

Science

Sun-banks

Korea Forest Service

Developing basic plan & policy

animalbeef, pork, chicken, germs

Exploration, collection, conservation, assessment offorest and tree resources

Facilities Expect Material Condition Capacity Location

Mid-term chamber

30yrs seed 4℃, RH 30% 500,000 Jeon-ju, Su-won

Long-term chamber

100yrs seed -18℃, RH 40% 500,000 Jeon-ju, Su-won

Tanks &freezer

Semi-permanent

Vegetativeclone

-196℃ (Liquid nitrogen)

300,000 Su-won

Ex-situ conservation facilities Ⅰ. Introduction

Tanks &freezer

Semi-permanent

DNA -70℃(Deep freezer) 100,000 Jeon-ju

Mid-term(4oC) long-term(-18oC) Cryo-tanks(-196oC) Deep freezer(-70oC)

Sub-Banks of RDA

98 Sub-Banks hold 117,066 accs.(2014)- Seeds 36, Clone 40. Microorganism 9, Livestock 11, Insect 2

Vegetative clone

NICS : IndustrialNIHHS : Fruits, Ornamentals Chungbuk : Grape

Gyeonggi : Cactusgangwon : Wild Vegetables

Alpine : Potato

Seeds, MicroorganismSeoul Univ. : Bacteria, Rice, PepperKorea Univ. : Fungus, Wheat, HerbSeoul Women’s Univ. : VirusKunkuk Univ. : RiceDonkuk Univ. : Industrial

Incheon Univ : MushroomMyung Univ. : Bacteria

Gangwon Univ. : Lilium etc.SinLim : GrainKPRI : Amaranth

Ⅰ. Introduction

Apple RS : Apple

NICS : Pinellia

NICS : Peony

Gyeongnam : Chrysanthemum

Pear RS : Pear

NICS : Cotton, Onion, Garlic, Flax

NIHHS : Mandarin

Chungnam : Strawberry

Jeonbuk : Industrial

Jeonnam : Tea, Industrial

Gyeongbuk : Persimon

Jeju : Orchid, Mandarin

Jungang : CucurbitaDankuk Univ. : Rice

Gyeongsang Univ. : Beans, Barly

Chungbuk Univ. : Beans

Kyungbuk Univ. : Pepper etc.

Jeonnam Univ. : Wild beans

Jeonbuk Univ, : Barly

Gongju Univ. : Rice, PlumChungnam Univ. : Maize etc.Mokwon Univ. : BacteriaKIST : Bacteria

Ⅰ. Introduction



Ⅱ. Current status of PGR managementSecuring diversity

Wild species Land racesDeveloped varieties

Transformation

Genetic diversity of population

Genetic diversity of one accession

Economic value of one accession

Future access

PGR acquisition(plant)

yearsNo. of accessions by crops

Total

Food Hort. Indust. Others clone

2007 1,057 265 66 1 1,389

2008 1,127 301 154 5 367 1,954

2009 3,039 403 43 970 4,455

2010 4,319 704 507 6 4,876 10,412

Ⅱ. Current status of PGR management

2010 4,319 704 507 6 4,876 10,412

2011 5,458 1,847 476 133 4,476 12,390

2012 5,753 2,744 283 16 5,384 14,180

2013 7,150 1,751 975 1,964 11,840

2014 6,974 2,263 763 4,737 14,737

계 34,877 10,278 3,267 161 22,774 71,357 Committee for registration

Conservation status of PGR

Plant seed : 1617 species, 201,889 accessions

Crops used No of species No. of accessions Composition(%)

Food 269 151,096 74.8

Horticulture 533 25,359 12.6

Industrial 352 21,826 10.8

Forage & others 463 3,608 1.8

Total 1,617 201,889 100


Total 1,617 201,889 100

Fruit trees Vegetables Ornamentals Others※ Total

RDA(4) 5,926 2,229 2,124 5,651 15,930

Provincial(9) 2,015 1,093 3,052 5,937 12,097

Total 7,941 3,322 5,176 11,588 28,027

Vegetative clone : 996 species, 28,027 accessions

※ medicinal, tubes, mulberry, tea trees etc.

Major collections of food crops

Crop No. of Acc. No. of origin Top 5 country of origin

Rice 40,088 91 KOR(11621), CHN(7864), JPN(5740), PHL(3295), PRK(1241)

Soybean 22,978 69 KOR(14204), CHN(2127), JPN(950), USA(851), PRK(191)

Barley 21,841 90 KOR(7975), JPN(1166), USA(1133), CHN(658), ETH(426)

Wheat 19,753 89 MEX(2536), KOR(1668), USA(1223), CHN(742), JPN(675)

Oat 9,424 80 YUG(400), USA(384), RUS(331), TUR(263), DEU(235)

Maize 8,657 53 KOR(4279), USA(580), PHL(252), THA(174), CHN(161)

Red bean 3,870 11 KOR(2821), JPN(186), CHN(95), THA(11), TWN(9)

Sorghum 3,238 43 KOR(1583), USA(133), CHN(84), IND(69), PHL(54)

Common bean 3,054 32 KOR(879), BGR(148), NPL(84), THA(82), CHN(66)

Mung bean 2,348 27 KOR(842),CHN(184), MMR(63), PHL(56), PRK(39)


Mung bean 2,348 27 KOR(842),CHN(184), MMR(63), PHL(56), PRK(39)

Rye 1,411 50 KOR(219), TUR(165), YUG(161), USA(61), DEU(55)

Triticale 1,363 13 MEX(131), CAN(52), RUS(28), CHN(20), KOR(19)

Millet 1,100 11 KOR(816), CHN(98), THA(58), IND(55), RUS(25)

Proso Millet 1,015 23 KOR(622), RUS(107), IND(73), CHN(65), TUR(34

Cowpea 941 19 KOR(644), NPL(76), CHN(12), NGA(11), PHL(10)

Pea 798 37 NPL(62), KOR(55), RUS(49), CSK(22), POL(22)

Buckwheat 568 12 KOR(368), CHN(26), RUS(20), JPN(15), NPL(9)

Durum wheat 490 34 MEX(152), ETH(59), RUS(38), TUN(22), ITA(14)

Pearl millet 443 26 IND(244), USA(36), MLI(17), GHA(14), NER(10)

Pigeon pea 175 5 NPL(6), MMR(1), PRY(1), SDN(1), SGP(1)

Faba bean 90 12 NPL(25), THA(7), BOL(5), AUS(3), CHN(3)

Crop No. of Acc. No. of origin Top 5 country of origin

Chili pepper 5,444 107 KOR(1169), BGR(624), CHN(528), USA(248), HUN(225)

Tomato 2,216 69 RUS(209), BGR(157), CHN(132), PHL(120), KOR(91)

Melon 1,810 62 UZB(552), KOR(227), TKM(144), TJK(103), RUS(94)

Radish 1,610 50 KOR(251), CHN(232), TUR(175), USA(138), IND(108)

Pumpkin 1,502 73 KOR(567), USA(116), RUS(76), UZB(70), TUR(54)

Indian mustard 1,234 29 KOR(575), PAK(192), IND(136), NPL(77), USA(30)

Lettuce 1,219 59 KOR(241), TUR(93), NLD(91), USA(62), CHN(55)

Chinese cabbage 1,108 27 KOR(410), CHN(250), JPN(133), TWN(129), PRK(24)

Onion 1,050 47 USA(215), UZB(40), RUS(35), YUG(35), KOR(27)

Watermelon 815 74 RUS(78), UZB(62), KOR(51), TJK(42), CHN(40)

Major collections of horticultural crops Ⅱ. Current status of PGR management

Watermelon 815 74 RUS(78), UZB(62), KOR(51), TJK(42), CHN(40)

Cucumber 740 33 RUS(112), KOR(83), CHN(51), NPL(35), USA(28)

Eggplant 432 37 PHL(95), NPL(27), IND(26), CHN(24), JPN(22)

Gourd 375 43 KOR(79), PHL(50), VNM(36), NPL(30), IND(25)

Okra 305 34 PHL(152), NPL(23), IND(15), PAK(11), AFG(9)

Turnip 252 20 KOR(23), UZB(23), NLD(12), THA(12), NPL(9)

Welsh onion 210 15 KOR(120), MNG(21), CHN(15), JPN(12), USA(7)

Cabbage 196 27 KOR(82), RUS(19), CHN(14), UZB(10), NPL(8)

Spinach 164 8 KOR(95), JPN(12), NPL(8), CHN(7), BOL(1)

Cherry tomato 159 18 HUN(24), CRI(18), SLV(15), KOR(13), MEX(11)

Carrot 146 22 UZB(32), RUS(19), KOR(18), NPL(11), DEU(4)

Pakchoi 140 13 CHN(55), THA(18), JPN(10), KOR(10), USA(4)

Assessment of PGR

v Objectives

- understand the spectrum of the collection : prepare future use, enlarging diversity

- select targeted materials to promote use : increase the usage

- find unknown traits : widening the usage

v Components

- Evaluation: systematic determination of accession’s merit, worth and significance,

using criteria governed by a set of standards

- Characterization : describing the individual quality of the accession

- Qualitative traits : monogenic, only influenced by a single gene

- Quantitative traits : showing continued variation caused sum of several small

effects of the gene


v Objectives

- understand the spectrum of the collection : prepare future use, enlarging diversity

- select targeted materials to promote use : increase the usage

- find unknown traits : widening the usage

v Components

- Evaluation: systematic determination of accession’s merit, worth and significance,

using criteria governed by a set of standards

- Characterization : describing the individual quality of the accession

- Qualitative traits : monogenic, only influenced by a single gene

- Quantitative traits : showing continued variation caused sum of several small

effects of the gene

Standardization of investigation items

ApplicationAdopt or with minor modification of「Standard on Investigation and analysis manual for

Research」published by RDA

Adjusting 40~50 investigating traits items by priority- Priority 1: investigate qualitative traits while multiplication- Priority 2: evaluate user friendly traits through bioassay, molecular markers, and

instrument analysis

Priority crops at National Agrobiodiversity Center<Seed crops>

- 2013: rice, barley, wheat, triticale, rye, oat, sorghum, millet, buckwheat, proso millet, common bean, soybean, red bean, radish, chili pepper, tomato, sesame, perilla, rape, lettuce, onion, maize, cabbage, chinese cabbage, pumpkin, coriander, safflower (27)

- 2014: water melon, job’s tear, melon, cowpea (5)- 2015: egg plant, shepherd purse, mungbean, peanut, spinach, amaranthus, castor bean, cucumber, pea,

oriental melon, chicory, welsh onion, sunflower, pearl millet (14)

<Vegetative clone>- 2014: apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot, Japanese apricot, cherry, grape, raspberry, Siberian gooseberry,

citrus, persimmon, citron, loquat, pomegranate, gerbera, chrysanthemum, lily, cactuses, rose, phalenopses, perennial gypsophila, perennial statice, garlic, ginger, water parsley, ginseng, Chinese mulberry, devil’s bush, barrenwort, yam, peony, persimmon, tea tree, straw berry (36)

- 2015: potato, chives, silver grass, grasses, other flowers, industrial crops, wild


ApplicationAdopt or with minor modification of「Standard on Investigation and analysis manual for

Research」published by RDA

Adjusting 40~50 investigating traits items by priority- Priority 1: investigate qualitative traits while multiplication- Priority 2: evaluate user friendly traits through bioassay, molecular markers, and

instrument analysis

Priority crops at National Agrobiodiversity Center<Seed crops>

- 2013: rice, barley, wheat, triticale, rye, oat, sorghum, millet, buckwheat, proso millet, common bean, soybean, red bean, radish, chili pepper, tomato, sesame, perilla, rape, lettuce, onion, maize, cabbage, chinese cabbage, pumpkin, coriander, safflower (27)

- 2014: water melon, job’s tear, melon, cowpea (5)- 2015: egg plant, shepherd purse, mungbean, peanut, spinach, amaranthus, castor bean, cucumber, pea,

oriental melon, chicory, welsh onion, sunflower, pearl millet (14)

<Vegetative clone>- 2014: apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot, Japanese apricot, cherry, grape, raspberry, Siberian gooseberry,

citrus, persimmon, citron, loquat, pomegranate, gerbera, chrysanthemum, lily, cactuses, rose, phalenopses, perennial gypsophila, perennial statice, garlic, ginger, water parsley, ginseng, Chinese mulberry, devil’s bush, barrenwort, yam, peony, persimmon, tea tree, straw berry (36)

- 2015: potato, chives, silver grass, grasses, other flowers, industrial crops, wild

Assessment of Horticultural & Herbal crops at 2015

Traits Crops Target traits Accs.

Morphological

chili pepper, pumpkin,

brassicas, lettuce, carrot,

perilla, sunflower, safflower

Flowering time, plant traits, fruit

traits, head traits, root traits3,076

Disease

resistance

chili pepper, tomato, water

melon, pumpkin, chinese

cabbage, lettuce

Phytophthora blight, anthracnose,

bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt, powdery

mildew, clubroot, bactrial soft rot

3,219

- 11 crops 8,514 accessions


Disease

resistance

chili pepper, tomato, water

melon, pumpkin, chinese

cabbage, lettuce

Phytophthora blight, anthracnose,

bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt, powdery

mildew, clubroot, bactrial soft rot

3,219

Disease

resistanceChili pepper, tomato

Chili pepper : 5 type viruses

including TMV, one bacterial disease

Tomato : two viruses, two funguses,

one nematode

1,193

Chemical

components

Pumpkin, chinese cabbage,

lettuce, perilla, safflower

Carotenoids, glucosinolate, lactucin,

fatty acids, tocopherol1,026

Total 11 8,514


chili pepper rape

Multiplication

chili pepper rape

safflower carrot


311

144115

61 21 6 1 1050

100

150

200

250

300

350Fruit weight(g)

3 2248

104115

150

10689

22 7 10

20406080

100120140160

Flowering time

Characterization

61 21 6 1 100

3 22 22 7 10

20

Evaluation of disease resistance by bioassay

Chili pepper Phytophthora blight (516 accs.), anthracnose(292 accs.)


Tomato bacterial wilt (341 accs.)

․ Chili pepper : 5 type viruses including TMV, one bacterial disease (624 accs.)․ Tomato : two viruses, two funguses, one nematode (569 accs.)

Evaluation of disease resistance by molecular markers

CMV

TMV


M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 M 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

TMV

ChivMV

BS3

Carotenoids of pumpkin (176 accs)

Evaluation of disease resistance by instrumentsⅡ. Current status of PGR management

HPLC chromatograms from different pulpcolor of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) germplasm.a) primrose; b) dark yellow; c) orange; d)dark green; e) brown

Recent status on Assessment of PGR

Years Primary essential Optional for use Total

2009 15,347 - 15,347

2010 8,000 1,703 9,703

2011 20,000 8,640 28,640


2011 20,000 8,640 28,640

2012 19,000 8,640 27,640

2013 9,421 15,635 25,056

2014 5,578 18,259 23,837

Total 77,346 52,877 130,223

20,000

42,000

64,000

86,000

108,000

130,000

‘14.5 ‘14.6 ‘14.7 ‘14.8 ‘14.9 ‘14.10 ‘14.11 ‘14.12 ‘15.1 ‘15.2 ‘15.3 ‘15.4 ‘15.5

유전자원 0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

전체분양

민간분양

- website access : 1 million times/year

- http://www.genebank.go.kr/- PGR management system(pc-GMS) for PC version- Open to the public to promote use

('11) 40,000, 23% → ('13) 182,000, 100%

Information and material disseminationInformation and material dissemination

Total distributionDistribution to the private


Resources TotalCultivar

developmentPaper

Patent ExhibitionSCI N-SCI

Plants 183 147(244) 7 23 1 5

Microbes 137 - 129 - 3 5

Insects 46 2(2) 2 10 25 7

Total 366 149(246) 138 33 29 1720,000

42,000

64,000

86,000

108,000

130,000

‘14.5 ‘14.6 ‘14.7 ‘14.8 ‘14.9 ‘14.10 ‘14.11 ‘14.12 ‘15.1 ‘15.2 ‘15.3 ‘15.4 ‘15.5

유전자원 0

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

108,000

86,000

- Results of PGR use in 2014

New variety developed(1906~2013)

Korea originated germplasm used

Introduced germplasm used

Varieties developed

Total 1,417(36.7) 2,448(63.3) 3,865(100)

Food 526 637 1,163(30.1)

- About two thirds of introduced germplasm was used


Food

Horticultural 553 1,577 2,130(55.1)

Industrial 314 232 546(14.1)

Forage, manure 24 2 26(0.7)

Ⅰ. Introduction



Extension of seed industry

Changing consumption desire

• World market 70 billion USD, 5.2% grow per year

- Agriculture 53%, animal husbandry 25%, fishery 22%

• Food security :

- super food, tolerant to weather change etc.

• Value and market change in Agricultural products

- primary products à fusion products

Ⅲ. Further approachesⅢ. Further approaches

Exclusive authority

• UPOV• Save the royalty

Primary products

FoodMedicineCulture

Value

Market

Changing consumption desire

• World market 70 billion USD, 5.2% grow per year

- Agriculture 53%, animal husbandry 25%, fishery 22%

• Food security :

- super food, tolerant to weather change etc.

• Value and market change in Agricultural products

- primary products à fusion products

MilletSam-da-me

Reinstitute from Japan, North Je-ju island originated

Diet mix with cooking rice, early maturity,

Erect plant type for mechanization friendly

Variety development

Use targeted gene

Use progeny after crossing

Use as parents

Use directly as variety

PGR use according to breeding technique development


(IR667, IR8/TN1//YUKARA)

Develop iedal type of rice using different ecotype

Diapensia lapponica var. obovata FR. SCH, 3~5cm

hight

Water melonOriental melon Pear land race

Tong-il

CropsNo of

accessions

%Wild

species

%Land races

%Breeding material

%Developed varieties

%Others

Grains(rice, barley, wheat etc.) 3 157 578 5 29 15 8 43

Legumes(soybean, ground nut, red bean etc.)

1 069 897 4 32 7 9 49

Roots & Tubers(potato, sweetpotato, cassava etc.)

204 408 10 30 13 10 37

Vegetables 502 889 5 22 8 14 51

Nuts, fruits, berries 423 401 7 13 14 21 45

Conserved PGR worldwide Ⅲ. Further approachesⅢ. Further approaches

Nuts, fruits, berries 423 401 7 13 14 21 45

Oil crops 181 752 7 22 14 11 47

Forage crops 651 024 35 13 3 4 45

Sugar crops 63 474 7 7 11 25 50

Fiber crops 169 969 4 18 10 10 57

Medicinal, spice, seasoning crops

160 050 13 24 7 9 47

Industrial, Ornamental crops 152 325 46 1 2 4 47

Others 262 993 29 4 2 2 64

Total/% of the total 6 998 760 10 24 11 9 46

Crops Common name

Food(22)

Grains : rice, barley, wheat, rye, triticale, oat, maize, finger millet, pearl millet, sorghum(10)Legumes : common bean, pea, faba bean, cowpea, pijeon pea, chick pea, grass pea, lentil(8)Roots & tubers : sweet potato, potato, yam, cassave(4)

Horticultural(11)

Fruit: citrus, coconut, apple, banana, bread fruit(5)Vegetable : strawberry, egg plant, chinese cabbage, asparagus, carrot, taro(6)

Annex Ⅰ crops of ITPGRFA(64crops) Ⅲ. Further approachesⅢ. Further approaches

Fruit: citrus, coconut, apple, banana, bread fruit(5)Vegetable : strawberry, egg plant, chinese cabbage, asparagus, carrot, taro(6)

Industrial(2)

Sugar: sugar beatOil : sunflower

Forages(29)

grass : Andropogon, Agropyron, Agrostis, Alopecurus, Arrhenatherum, Dactylis, Festuca, Lolium, Phalaris, Phleum, Poa, Tripsacum (12)

Legumes : Astragalus, Canavalia, Coronilla, Hedysarum, Lathyrus, Lespedeza, Lotus, Lupinus, Medicago, Melilotus, Onobrychis, Ornithopus, Prosopis, Pueraria, Trifolium (15)

Others : Atriplex, Salsola (2)

Extend use PGR for seed industry

Petroleum Fuel → materials → products


Primitive use Assessment Processing

FoodClothesMedicinal

NutritionalPhysicalChemicalBiologicalFunctionalCultural

Environment friendly material development

PGR

Harmony with the world

Changing awareness on Biological diversity

Before 1993Before 1993

Free Access Benefit sharing

After 1993(adopt CBD)

After 1993(adopt CBD)


• Effected on Nagoya protocol(’14.10.)

※ ABS : Access to genetic resources and Benefit Sharing

• Main component- PIC, MAT, ABS

• Check and balance