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Introduction to Introduction to “Haft“Haft--ee--AqsaamAqsaam””

7 7 Categories of IrregularitiesCategories of Irregularities

Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

“Haft“Haft--ee--AqsaamAqsaam””

Looks at all the verbs from the perspective of Looks at all the verbs from the perspective of whether they are regular or irregular.whether they are regular or irregular.

3 3 ways irregularities can occur in a verbways irregularities can occur in a verb::1.1. HamzahHamzah within the base letterswithin the base letters

2.2. WaawWaaw//YaaYaa within base letterswithin base letters

3.3. ‘‘AynAyn and and laamlaam position the position the same lettersame letter

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7 Categories7 Categories These These 3 3 factors result in factors result in 7 7 categories:categories:

1.1. صحیحصحیح (regular verb) (regular verb) –– none of the none of the 3 3 factors factors within the base letterswithin the base letters E.g. E.g. أكرم أكرم , ,قاتل قاتل , ,سمع سمع , ,ضرب ضرب , ,نصر نصر

2.2. مھموزمھموز ((hamzatedhamzated verb) verb) –– hamzah within the hamzah within the base letters base letters E.g. E.g. أخذ أخذ (to take), (to take), سأل سأل (to ask), (to ask), قرأ قرأ (to read)(to read)

Rules that govern Rules that govern مھموزمھموز are called “are called “تخفیفتخفیف””

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معتل معتل –– waaw/waaw/yaayaa within the base letters:within the base letters:

3.3. مثالمثال (assimilated verb) (assimilated verb) –– waaw/waaw/yaayaa at the beginning at the beginning ((faafaa’ position’ position)) وعد وعد (to make a promise), (to make a promise), وجد وجد (to find), (to find), یسر یسر (to be easy)(to be easy)

4.4. أجوفأجوف (hollow verb) (hollow verb) –– waaw/waaw/yaayaa in the middle (‘in the middle (‘aynaynposition)position) قال قال (to say), (to say), باع باع (to sell), (to sell), خاف خاف (to fear)(to fear)

5.5. ناقصناقص (deficient verb) (deficient verb) –– waaw/waaw/yaayaa at the end (at the end (laamlaamposition)position) نادىنادى (to call), (to call), دعادعا (to supplicate), (to supplicate), رمىرمى (to throw)(to throw)

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6.6. لفیفلفیف –– Waaw and Waaw and yaayaa ocurringocurring at the same timeat the same time Can occur in Can occur in 2 2 ways: ways:

لفیف مفروقلفیف مفروق –– weak letter on weak letter on faafaa’’ and and laamlaam positionposition E.g. E.g. وقىوقى (to guard/preserve)(to guard/preserve)

لفیف مقرونلفیف مقرون –– weak letter on ‘weak letter on ‘aynayn and and laamlaam positionposition E.g. E.g. طوىطوى (to fold)(to fold)

Rules that govern Rules that govern معتل معتل are called “are called “تعلیلتعلیل””

7.7. مضاعفمضاعف (duplicated verb) (duplicated verb) –– 2 2 same letters on same letters on ‘‘aynayn and and laamlaam positionposition مر مر (to pass), (to pass), فر فر (to escape)(to escape)

Rules that govern Rules that govern مضاعفمضاعف are called “are called “إدغامإدغام”.”.Shariah Program - © 2003-2009

SummarySummary

7 7 types of irregularities:types of irregularities:

1.1. صحیحصحیح

2.2. مھموزمھموز

3.3. مثالمثال

4.4. أجوفأجوف

5.5. ناقصناقص

6.6. لفیفلفیف مفروقمفروق)) and and مقرونمقرون))

7.7. مضاعفمضاعفShariah Program - © 2003-2009

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Rules that govern Rules that govern مھموزمھموز تخفیفتخفیف

Rules that govern Rules that govern معتل معتل ) ) مثالمثال //ناقصناقص//أجوفأجوف//لفیفلفیف(( تعلیلتعلیل

Rules that govern Rules that govern مضاعفمضاعف إدغام إدغام

Shariah Program - © 2003-2009