116529431 Architecture of the Philippines

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Architecture of the PhilippinesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The front entrance of Fuerza de Santiago towering 40 metres high

The architectureof thePhilippinesis a reflection of the history and heritage of the country The most

prominent historic constructions in the archipelago are from the Spanish,!apanese, "alay,#indu,$hinese,

and American cultures

The pre%colonial architecture of the Philippines consisted of the&ipa hutmade from natural materials 'ut there

are some traces of large%scale construction 'efore the Spanish colonizers came 'ut not well documented An

e(ample of this is the pre%colonial walled city of "anila although later after the Spanish colonization, dismantled

'y the Spaniards and re'uilt as )ntramuros There are also other minor pre%colonial walled cities like *etis and

"aca'e'e+citation needed

-uring three hundred years of Spanish colonialization, the Philippine architecture was dominated 'y the

Spanish influences -uring this period, )ntramuros,the walled city of "anila, was 'uilt with its walls, houses,

churches and fortress The Augustinian friars 'uilt a large num'er of grand churches all o.er the Philippine

)slands

-uring this period the traditional Filipino /*ahay na 'ato/ style for the large houses emerged These were large

houses 'uilt of stone and wood com'ining Filipino, Spanish and $hinese style elements

After theSpanish%American war, the architecture of the Philippines was dominated 'y the American style )n

this period the plan for the modern city of "anila was designed, with a large num'er ofneoclassical

architectureand art deco'uildings 'y famous American and Filipino architects -uring the li'eration of
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"anila'y the Americans in 142, large portions of )ntramuros and "anila were destroyed )n the period after

the second world war many of the destroyed 'uildings were re'uilt

At the end of the 30th century modern architecture with straight lines and functional aspects was introduced

-uring this period many of the older structures fell into decay arly in the 3st $entury a re.i.al of the respect

for the traditional Filipino elements in the architecture returned

Contents

[hide]

1 Pre-colonial architecture

2 Architecture during the Spanish Colonial era

o 2.1 Bahay na bato

o 2.2 Intramuros

o 2. !ort Santiago

o 2." Paco Par#

o 2.$ Augustinian Churches

o 2.% &ighthouses

Architecture during the American colonial

period

o .1 Art 'eco theaters in the

Philippines

" A(ter )orld )ar II

o ".1 *nited Architects o( the

Philippines

o ".2 +,amples o( !ilipino architecture

a(ter ))II

".2.1 Antipolo Church

".2.2 Parish o( the oly

Sacri(ice

".2. Bahay ubo mansion

o ". /ther prominent !ilipino architects

$ 0e(erences

% +,ternal lin#s

+editPre%colonial architecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_of_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Pre-colonial_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Architecture_during_the_Spanish_Colonial_erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Bahay_na_batohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Intramuroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Fort_Santiagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Paco_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Augustinian_Churcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Lighthouseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Architecture_during_the_American_colonial_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Architecture_during_the_American_colonial_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Art_Deco_theaters_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Art_Deco_theaters_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#After_World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#United_Architects_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#United_Architects_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Examples_of_Filipino_architecture_after_WWIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Examples_of_Filipino_architecture_after_WWIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Antipolo_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Parish_of_the_Holy_Sacrificehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Parish_of_the_Holy_Sacrificehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Bahay_Kubo_mansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Other_prominent_Filipino_architectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_of_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Pre-colonial_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Architecture_during_the_Spanish_Colonial_erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Bahay_na_batohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Intramuroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Fort_Santiagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Paco_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Augustinian_Churcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Lighthouseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Architecture_during_the_American_colonial_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Architecture_during_the_American_colonial_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Art_Deco_theaters_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Art_Deco_theaters_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#After_World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#United_Architects_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#United_Architects_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Examples_of_Filipino_architecture_after_WWIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Examples_of_Filipino_architecture_after_WWIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Antipolo_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Parish_of_the_Holy_Sacrificehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Parish_of_the_Holy_Sacrificehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Bahay_Kubo_mansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Other_prominent_Filipino_architectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1


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A representation of a Filipino range house

Prior to the arri.al of the Spaniards, the main form of dwelling for a family in the Philippines was thenipa hut, a

single room house composed of wood, 'am'oo or other nati.e materials Though the styles of the nipa hut

.aried throughout the country, most all of them shared similar characteristics including ha.ing it raised slightly

a'o.e ground on stilts and a steep roof Aside from nipple huts, other small houses were 'uilt on top of trees to

pre.ent animal as well as enemy attacks+citation needed

+editArchitecture during the Spanish $olonial era

Spanish colonizationintroduced uropeanarchitecture into the country The influence of uropean architecture

and its style actually came .ia theAntillesthrough the "anila 5alleonThe most lasting legacy of Spain in

terms of architecture was its colonial parish churches designed 'y innumera'le Spanish friars

+editBahay na bato

)n this era, the nipa hut or bahay kuboga.e way to the Bahay na bato6stone house7 and 'ecame the typical

house of no'le Filipinos The Bahay na bato, the colonial Filipino house, followed the nipa hut8s arrangements

such as open .entilation and ele.ated apartments The most o'.ious difference 'etween the two houses would

'e the materials that was used to 'uild them The bahay na batowas constructed out of 'rick and stone rather

than the traditional 'am'oo materials )t is a mi(ture of nati.e Filipino, Spanish and $hinese influences

(cellent preser.ed e(amples of these houses of the illustrious Filipinos can 'e admired in9igan, )locos Sur

)nTaal, *atangas,the main street is also lined with e(amples of the traditional Filipino homes

+editIntramuros

)ntramurosis the old walledcity of "anila located along the southern 'ank of the Pasig :i.erThe historic city

was home to centuries%old churches, schools, con.ents, go.ernment 'uildings and residences, the 'est

collection of Spanish colonial architecture 'efore much of it was destroyed 'y the 'om's ofWorld War ));f all

the 'uildings within the


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Fort Santiago6Fuerza de Santiago7 is a defense fortress esta'lished 'y Spanish con>uistador,"iguel ?@pez

de ?egazpiThe fort is thecitadelof the walled city of )ntramuros,in"anila,Philippines

The location of Fort Santiago was also once the site of thepalaceandkingdomof:aah Suliman,chieftain of

"anila of pre%Spanish era )t was destroyed 'y thecon>uistadorsupon arri.ing in 2=0, encountering se.eral

'loody 'attles with the "uslimsand nati.e Tagalogs The Spaniardsdestroyed the nati.e settlements and

erected Fuerza de Santiago in 2=

+editPaco Park

Paco Parkwas planned as a municipalcemeteryfor the well%off and esta'lished aristocratic Spanish families

who resided in the old "anila, or)ntramuros The cemetery is circular in shape, with an inner circular fort that

was the original cemetery with niches on the hollow walls As the population continued to grow, a similar

second outer wall was 'uilt with the thick ado'e hollow walls with niches, the top of the walls made into a

walkway circumna.igating the park A :oman $atholic chapel was 'uilt inside the inner walls, dedicated toSt

Pancratius

San Augustin church Paoay, )locos &orte, !uly 3002

+editAugustinian Churches

The order of the Augustinians,Augustinian Pro.ince of the "ost #oly &ame of !esus of the Philippines,'uild

many churches all o.er the Philippines These magnificent structures can still 'e found all o.er the Philippine

)slands

The San Agustin $hurch inPaoay, )locos &orte, is the most famous of these churches This uni>ue specimen

of Filipino architecture from the Spanish area has 'een included in the World #eritage Sites ?ist of the

B&S$; The church was 'uilt 'y the Augustinian friars from uake proof

'aro>ue style architecture
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The interior of the San AgustCn $hurch in )ntramuros, with magnificent trompe l8oeil mural on its ceiling and walls

San AgustCn $hurch and "onastery,'uilt 'etween 2D= and


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$ape *oeador ?ighthouse

-uring the Spanish and American era many lighthouses were constructed around the Philippine )slands The

most &ortheastern ?ighthouse can 'e found in*urgos, )locos &orte

+editArchitecture during the American colonial period

After the Spanish American war in D1D, the Americans took o.er rule of the Philippines until after the second

world war -uring this period the Americans constructed many &eoclassical'uildings in "anila

)n 103 !udge William #oward Taftwas appointed to head the Philippine $ommission to e.aluate the needs of

the new territory Taft, who later 'ecame the Philippines8 first ci.ilian 5o.ernor%5eneral,+decided that "anila,

the capital, should 'e a planned town #e hired as his architect and city planner-aniel #udson *urnham, who

had 'uiltBnion Stationand thepost officeinWashington )n "anila, "r *urnham had in mind a long wide,

tree%lined 'oule.ard along the 'ay, 'eginning at a park area dominated 'y a magnificent hotel To design, what

is now known as, the "anila #otelTaft hiredWilliam Parsons,a&ew orkarchitect, who en.isioned an

impressi.e, 'ut comforta'le hotel, along the lines of a $alifornia mission, 'ut grander+3The original design was

an #%shaped plan that focused on well%.entilated rooms on two wings, pro.iding grand .istas of the har'or, the

?uneta, and )ntramuros The top floor was a large .iewing deck that was used for .arious functions, including

watching the American na.y steam into the har'or+E

"any of these 'uildings were hea.ily damaged during the *attle of "anila in 142 After the second world war

many were re'uilt "any 'uildings in "anila were designed 'y the Filipino architect !uan " Arellano

)n 1 theArmy $orps of ngineersconstructed the"anila Army and &a.y $lu'at the shore of "anila *ay

'ordering the ?uneta Park The 'uilding consists of a 5rand entrance and has three stories that housed the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Nortehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Nortehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Tafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hudson_Burnhamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hudson_Burnhamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Union_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Union_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_E._Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_E._Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_E._Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-nytimes2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-nytimes2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-philstar-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Marcos_Arellanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Marcos_Arellanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Corps_of_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Corps_of_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Corps_of_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Army_and_Navy_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Army_and_Navy_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Army_and_Navy_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cape_Bojeador_Lighthouse.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cape_Bojeador_Lighthouse.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Nortehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Tafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hudson_Burnhamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Union_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_E._Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-nytimes2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#cite_note-philstar-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Marcos_Arellanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Corps_of_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Army_and_Navy_Club


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.arious function rooms and the #otel rooms )t has 'een in use far into the eighties howe.er it has fallen into

dacay and is in need of restoration

milio Aguinaldo8s housein Gawit, $a.ite,reno.ations designed 'yAguinaldohimself, the first President of the Philippines,

in 11

At T" Galaw Street stands one of the remaining structures that sur.i.ed theli'eration of "anilain 142, the

?uneta #otel, which was completed in 1D According to study 'y -ean !oseph Fernandez of the Bni.ersity

of Santo Tomas, the hotel was designed 'y the Spanish architect%engineer Sal.ador Farre The structure is the

only remaining e(ample of the French :enaissance architecture with Filipino stylized 'eau( arts in the

Philippines to date This famous landmark fell gradually into decay )n 300= the reno.ation acti.ities ha.e

started and it is hoped that this 'uilding will 'e restored to its old grandeur

The "anila "etropolitan Theateris an art deco 'uilding designed 'y the Filipino architect !uan " Arellano,

and 'uilt in 1E2 -uring the li'eration of "anila 'y the Americans in 142, the theatre we totally destroyed

After reconstruction 'y the Americans it gradually fell into disuse in the 1


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uni.ersity was gi.en a 6B&S$;7 Asia Pacific%#eritage Award for $ultural #eritage in 3002 for the outstanding

preser.ation of its Art -eco structures+4

+editArt Deco theaters in the Philippines

Main article:Art Deco theaters of the Philippines

-uring the rise of cinema in the Philippines as a form of recreation, se.eral theaters were constructed in the

1E0s to 120s in theArt -ecostyle designed 'y prominent architects now recognized as &ational Artists

Some though are no longer e(isting due to damages and to ga.e way to these days city de.elopments The

following are the Philippine architects who contri'uted and lead to the design of the classic Philippine theatersJ

!uan &akpil, a Philippine national artistfor Architecture

Pa'lo Antonio

!uan " Arellano

+editAfter World War ))

+editUnited Architects of the Philippines

The Bnited Architects of the Philippinesor BAP is the fficial !oice for Architectsthroughout the country The

BAP was formed through the KunificationL of three architectural organizationsJ the Philippine )nstitute of

Architects, The ?eague of Philippine Architects and the Association of Philippine 5o.ernment Architects )t

'ecame the Bonafide Professional rganization of Architectsupon recei.ing Accreditation &um'er 00 from

the Professional :egulation $ommission Thus, BAP was the first professional organization recognized 'y the

:epu'lic

With the passing of the new architecture law or :epu'lic Act &o 13


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The $hurch of the #oly Sacrifice is the first circularchurchand the first thin%shellconcrete dome in the Philippines

The Parish of the #oly Sacrifice is the landmark $atholicchapel in theBni.ersity of the Philippines -iliman

Gnown for its architectural design, the church is recognized as a &ational #istorical ?andmark and a $ultural

Treasure 'y the &ational #istorical )nstitute and the &ational "useum respecti.ely Fi.e &ational artists

colla'orated on the proect The 'uilding was designed 'y the late &ational Artistfor Architecture,?eandro

?ocsinAlfredo !uinioser.ed as the structural engineer for the proect Around the chapel are fifteen large

murals painted 'y 9icente "anansaladepicting the Stations of the $ross The mar'le altar and the large

wooden cross a'o.e it were sculpted 'y &apoleon A'ue.a The mosaic floor mural called the K:i.er of ?ifeL

was designed 'yArturo ?uz

+editBahay $ubo mansion

)n "ay 300D, &ational artistfor architectureFrancisco "aMosa, designer of the $oconut Palace, 'uilt his own

two%storey *ahay Gu'o mansioninAyala Ala'ang 9illage, a wealthy su'ur' south of "anila With only E posts

or /haligi/, it has fi.e one%inch coconutshell doors, a /silong/,"uslimroom, sala, and master8s 'edroom with

a fish pondtherein+2+

Documents

116529431 Architecture of the Philippines