11 Pirolli - Inflatable Greenhouse

7/31/2019 11 Pirolli - Inflatable Greenhouse

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Design andDesign anddevelopment of adevelopment of a

martianmartian inflatableinflatablegreenhousegreenhouse

Marzia Marzia Pirolli Pirolli



AeroSekurAeroSekur

Aero Sekur mission is to provide products andservices aimed to support life and survival ofdefence and security forces, as well asoperation of air and battlefield vehicles, on the

basis of proven and best mechanical, software,textile and advanced material technologies ona National and International perspective.



EarthEarth andand MarsMars:: Differences…Differences…

21Number of moons

24.6524Length of day(hours)

- 6515Average surfacetemperature (°C)

0.006361.014Surface pressure(atm)

3.729.78Gravity (m/s2)

227.92149.60Mean Orbitaldistance (106 km)

33976378.1Equatorial radius(km)

0.6425.97Mass (1024 kg)

Earth Mars Mars



……AnalogsAnalogs

Valles Marineris Quaidan Basin, Cina

Landscapes




Landscapes

Gusev Crater Cerro Armazones, Cile




High mountains

Olympus Mons

Kilimangiaro, Uganda




River’s delta

Delta del Lena, Siberia



Mars Greenhouses: State of ArtMars Greenhouses: State of Art

Field research project carried out near the Haughtonimpact crater on Canada's northern Devon Island.

Conducted jointly by SETI and Mars Institute, projectgoals are:

develop and test new technologies and field operating

procedures utilize in Mars-like environment

•study plants behavior in extreme landscapes.

Mars Greenhouse Project:Low pressure greenhousedemonstrator developed atUniversity of Florida.

COURTESY OF NASA

COURTESY OF NASAArizona University, SadlerMachine Co. and AeroSekurextreme environmentsgreenhouse project:

Haugthon Mars Project:

Demonstrator of an inflatable greenhouse for extreme

Mars-like landscapes.



Hydroponic cultureHydroponicHydroponic cultureculture

Soil lesscultivation

method, using a

nutritivesolution.

Seeds germinates in a pearlite or rock wool substrate

Plant roots are inserted in appropriate pots with constant

slope to 1-1.5%, covered to avoid the exposure to sunlight.

Nutritive solution flow continuously feeding roots.

Tanks fornutritivesolution

Pump

POT



Tests carried out at laboratories of Horticultural Sciences and Biological &Agricultural Engineering Department of Texas university, demonstrate thatplants grow better in low pressure atmosphere.

Plants for MarsPlants for Mars

Possible environmental conditions:

High pressure (~ 1atm) Low pressure (~ 0.4 atm)

Similar to Earth Optimal growth rate

LETTUCE WHEAT

1 atm

0.4 atm

1 atm

0.4 atm







The life support systemThe life support systemBio-Regenerative life support system closes the three fundamental cycles forcontinuous human permanence in the space.

AIR CYCLE WATER CYCLE FOOD PRODUCTION CYCLE

Urine= 1.5 kg

Hygiene water=12.58 kg

CarbonDioxide= 1 kg

Oxygen= 0.84 kg

Food= 0.81 kg

water tot. = 2.77 kg

Food with water=0.96 kg

Tot.

1.77kg

t=1 with artificial light

Amount of edible plant

mass produced (E) = 0.77 x PAR x t – 6.1 = 67 g/(m2day)

Photo-synthetically Active Radiation transmittance

t= 0.60 for greenhouses





In case of one greenhouse’s damagetwo additional ones work.

The shapeThe shapeTotal food = 1.77 kg per day per person ? 0.97 kg (55%)= food produced in greenhouse

0.97 (kg) x 6 (persons) x 686.5 (m.y.) = 3995.4 kg/m.y.

Total growth area = 3995.4 / E ̃ 86 m2

In case of plant disease into onegreenhouse two additional oneswork..

Trade-offs: Scoring Method

2532Parallelepiped

5454Cylinder

5145Sphere

Problem of sandIncome and

pre-roomPacking

Pressure

distributionShape

1=worst >>> 5= best

Baseline: 90 m2 divided in 3greenhouses (redundant design)



Optimal shape is cylindrical. The shape is given by twohatches placed to the far ends.

The shapeThe shape



Optimal shape is cylindrical. The shape is given by twohatches placed to the far ends.

The shapeThe shape



Structural design: Layout and overall dimensionStructural design: Layout and overall dimension

6 persons 90 m2 growth area

3 greenhouses 30 m2 each

First layerpot

Second layerpot

Third layerpot

This layout is suitable for smallplants like lettuce being the gap

between two layer ~ 50 cm.

6 greenhouses 15 m2 each

Single layer

This layout is suitable for tall plants astomatoes, wheat and cucumbers.





MaterialsMaterials

Pressure’s load on the structure:atm p p p

est 393.0007.04.0

int=−=−= p = 0.4 atm = 4133 kg/m 2

Opaque structure Transparent structure(Earth prototype)

Structural layer: Vectran®

Thermal insulation layer: Aerogel®

Airtight layer: Kapton®

Internal barrier layer: Aluminum-coated Zylon®

With an additional foam layer thisstructure can be use for lunar

application too (buried layout).

Only one layer: F-Clean®

It’s a fluorine based polymermade in Japan by Asahi Glass.



Opaque structure: tests on materialsOpaque structure: tests on materials

Vectran®:

Tear strength test Tensile test

Standard : Grab method UNI 5419-64.

1400 N: Applied force in order to damagethe sample.

Standard : UNI 4818-92.

400 N: Applied force in order to tear thesample.







Vectran®:Tear strength test Tensile test

Standard : Grab method UNI 5419-64.

1400 N: Applied force in order to damagethe sample.

Standard : UNI 4818-92.

400 N: Applied force in order to tear thesample.

Kapton®:

Permeability test

Oxygen permeability value

Kapton: 9.9 cc-mm/m2-24h-atm

HDPE : 41-59 cc-mm/m2-24h-atm

Nylon : 4-25 cc-mm/m2-24h-atm

Tensile elongation test

Normal stress applied: 230 MPa.

Elongation: 70%

Zylon®:

Tear strength test 1600 N: Applied force in order to tear the sample.



Numerical simulationNumerical simulation

Numerical simulation with LS-DYNA to verify vectran’s behavior:Bases : Rigid material

Mapped Mesh with quad elements

Caps : elastic material Carbon fiberStructural layer : Vectran®

CONSTRAINTS: Fixed base

Note: Control volume technique has been

used to simulate structure’s inflation.

RESULTS

Max. displacement = 11 cm Max. stress = 185 MPa




Bases : Rigid material

Caps : elastic material Carbon fiberStructural layer : Vectran®

CONSTRAINTS: Fixed base

Note: Control volume technique has been

used to simulate structure’s inflation.




Numerical simulation with MSC.NASTRAN to verify caps’ behavior:

The material is a sandwich:

Core = Nomex®’s honeycomb (5 cm thickness)Skins = Carbon fabric (0.2 mm thickness)

RESULTS

Max. displacement = 2.79 cm Max. stress = 93 MPa








LightLight

300 W/m2 = 30000 lumen/m2 necessary for a correct vegetative growth.

25 plants per m2

With optic fibers it’s possible to put one light on each plant

W I 1225

300==Lamp intensity is:

300 W/m2

PLANT

300 W/m2

SOLAR PANEL

GREENHOUSE 30 m2

Surface panel 10 m2

CELL 22X22 cm MODULE 6 CELLS24x140 cm

PANEL

Concentration solar panel are able to supply power up to 0.3 kW per each module



•Its surface contains approximately 70% of young material, maybe volcanic ash.

Where on Mars? Where on Mars?

Candidate Site: Melas ChasmaIt’s a valley into Valles Marineris area.

WHY?•There are alluviums or residual materials as a result of glaciers melting.

•There are rocks of volcanic origin eroded from atmospheric agents.

•Maybe in the past here there was a lake or a river.



OUR GREENHOUSE:



FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS:

Design of a suitable transport module

Detailed analysis of a modular-greenhouse system

Detailed Thermal analysis

Design of a controlled environment conditioning system

Development of suitable sensors to monitor GreenHouse environment

Optimization of solar panels with an inflatable design

Design of suitable robotic systems for monitoring and harvesting



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11 Pirolli - Inflatable Greenhouse