11/14/20151 Ruminant Digestion 11/14/20152 Different Digestive Systems The The three different types of digestive systems are: Monogastric Monogastric

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Ruminant Ruminant DigestionDigestion

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Different Digestive Different Digestive SystemsSystems

The three different types of The three different types of digestive systems are: digestive systems are:

MonogastricMonogastric

Modified MonogastricModified Monogastric

RuminantRuminant

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RuminantRuminant A few animals with A few animals with

ruminant digestive ruminant digestive systems are sheep, systems are sheep, cattle, goats, and cattle, goats, and deer.deer.

Ruminant animals Ruminant animals have four complex have four complex stomach structures.stomach structures.

The four stomachs The four stomachs are called the rumen, are called the rumen, reticulum, omasum reticulum, omasum and abomasum. and abomasum.

Herbivores are Herbivores are usually ruminant usually ruminant animals.animals.

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Parts of Ruminant SystemParts of Ruminant System

Mouth- teeth and lips hold food and Mouth- teeth and lips hold food and chew it, saliva moistens food.chew it, saliva moistens food.

Esophagus-food travels to stomach.Esophagus-food travels to stomach. Four Compartments:Four Compartments: 11stst-Rumen-Rumen 22ndnd-Reticulum-Reticulum 33rdrd-Omasum-Omasum 44thth-Abomasum-Abomasum

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11stst Compartment: Rumen Compartment: Rumen

Large Large fermentation vat, fermentation vat, where bacteria where bacteria and protozoa and protozoa thrive to break thrive to break down roughages.down roughages.

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RumenRumen

Contains microorganisms that Contains microorganisms that digest cellulose and can synthesize digest cellulose and can synthesize amino acids as well as B-complex amino acids as well as B-complex vitamins.vitamins.

Rumen Sizes in Cattle and Sheep Rumen Sizes in Cattle and Sheep Cow-Cow- 40 Gallons40 Gallons

Sheep-Sheep- 5 Gallons5 Gallons

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22ndnd Compartment- Compartment- ReticulumReticulum

Reticulum has a lining with small Reticulum has a lining with small compartments similar to a compartments similar to a honeycomb. Hence its nickname the honeycomb. Hence its nickname the “honeycomb.”“honeycomb.”

Interacts with the rumen in initiating Interacts with the rumen in initiating mixing activity and provides mixing activity and provides additional storage for fermentation.additional storage for fermentation.

Capacity:Capacity: Cow: 2 GallonsCow: 2 Gallons Sheep: 2 QuartsSheep: 2 Quarts

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33rdrd Compartment: Compartment: OmasumOmasum

Omasum has many Omasum has many folds, often folds, often referred to as referred to as manyplies. manyplies.

Aids in the grinding Aids in the grinding action of the foodaction of the food

Capacity:Capacity: Cow:Cow:4 gallons4 gallons Sheep:Sheep: 1 quart1 quart

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44thth Compartment: Compartment: AbomasumAbomasum

Abomasum: The true stomachAbomasum: The true stomach Corresponds with the stomach of Corresponds with the stomach of

monogastric animals.monogastric animals. Majority of Digestion takes place.Majority of Digestion takes place. Capacity:Capacity: Cow 4 Gallons,Cow 4 Gallons, Sheep 3 Sheep 3

quartsquarts

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Small IntestineSmall Intestine

Functions in splitting food Functions in splitting food molecules and in nutrient molecules and in nutrient absorption.absorption.

Capacity of Ruminant Animals:Capacity of Ruminant Animals: Cow: 15 Gallons or 130 feetCow: 15 Gallons or 130 feet Sheep: 2 Gallons or 80 feetSheep: 2 Gallons or 80 feet

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Large Intestine Large Intestine

Functions in absorbing water and Functions in absorbing water and forms indigestible wastes into forms indigestible wastes into solids.solids.

Last chance for minor nutrient Last chance for minor nutrient absorption.absorption.

Capacity of Ruminant AnimalsCapacity of Ruminant Animals Cow: 10 gallonsCow: 10 gallons Sheep: 6 quartsSheep: 6 quarts

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Review of Ruminant Review of Ruminant Digestive SystemsDigestive Systems

Animals that have Animals that have ruminant digestive ruminant digestive systems eat forage rapidly systems eat forage rapidly and later regurgitate the and later regurgitate the feed, known as the cud.feed, known as the cud.

The regurgitated food is The regurgitated food is chewed thoroughly, chewed thoroughly, swallowed and then more swallowed and then more feed is regurgitated. This feed is regurgitated. This process is continued until process is continued until all the feed is masticated. all the feed is masticated.

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How the Ruminant System How the Ruminant System WorksWorks

Once the feed has arrived in the Once the feed has arrived in the rumen, it is mixed with rumen, it is mixed with microorganisms, such as bacteria, microorganisms, such as bacteria, protozoa and certain fungi. They protozoa and certain fungi. They assist the ruminant animal in assist the ruminant animal in utilizing cellulose, and in utilizing cellulose, and in synthesizing protein from non-synthesizing protein from non-protein nitrogen and certain protein nitrogen and certain vitamins.vitamins.

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Then the feed arrives in the Then the feed arrives in the Reticulum that is commonly Reticulum that is commonly referred to as the “honeycomb”. referred to as the “honeycomb”. Its major function is to work with Its major function is to work with the rumen in mixing and grinding the rumen in mixing and grinding the feed.the feed.

Also functions in screening foreign Also functions in screening foreign objects from the digestive system.objects from the digestive system.

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Then the feed arrives in the Then the feed arrives in the omasum, or the third compartment omasum, or the third compartment referred to as “manyplies.” The referred to as “manyplies.” The omasum assists in removing 60 to omasum assists in removing 60 to 70 percent of the water before the 70 percent of the water before the feed enters the abomasum.feed enters the abomasum.

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Once the feed has Once the feed has arrived in the arrived in the abomasum, or the abomasum, or the “true stomach,” “true stomach,” digestive juices, digestive juices, which contain which contain enzymes, break enzymes, break down proteins, and down proteins, and add moisture to the add moisture to the feed as it enters the feed as it enters the small intestine.small intestine.

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Small & Large Intestine in Small & Large Intestine in ReviewReview

From the abomasum, the feed From the abomasum, the feed enters the small intestine where enters the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed in the blood nutrients are absorbed in the blood system.system.

From the small intestine, the food From the small intestine, the food passes into the large intestine passes into the large intestine where the water is removed and where the water is removed and the feed is prepared for excretion.the feed is prepared for excretion.

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Ruminant Ruminant Digestive System Digestive System

Student Note Student Note OutlineOutline

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Different Digestive Different Digestive SystemsSystems

The three different types of The three different types of digestive systems are: digestive systems are:

1…1…

2…2…

3…3…

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RuminantRuminant Ruminant animals have Ruminant animals have

__________complex __________complex stomach structures.stomach structures.

A few animals with A few animals with ruminant digestive ruminant digestive systems are_______,systems are_______,

__________, goats,__________, goats, _______ and giraffes._______ and giraffes. The four stomachs are The four stomachs are

called the_________,called the_________, ____________,____________, ____________ and the ____________ and the

_____________. _____________. __________are usually __________are usually

ruminant animals.ruminant animals.

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Parts of Ruminant SystemParts of Ruminant System

Mouth-teeth and lips hold food and Mouth-teeth and lips hold food and chew it, saliva moistens food.chew it, saliva moistens food.

Esophagus-_______________stomach.Esophagus-_______________stomach. Four Compartments:Four Compartments: 11stst-- 22ndnd- - 33rdrd-- 44thth--

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11stst Compartment: Rumen Compartment: Rumen Large fermentation Large fermentation

vat, where vat, where ___________and ___________and ___________ thrive ___________ thrive to break down to break down roughages.roughages.

Rumen is lined with Rumen is lined with papillae to increase papillae to increase ____________and ____________and absorptionabsorption

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RumenRumen

Contains microorganisms that digest Contains microorganisms that digest ____________and can synthesize ____________and can synthesize amino acids as well as B-complex amino acids as well as B-complex vitamins.vitamins.

Rumen Sizes in Cattle & SheepRumen Sizes in Cattle & Sheep

Cow-Cow- ________________________Sheep-Sheep- ________________________

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22ndnd Compartment- Compartment-ReticulumReticulum

Reticulum has a lining with small Reticulum has a lining with small compartments similar to a compartments similar to a honeycomb. Hence its nickname the honeycomb. Hence its nickname the “honeycomb.”“honeycomb.”

Interacts with the rumen in initiating Interacts with the rumen in initiating _____________and provides additional _____________and provides additional storage for_____________________.storage for_____________________.

Capacity:Capacity: Cow:____________Cow:____________ Sheep:___________Sheep:___________

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33rdrd Compartment: Compartment: OmasumOmasum

Omasum has many Omasum has many folds, often referred folds, often referred to as___________. to as___________.

Aids in the grinding Aids in the grinding action of the foodaction of the food

Capacity:Capacity: Cow:Cow: __________________ Sheep:Sheep: __________________

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44thth Compartment: Compartment: AbomasumAbomasum

_____________: The true stomach_____________: The true stomach Corresponds with the stomach of Corresponds with the stomach of

________________animals.________________animals. Majority of digestion takes place.Majority of digestion takes place. Capacity:Capacity: Cow _______Cow _______ Sheep__________Sheep__________

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Small IntestineSmall Intestine

Functions in splitting food Functions in splitting food molecules and molecules and in________________________.in________________________.

Capacity of Ruminant Animals:Capacity of Ruminant Animals: Cow: 15 Gallons or_____________Cow: 15 Gallons or_____________ Sheep: 2 Gallons or_____________Sheep: 2 Gallons or_____________

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Large Intestine Large Intestine

Functions in absorbing_______ and Functions in absorbing_______ and forms indigestible wastes into forms indigestible wastes into solids.solids.

Last chance for minor nutrient Last chance for minor nutrient absorption.absorption.

Capacity of Ruminant AnimalsCapacity of Ruminant Animals Cow:__________________Cow:__________________ Sheep:_________________Sheep:_________________

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Review of Ruminant Review of Ruminant Digestive SystemsDigestive Systems

Animal that have Animal that have ruminant digestive ruminant digestive systems eat forage rapidly systems eat forage rapidly and later regurgitate the and later regurgitate the feed, known as_______.feed, known as_______.

The regurgitated food is The regurgitated food is chewed thoroughly, chewed thoroughly, swallowed, and then more swallowed, and then more feed is regurgitated. This feed is regurgitated. This process is continued until process is continued until all the feed is masticated. all the feed is masticated.

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Once the food has arrived in the Once the food has arrived in the rumen, it is mixed with rumen, it is mixed with microorganisms such as___________, microorganisms such as___________, protozoa and certain fungi. They protozoa and certain fungi. They assist the ruminant animal in assist the ruminant animal in utilizing________, and in synthesizing utilizing________, and in synthesizing protein from non-protein nitrogen protein from non-protein nitrogen and certain_____________.and certain_____________.

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The feed arrives in the The feed arrives in the ___________that is commonly ___________that is commonly referred to as the “honeycomb.” referred to as the “honeycomb.” Its major function is to work with Its major function is to work with the rumen in mixing and grinding the rumen in mixing and grinding the feed.the feed.

Also functions in screening foreign Also functions in screening foreign objects from the digestive system.objects from the digestive system.

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The feed arrives in the omasum, or The feed arrives in the omasum, or the third compartment referred to the third compartment referred to as “_____________”. The omasum as “_____________”. The omasum assists in removing 60 to 70 assists in removing 60 to 70 percent of the _____________before percent of the _____________before the feed enters the abomasum.the feed enters the abomasum.

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Once the feed has Once the feed has arrived in the arrived in the abomasum, or the abomasum, or the “true stomach,” “true stomach,” ______________, which ______________, which contain enzymes contain enzymes break down_______, break down_______, and add moisture to and add moisture to the feed as it enters the feed as it enters the small intestine.the small intestine.

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Small & Large Intestine in Small & Large Intestine in ReviewReview

From the abomasum, the feed From the abomasum, the feed enters the ____________where enters the ____________where nutrients are absorbed in the blood nutrients are absorbed in the blood system.system.

From the small intestine, the food From the small intestine, the food passes into the large intestine passes into the large intestine where the water is removed and where the water is removed and the feed is prepared for excretion.the feed is prepared for excretion.

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11/14/20151 Ruminant Digestion 11/14/20152 Different Digestive Systems The The three different types of digestive systems are: Monogastric Monogastric