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Facilities design for manufacturing systems is extremely important because of the economic dependence of the firm.

Facility Design emphasis on

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There are number of factors that effect the facility planning process.

Volume of productionVariety of productionValue of each product

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In this automation and mechanization are dominant. People perform a little number of direct task and greater number of indirect task.

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Fixed automation system is influenced by the following factors,

Transfer Line Dial Indexing Machine

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Transfer Line:In this the material flow from one work station to the next in a sequential manner.It is used for high volume production and are highly automated.In highly automated line, the processing rates of individual machines are matched.(no buffer storage is required)

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When the production rates are unmatched. There are some disadvantages.

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Design of Transfer Line:The processing equipment is arranged

according to the processing sequence.

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Several Types of flow pattern are,

Dial Indexing Machine:In dial indexing machine the workstations

and the input/output stations are arranged in a circular pattern. i.e.

Automated assembly systems for automotive parts. Beverage bottling and canning process.

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FMS consists of a group of processing work stations/Identical machines interconnected by means of an automated material handling and storage system and controlled by integrated computer control system.

FMS is called flexible due to the reason that it is capable of processing a variety of different part styles

simultaneously at the workstation and quantities of production can be adjusted in response to changing demand patterns.

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1. Production of families of work-part

2. Random launching of work-part onto the system 2. Random launching of work-part onto the system

3.Reduced Manufacturing Lead Time 3.Reduced Manufacturing Lead Time

4. Increased Machine Utilization

5. Reduce direct and Indirect Labour

7. Better Management Control

1. Convenient access for loading/unloading1. Convenient access for loading/unloading

2. Random, Independent movement of palletized work-parts between workstations.

3.Temporary storage between workstations 3.Temporary storage between workstations

4. Compatibility of Computer control

5. Provision of Future Expansion

6. Easily Access to Machine tool

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Produce a variety of Items under one roof

Produce more product more quickly Improve efficiency Improve product routing Improve product qualityTo reduce setup and queue timesReduce time for product completionUtilize human workers better

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Substantial pre-planning activity Expensive, costing millions of

dollars Technological problems of exact

component positioning and precise timing necessary to process a component

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Substantial pre-planning activity Expensive, costing millions of

dollars Technological problems of exact

component positioning and precise timing necessary to process a component

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Handling less is best.Grab, Hold, and do not turn loose.Eliminate, Combine and simplify the

process.Moving and Storing material cost should

included. Pre-position Material.

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History: The just in time production system

was developed more than 4 decades ago by

Ohno Taiichi at the Toyota motor company in japan.

Definition: Just in time means having

right part at the right place in the right amount at the right time in right

position in right sequence and for the right cost by using rightmethod.

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According to Ohno waste is divided into following seven categories.Waste arising from over production.Waste arising due to waiting.Waste arising from transporting.Waste arising from processing itself.Waste arising from unnecessary stock on hand.Waste arising from unnecessary motion.Waste arising from producing defective goods.

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We categorize JIT philosophy into five different Elements.

Visibility: Simplicity: Flexibility: Standardization: Organization:

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Waste can be defined as any resource that adds cost but does not add value to the product.

Sources of wastes:

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There are many concepts and technique related to JIT production system that impact building design , facility layout and material handling system such as:

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One of the main objective of JIT production system is the reduction of inventories.By reducing inventory we obtain the following:Space requirements are reduced by constructing smaller buildings.Smaller loads are moved and stored.Use of smaller and simpler storage systems, storage requirements are reduced.

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If products are purchased and produces in smaller lots, they should be delivered to the point of use to avoid stock out at the consuming process.

To achieve quality at the source concept the following could be required.Proper packaging for parts and boxes on pallets Efficient transportation

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In JIT manufacturing system For better communication among worker U shaped production lines are used.

To use the multiple abilities of the workers.

To easily balance to production line using visual aids and team approach.

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Following trends can be seen:Smaller centralized storage areaDecentralized material handling equipmentMaterial handling alternatives.Visible, accessible and durable transferable containers.Asynchronous production linesBetter handling and transportation part protectionStandard containers, Trays or Pallets.

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