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8/8/2019 10rtm Gnh Indices_update
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1/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008
GNH Indices
Dasho Karma Ura, Director
The Centre for Bhutan Studies
February 18th, 2008, Thimphu
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GNH Indices Construction Timeline
2007 2008 2009
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GNH Information Flow
GNH Commission
PM + Secretaries +
NEC
SSICBS
MoAMoLHR
MoH
MoHCAMoIC
MoE
MoF
MoFA
MoEA MoWHS
20 Dzongkhag GNH Committee? DT
(Dzongdas + PO + Sector Heads)
205 Gewog GNH Committee ? GT
(GUPs + GDO + Field Officials)
HM
ParliamentJudiciary Constitutional
Bodies
BCCI
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GNH in Policy Making
GNH PROJECT SELECTION TOOLS
GNH INDICATORS
SINGLE NUMBERGNH INDEXNational Index
Progress
Measurement
Policy Making
Influence
Influence
GNH POLICY SCREENING TOOLS
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Role of Citizens in GNH Policy Making
PROJECT SELECTION TOOLS
POLICY SCREENING TOOLS
Policy MakingPolicy Making
Citizens
of Bhutan
Report progress through
GNH indicators
Represented by heterogeneous
panel to conduct policy review
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POLICY SCREENINGPOLICY SCREENING
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GNH Policy Screening Tools
1. Corruption
Will increase the
opportunity forcorruption
Do not know the
effects on corruption
Will not have any
appreciable effects oncorruption
Will decrease the
opportunity forcorruption
1 2 3 4
Policy Screening Questions
Policy proposals will be rated prior to approval by a series of screening questions
on a 1 to 4 scale in order to carry out any necessary modifications
2. Trust
Will decrease the
degree of trust
between people andgovernment officials
Do not know the
effects on the degree
of trust betweenpeople and
government officials
Will not have any
appreciable effects on
the degree of trustbetween people and
government officials
Will increase the
degree of trust
between people andgovernment officials
1 2 3 4
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GNH Policy Screening Tools
4. Pollution
Will increase theamount of pollution or
degradation of the air,
land or water
Do not know theeffects on pollution or
degradation of the air,
land or water
Will not have anyeffect on pollution or
degradation of the air,
land or water n
Will decrease theamount of pollution or
degradation of the air,
land or water
1 2 3 4
5. Leisure time
Will decrease
opportunities to spend
time with family and
friends
Do not know the
effects on
opportunities to spend
time with family and
friends
Will not have any
appreciable effects on
opportunities to spend
time with family and
friends
Will increase
opportunities to spend
time with family and
friends
1 2 3 4
3. Economic security
Will result in a net
decrease in economicsecurity within the
population
Do not know the
differential effects oneconomic security
within the population
Will no not have any
appreciable effects oneconomic security
within the population
Will probably result in
a net increase ineconomic security
within the population
1 2 3 4
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GNH Policy Screening Tools
6. Stress
Will increase levels of
stress in the
population
Do not know the
effects on levels of
stress in the
population
Will not have any
appreciable effects on
levels of stress in the
population
Will decrease levels
of stress in the
population
1 2 3 4
7. Culture
Will decrease the
opportunity for people
to learn about or
participate in cultural
practices and
traditions
Do not know the effecton opportunity to learn
about or participate in
cultural practices and
traditions
Will have no effect onopportunity to learn
about or participate in
cultural practices and
traditions
Will increaseopportunity to learn
about or participate in
cultural practices and
traditions.
1 2 3 4
8. Social support
Will decrease the
amount of social
support available to
people in time of
need.
Do not know the effect
on the amount of
social support
available in time of
needs
Will have no effect on
amount of social
support available in
time of needs
Will increase the
amount of social
support available to
people in time of
need.
1 2 3 4
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Corruption 3 Culture 3 Family 2
Social Support 2 Health 4Trust 1
Security 4
Pollution 1
Productivity 4
Equity 1
Information 1
Participation 1
Leisure 1
Stress 2
Biodiversity 2
Spiritual 1
Discrimination 3
Corruption 1
= 37 / 210 out of a potential 84 / 210
Policy must be improved, score is low
Policy Screening Score
GNH Policy Screening Tools
Final score
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BASIC INDICATORSBASIC INDICATORS
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Domain name Topics covered No. variables
D1 Demographics - Personal demographics
- Employment- Household structure
110
1 Psychological Well-
being
- Satisfaction
- Happiness
- Social support
- Stress
- Mental health- Spirituality
- Emotional experience
75
2 Culture - Languages
- Identity
- Core values
- Community participation
- Local customs- Etiquette
- Value changes
- Knowledge & creativity
- Music & TV
- Architecture/Buildings
231
Survey Domain Summary
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Domain name Topics covered No. variables
3 Education - Non formal education
- Skills known- Skills applied
- Family, civic & cultural
knowledge
- Student attitudes to their
education
- Parental attitudes to their childs
education- Rituals/Religious events
136
4 Health - Overall health
- Disabilities
- Activity limitations
- Substance use
- Physical activity- Food insecurity
- Child rearing
- Suicidal thoughts
- Access to sanitation, access to
hospital service
- Indigenous health services
164
Survey Domain Summary
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Domain name Topics covered No. variables
5 Time Use - Time stress
- Time diary
- Activity times
- Activity enjoyment
- Social & family activities
- Woola activities
89
6 Good Governance - Political participation
- Government effectiveness
- Leadership performance
- Satisfaction with government
institutions
- Fairness and rights
- Media
- Transparency & trust
- Corruption
- Contributions
182
Survey Domain Summary
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Domain name Topics covered No. variables
7 Community Vitality - Migration
- Volunteering
- Donations
- Belonging
- Community trust
- Community vitality
- Family relationships
- Crime
- Community problems
109
8 Ecology - Ecological values
- Land development
- Quality of arable land
- Quality of forestry
- Soil protection
- Wild fires
- Water use/quality- Air quality
- Experience of ecological
change
- Waste
- Transportation use
- Energy use
214
Survey Domain Summary
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Domain name Topics covered No. variables
9 Living Standards - Income
- Financial security
- Debt
- Housing
- In-kind income
76
10 Agriculture - Agricultural trends
- Constraints to crops
- Fertiliser/Insecticide use
- Equipment owned
55
D2 Food - Types of food consumed 51
All 12 sections 1,492
Survey Domain Summary
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GNH Survey
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
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Survey Results
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
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1. Psychological Well-being
Life satisfaction
Satisfaction with health
Satisfaction with material circumstances
Satisfaction with work-life balance
Satisfaction with personal relationships
Subjective happiness
Not a ver
happ person
er happ
person
Survey question:
On a scale of one to ten, I consider myself
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0
10
20
30
40
50
Percent
er
r Poor Neit er oornor
oodGood Ver
ood
Qualit of life (scale1-5)
40%
41%
13%5%
1%
Satisfied
Fairl
satisfied
Not
er
satisfied
Dissatisfied
Don't know
Satisfactionwit aterial circumstances
0
5
10
15
20
Percent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Subjecti e appiness (scale1-10)
Quality of life
Subjecti e qualit of life
1. Psychological Well-being
Happiness
Subjecti e appiness (scale1-10)
Happiness
Causal factors for appiness
Life satisfaction
Satisfactionwit securit of
finances/li eli ood
66
44 4333 25 20 17 16 11
0
20
40
60
80
Percent
Financial securit
Good famil
Good
ealt
Resources for farmproduction
Access to basic facilities
Personal development/education
Faitand spiritual pursuits
Employment and job satisfaction
Good
overnanceandwelfare system
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56%34%
5%3%
1%
Satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Not very satisfied
Dissatisfied
Don't know
Satisfactionwit ealt
85%
10%5%
Normal well-being
Some mental distress
Severe mental distress
Mental ealt
63%
27%
6%
2%3%
Satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Not very satisfied
Dissatisfied
Don't know
Satisfactionwit occupations indaily life
87%
10%
2%0%
1%
Satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Not very satisfied
Dissatisfied
Don't know
Satisfactionwit personal relations ips
Life satisfaction
Satisfactionwit ealt
1. Psychological Well-being
Life satisfaction
Satisfactionwit relations ipwit
immediate family members
Life satisfaction
Satisfactionwit occupations
indaily life
Mental health
Mental ealt status
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19%
42%
23%
16%
Very stressful
Somewhat stressful
Not very stressful
Not at all stressful
Perceptionof stress
60%
36%
3%
1%
Very
Moderately
Not very
Not at all
Spirituality
Spirituality
Subjective level of spirituality
1. Psychological Well-being
Stress
Perceptionof stress
during last year
4%
96%
Yes
No
Considerationof suicideever before
Suicide
Considerationof suicideever
before in lifetime
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Emotional experience
Negative emotions
1. Psychological Well-being
Survey question:
During the past two weeks, how often have you experienced the following emotions?
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Anger
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Frustration
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Envy
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Guilt
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Selfishness
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Jealousy
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Pride
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Sadness
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1. Psychological Well-being
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Calmness
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Forgiveness
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Contentment
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Generosity
Never
Sometimes
ften
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Never
Sometimes
ften
Empathy/Compassion
Emotional experience
Positiveemotions
Survey question:
During the past two weeks, how often have you experienced the following emotions?
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
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9
55
24
5 3 3
0
20
40
60
Percent
None
1-5
days
6-12
day
s
13-20days
>20days
Don't
know
Cultural/Festival participation
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
2% 17%
81%
1%
Not important
Important
Very important
Don't know
Maintaining hutanese traditions
31%
51%
16%3%
Always
Sometimes
Never
No suchevent
Attendanceof festivals
85%
7%
3%4%
More concerned
Stayed the same
Less concerned
Don't know
Value changeofmaterial wealth
Identity
Importanceofmaintaining hutanese
traditions withinones everyday life
Cultural activities
Frequencyofattending thetshechu or
other major festival in ones dzongkhag
Values
Opinion on value change in the last few
years regarding material wealth of most
people in Bhutan
Cultural/Festival participation
Attendance of cultural activities
in a year
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2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
Values/
Principles in life
Survey question:
Please indicate the importance that you assign to each of the following principles
1%2%
28%
68%
0%
Self-development
1%1%
20%
78%
Family life
1%
2%
35%
62%
0%
Generosity
1%2%
26%
72%
Spiritual faith
1%10%
41%
48%
Material wealth
1%3%
32%
65%
Compassion
0%
1%
26%
72%
0%
Harmony at home/community
2%7%
34%55%
1%
Reciprocity
1%
0%
27%
71%
1%
Responsibility
Legend:
1%2%
35%
62%
0%
Not important
A little important
Important
Very important
Don't know
Generosity
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent
No
Yes
Storytelling to children
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent
No
Yes
Consultation of astrologer
1%5%
38%56%
More than once a week
Once or twice a month
On special occasions
Never
Traditional sports
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
45%
24%
12%
5%
14%
Significant changes
Moderate changes
Little changes
No change
Don't know
Changes due to modern architecture
Astrologer
Consultation oftsip for specific
occasions
Traditional sports
Frequency of playing archery
(only men)
Storytelling
Storytelling to children
Architecture
Opinion on result of change in architecture
of Bhutanese houses to modern buildings
in the lifestyle of Bhutanese
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60%
32%
8%
Yes
No
Don't know
Driglam Namzhapracticed yyouth
Etiquette
Properobservationandpracticeof
Driglam Namzha by the youth today
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
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77%
20%2%
2%
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Don't know
Student's opiniononapplicability
3. Education
73%
18%
4%5%
Satisfied
Neithernor
Dissatisfied
Don't know
Parent's satisfactionwitheducation system
79%
16%
5%
Satisfied
Neithernor
Dissatisfied
Student's satisfactionw/education system
Education quality
Students satisfactionwith current
education system
Education quality
Parents satisfactionwith current
education system
Education applicability
Student opinionon the
applicabilityofeducation
86%
7%4%4%
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Don't know
Parent's opiniononapplicability
Education applicability
Parent opinionon the
applicabilityofeducation
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3. Education
9%7%
15%
69%
2-3 full
At least 1 set
Parts of a few lozey
None at all
Ability to recite any traditional lozey
Traditional knowledge
Ability to recite any
traditional lozey
35%
65%
Yes
No
Knowledge of Dzongda/Drungpa name
Civic knowledge
Knowledge of name of one's
Dzongda/Drungpa
47%
38%
15%
College degree
Post graduation studies
Lower qualification
Student's aspiration for education level
School education
Students aspired education
level
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5
113
120
1622
14 16
1430
0 10 20 30Percent
Zorig chusum skills
WeavingPainting
CarpentryCarvingSculptureCastingBlacksmithingBambooworksGold-/SilversmithingEmbroideryMasonry
LeatherworksPapermaking
Traditional skillsPercentageof citizens having
basic skills in ZorigChusum
3. Education
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
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14%
27%59%
Poorphysical/mental health(0-16healthydays)
Moderatephysical/mental health(17-29healthydays)
Excellent physical/mental health(30healthydays)
Healthydays (of last 30days)
4. Health
23%
60%
17%
Excellent/Very good
Good
Fair/Poor
Subjectivehealth status
Self-rated health
Subjectivehealth status
56%34%
5%3%
1%
Satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Not very satisfied
Dissatisfied
Don't know
Health satisfaction
Health satisfaction
Health satisfaction
14%
12%
12%
12%
50%
Hypertension/High bloodpressure
Arthritis/ heumatism
Back orneck problem
Eye/Visionproblem
OtherorDon't know
Majorhealthproblems of ill people
Diseases/Illnesses
Majorhealthproblems of ill people
Functional health
Healthy/unhealthydays out of
the last 30days
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17%
83%
Yes
No
Long term disabilities ( 6 months)
4. Health
Long term disabilities
Long term disabilities ( 6 months)
Life expectancy
Life expectancy 66.10 years
Disability adjusted 60.95 years
life-expectancy
Happy life years 45.81 years
6%
67%
22%
5%
nderweight
Healthy weight
Overweight
Obese
Body Mass Index
Body Mass Index
Body Mass Index
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50
9
4
7
4
5
11
10
0 20 40 60
Percent
Never
Less thanonceamonth
Onceamonth
2-3 times amonth
Onceaweek
Twiceaweek
3-4 times aweek
Everyday
Frequencyofalcohol consumption3%1%
16%
79%
Daily
Occasionally
>1yearago
Never
Smoking frequency
Alcohol
Frequencyofalcohol consumption in the
past 12months
Smoking
Current smoking
4. Health
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73%
15%
6%7%
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Don't know
Quality of medical staff
35%
35%
25%
4%
3 hours
Distance to nearest healthcare
32%
22%
20%
9%
7%
10%
Hospital
BHU
Tsip
Lama
Choep
Other
First contact in case of health problems
Health system
First contact in case of health problems
Health System
Distance to nearest healthcare
Health system
Quality of medical staff
4. Health
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
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3727
1322
00
20
40
60
Percent
Few
times
per
wee
k
Few
times
am
onth
Onc
ea
mon
th
Not
inlast
mon
th
Don't
kno
w
Socializing with friends
59
912 10 10
0
20
40
60
Percent
Never 100 h
Volunteer hours
5. Time Use and Balance
5%
32%
12%11%
20%
18%
1%Everyday
Few times a week
Once a week
Once a month
Few times a year
Never
Don't know
Frequency of feeling rushed
32%
39%
26%
3%
More rushed
About the same
Less rushed
Don't know
Increase of feeling to be rushed
Stress of overload
Frequency of feeling rushed
Stress of overload
Increase of feeling to be rushed
compared to two, three years ago
Volunteering
Volunteer hours in the past year
Socializing
Socializing with friends in the last
month
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34%
47%
7%
5%4%
1%
1%
Life-work balance
34%
47%
7%5%4%1%1%
Work
Personal care (incl. sleeping)
Sports/leisure/media
Social/cultural activities
eligious activities
Education/learining
Communityparticipation
Life-work balance
5. Time Use and Balance
Life-work balance
Balancebetweenpaidwork, unpaidwork, and free
time (Percent ofall activities duringanaverageday)
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
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71%
9%
20%
Trust
Distrust
Don't know
Trust in courts
75%
3%
21%
Trust
Distrust
Don't know
Trust in central ministries
6. Good Governance
55%
15%
30%Common
Not common
Don't know
Opiniononexistenceof corruption
Corruption
Opiniononexistenceof corruption
Perception of central ministries
Trust in central ministries
Perception of judiciary
Trust in courts
48%
14%
38% Independent
Not independent
Don't know
Opinionon independenceof courts
Perception of judiciary
Opinionon independenceof
courts
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11
47
21
9 83
0
20
40
6
0
Percent
Non
e
1-5
days
6-12
day
s
13-2
0da
ys
>20
days
Don't
kno
w
Time devoted to decision making
63%3%
34%Trust
Distrust
Don't know
Trust in media
6. Good Governance
70%
30%
Yes
No
Attendance of zomdue
Political participation
Attendance ofzomdue in past 12
months
39%
26%
36% Independent
Not independent
Don't know
Opinion on independence of media
Perception of media
Opinion on independence of media
Perception of media
Trust in media
Political participation
Average number of days attending
meetings
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25
30
45
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Don't know
No
Yes
Freedom from discrimination
11
28
61
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Don't know
No
Yes
Freedom of speech
Fundamental rights
Freedom of speech
Fundamental rights
Freedom of discrimination
6. Good Governance
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
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92
5
3
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent
Yes
Neutral
No
Family care
47%
19%
35%Always safe
Usually safe
Rarely safe
Community safety
2
3
22
73
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Don't know
Weak
Somewhat strong
Very strong
Senseofbelonging to local community
3%
97%
Yes
No
Victimof crime
Community safety
Victimof crime during the last
twelvemonths
Belonging
Senseofbelonging to local
community
Community safety
Perceptionof safety in community
Family care
Do family care foreachother?
7. Community Vitality
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2
6
14
45
33
0 20 40 60
Percent
Don't know
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Always
Helpfulness of neighbours
7%
38%53%
2%
None of the time
Some of the time
Most/All of the time
Don't know
Support available
25%
71%
4%
People can be trusted
Need to be careful
Don't know
General trust
7. Community Vitality
34%
25%
28%
12%2%
Trust most of them
Trust some of them
Trust a few of them
Trust none of them
Don't know
Sense of trust for neighbors
Trust
Sense of trust in neighbours
Trust
Sense of trust in other people
Social support
Someone to help when you
have problems
Social support
Helpfulness of neighbours
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14%
24%
9%29%
24%
All
Most
About half
A few
None
Numberof relatives in same community
42%
58%
Yes
No
Participation involunteering
Civic engagement
Participation involunteering during
last 12months
Family proximity
Numberof relatives living in same
community
7. Community Vitality
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
8 E l i l Di it d R ili
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8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
52%42%
6%
Yes
No
Don't know
Increasedproductionofwaste
31%
53%
16%
Yes
No
Don't know
Change inbiodiversity in last 5years
19%
79%
3%
Yes
No
Don't know
Airpollution inone's area
7
3
6
8
14
26
73
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Wastedisposal
CompostingandburningMunicipal garbagepickup
Taken to landfill
Dumped in forest
Dumpedonopen land
Dumped in rivers/streams
Other
Air quality
Airpollution inone's area
Biodiversity
Noticeof change inbiodiversity in
last fiveyears
Waste
Increasedproductionofwaste
compared toprevious year
Waste
Wastedisposal during last 12months
8 E l i l Di it d R ili
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8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
91%
7%2%
Satisfied
Not satisfied
Don't know
Satisfactionwith stateof forest
89%
11%1%
Satisfied
Not satisfied
Don't know
Satisfactionwithwaterquality
13%
83%
5%
Yes
No
Don't know
Unusual flooding inpast fiveyears
Water quality
Satisfactionwithwaterquality
Forest quality
Satisfactionwith stateof forest
inone's area
Soil conditions
Unusual floodingduring thepast
fiveyears
A d
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
9 Li i St d d
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4
5
7
6
78
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Debt >200% of income
Debt 101-200% of income
Debt 50-100% of income
Debt
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4336
11 10
0
20
40
60
Percent
0-1
pers
ons/roo
m
1-2
pers
ons/roo
m
2-3
pers
ons/roo
m
>3per
sons
/roo
m
Room ratio
3%
97%
Yes
No
Necessity to cut or skip meal
Food security
Necessity to cut the size of meal or
skip meal due to food shortage or lack
of money in the past 12 months
Room ratio
Number of persons per room
9. Living Standards
Agenda
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Agenda
1. Psychological Well-being
2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience
3. Education
4. Health
5. Time Use and Balance
6. Good Governance
7. Community Vitality
8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience
9. Living Standards
10. Agriculture
GNH Domains
10 Agriculture
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39
50
3
8
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Manure only
Both
Chemical only
Neither
Use of fertilizer
10
13
66
11
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Not applicable
Decreased
Stayed the same
Increased
Number of acres planted
7
12
26
55
0 20 40 60 80
Percent
Not applicable
Decreased
Stayed the same
Increased
Cash income from agriculture
Fertilizer
Use of fertilizer
Acres planted
Change in planted acres
Cash income
Change in cash income
10. Agriculture
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AGGREGATIONAGGREGATIONMETHODSMETHODS
GNH Index Pyramid
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Indicators
GNH Index Pyramid
CompositeIndex
GNH INDEX
ClusterIndices
Ind.1 Ind.2 Ind.3
e.g. Trust in media
Cluster Index 1
e.g. Trust
Ind.1 Ind.2 Ind.3 Ind.4
Cluster Index 2
Design & Aggregation Methods of GNH Indices
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Design & Aggregation Methods of GNH-Indices
x = Basic index = (x-xmin/xmax-xmin)
x = Basic index adjusted for distribution = (x-xmin/xmax-xmin) (1-k)
xc = Intermediate index aggregated at the cluster level = x1+x2++xn = x/n
Arithmetic mean based on principle of equal weight of x
Alternatively,
xCI = w1xC1+w2xC2++wnxCn = wCxC/n
Weighted mean, where weights are based on some system of preference.
Aggregation requires unweighted or weighted cluster indicators.
Stock and flow variables
Mostly ordinal data in ranges
Re-scaled or transformed into 0 to 1 values
Re-scaling of Indicators
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Re-scaling of Indicators
Daily Weekly Occasionally Not at all
1 2 3 4
6.6% 1.1% 7.2% 85.1%
Re-scaling codes from 0 to 1
(with 1 as most positive value)
Daily Weekly Occasionally Not at all
1 0.66 0.33 0
0.10
Rescaled
meanCalculate re-scaled mean as
comparable indicator value
Codes used for
data storage1
2
3
Survey question:
Do you practice meditation
1 0.066 0.66 0.011 0.33 0.072 0 0.851 =+ + +
Inequality measurement
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0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1
0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1
Inequality measurement
D=0.29
Percent of population
Distribution coefficient
Percent of totalsum of income
D=0.83
Percent of totalsum of income
Percent of population
Example: Inequality of income distribution
Policymakers can increase the GNH index scoreby more equally distributing any service (i.e. income)
as measured by any single indicator in a cluster index.
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CLUSTER INDICESCLUSTER INDICES
GNH Cluster Indices
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GNH Cluster Indices
Cluster Index Indicators Rescaled
mean
Distribution
coefficient
Indicator
score
Happiness
Happiness 0.66 0.80 0.5
3
Mental Health GHQ 0.70 0.89 0.62
Emotional Balance Compassion 0.63 0.76 0.48
Calmness 0.55 0.72 0.40
Frustration 0.67 0.79 0.53
Selfishness 0.86 0.87 0.75
0.54
Spirituality Self-reported 0.84 0.88 0.74
Prayers 0.67 0.71 0.48
Meditation 0.10 0.11 0.01
Karma 0.80 0.84 0.67
Killing 0.89 0.90 0.80
0.54
Culture Importance of tradition 0.90 0.91 0.82
Participation in local festival 0.34 0.69 0.23
Local religious sites 0.37 0.86 0.32
orig Chusum 0.09 0.42 0.04
0.35
GNH Cluster Indices
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GNH Cluster Indices
Cluster Index Indicators Rescaled
mean
Distribution
coefficient
Indicator
score
Human Rights Freedom from discrimination 0.57 0.60 0.34Freedom of speech 0.67 0.67 0.45
Right to form association 0.72 0.77 0.55
Equal pay for equal work 0.81 0.82 0.66
0.56
Trust Trust in central ministries 0.96 0.96 0.92
Trust in courts 0.88 0.88 0.77
Trust in media 0.95 0.95 0.90
Trust in neighbours 0.61 0.68 0.41
0.75
Social Support Family relationship index 0.90 0.93 0.84
Proximity of relatives 0.44 0.55 0.24
Help available in time of need 0.73 0.79 0.58
0.55
GNH Cluster Indices
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GNH Cluster Indices
Cluster Index Indicators Rescaled
mean
Distribution
coefficient
Indicator
score
Income 0.50Ecology Perceived local air quality 0.93 0.93 0.86
Perceived local water quality 0.89 0.89 0.79
Perceived local land degradation 0.78 0.78 0.61
0.76
Health Life expectancy 0.69 N/A 0.69
Healthy days 0.83 0.84 0.70Body Mass Index 0.79 0.81 0.64
0.68
Sample Indicators Happiness
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Sample Indicators Happiness
Subjective happiness
0
5
1
0
15
20
Pe
rcent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Subjective happiness (scale 1-10)Subjective happiness (scale 1-10)
Happiness score
Subjective happiness 0.54Cluster Index 0.66 0.88=
Distributioncoefficient
Rescaledmean
=
Sample Indicators Mental Health
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Sample Indicators Mental Health
12 Mental health questions
In the last four weeks
1. Been able to concentrate
2. Lost sleep over worry
3. Felt you were useful
4. Capable of making decisions5. Constantly under strain
6. Could not overcome diffculties
7. Able to enjoy daily activities
8. Able to face up to problems
9. Unhappy and depressed
10. Losing confidence in yourself
11. Thinking of self as worthless person
12. Feeling reasonably happy
Sample Indicators Emotional Balance
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Sample Indicators Emotional Balance
1. Compassion
Often 34.8%
Sometimes 56.9%
Never 8.3%
3. Frustration 4. Selfishness
2. Calmness
Often 23.9%
Sometimes 61.8%
Never 14.4%
Often 4.9%
Sometimes 55.6%
Never 39.5%
Often 2.3%
Sometimes 23.9%
Never 73.9%
Cluster Index Emotional Balance
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C uste de ot o a a a ce
Emotional Balance 0.54
0.63 0.76Compassion
0.48
Cluster Index
Indicators
Calmness
Frustration
0.40
0.53
0.55 0.72
0.67 0.79
=
=
=
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
Selfishness
=
=
=
=
0.750.86 0.87 =
Sample Indicators Spirituality
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p p y
1. Self-reported spirituality
Very 59.6%
Moderately 36.1%
Not very 3.2%
Not at all 1.2%
3. Frequency of meditation
Daily 6.6%
Weekly 1.1%
Occasionally 7.2%
Not at all 85.1%
4. Consideration ofkarma
Always 59.6%
Sometimes 36.1%
Rarely 3.2%
Never 1.2%
2. Frequency of prayers
Daily 53.5%
Weekly 4.7%
Occasionally 31.1%
Not at all 10.8%
Sample Indicators Spirituality
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p p y
5. Attitudes to taking life
Can never be
justified
79.7%
Can sometimes
be justified
18.2%
Can always be
justified
2.1%
Cluster Index Spirituality
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p y
Spirituality 0.54
0.84 0.88Self-reportedspirituality
0.74
Cluster Index
Indicators
Frequency of
praying
Frequency ofmeditation
0.48
0.01
0.67 0.71
0.10 0.11
=
=
=
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
Consideration of
karma
Attitudes to taking life
=
=
=
=
=
0.67
0.80
0.80 0.84
0.89 0.90
=
=
Sample Indicators Culture
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p
1. Importance of traditions
Very important 81.3%
Important 17.0%
Not important 1.7%
3. Frequency of visiting local
sites of spiritual significance
Daily 4.6%
Weekly 3.5%
Occasionally 88.8%
Not at all 3.2%
4. Number ofzorig chusum
skills per person
3 or more skills 11.7%
2 skills 14.8%
1 skill 36.2%
No skills 37.3%
2. Frequency of attending cul-
tural/social activities in a year
> 20 days 3.6%
13-20 days 5.7%
6-12 days 24.7%
1-5 days 56.6%
None 9.5%
Cluster Index Culture
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Culture 0.35
0.90 0.91Importance of traditions
0.82
Cluster Index
Indicators
Frequency of attending
cultural/social activities
Frequency of visiting localsites of spiritual significance
0.23
0.32
0.34 0.69
0.37 0.86
=
=
=
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
Number ofzorig chusum
skills per person
=
=
=
=
0.040.09 0.42 =
Sample Indicators Human Rights
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1. Freedom from discrimination
Yes 44.9%
Dont know 24.9%
No 30.2%
3. Right to form association
Yes 54.5%
Dont know 35.6%
No 10.0%
4. Equal pay for equal work
Yes 70.7%
Dont know 20.0%
No 9.3%
2. Freedom of speech
Yes 61.3%
Dont know 10.9%
No 27.8%
Cluster Index Human Rights
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Human Rights 0.56
0.57 0.60 0.34
Cluster Index
0.45
0.55
0.67 0.67
0.72 0.77
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
=
=
=
0.660.81 0.82 =
Freedom fromdiscrimination
Indicators
Freedom of speech
Right to formassociation
=
=
=Equal pay for equal
work
=
Sample Indicators Trust
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1. Trust in central ministries
Trust 95.8%
Distrust 4.2%
3. Trust in media
Trust 94.9%
Distrust 5.1%
4. Trust in neighbours
Trust most 34.4%
Trust some 25.1%
Trust a few 28.3%
Trust none 12.2%
2. Trust in courts
Trust 88.4%
Distrust 11.%
Cluster Index Trust
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Trust 0.75
0.96 0.96 0.92
Cluster Index
0.77
0.90
0.88 0.88
0.95 0.95
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
=
=
=
0.410.61 0.68 =
Trust in centralministries
Indicators
Trust in courts
Trust in media
=
=
=Trust in neighbours
=
Sample Indicators Social Support
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1. Family relationship index
(7 questions)
3. Help available in time of
need
Most of the time 53.8%
Some of the time 39.2%
None of the time 7.0%
2. Number of relatives living in
the same community*
All 14.4%
Most 23.6%
About half 9.2%
A few 29.3%
None 23.6%
*with whom you had contact
in the past month
1. The members of your family
really care about each other
2. You wish you were not part of
your family
3. Members of your family argue
too much
4. You feel like a stranger in your
family
5. You have enough time to spend
with your family
6. There is a lot of understandingin your family
7. Your family is a real source of
comfort
Cluster Index Social Support
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Social Support 0.55
0.90 0.93 0.84
Cluster Index
0.24
0.58
0.44 0.55
0.73 0.79
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
=
=
=
Family relationship index
Indicators
Number of relatives living
in the same community
Help available in timeof need
=
=
=
Sample Indicators Education
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1. Adult literacy*
Adult literacy rate 54.0%
3. Applicability of education to
daily life
Agree 84.4%
Neutral 12.7%
Disagree 2.9%
2. Combined primary, secon-
dary, tertiary enrolment*
Enrolment rate 63.0%
* data from Bhutan National Human
Development Report2005
* data from Bhutan National Human
Development Report2005
Cluster Index Education
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Education 0.67
0.54 N/A 0.54
Cluster Index
0.63
0.83
0.63 N/A
0.91 0.91
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
=
=
=
=
=
=
Adult literacy
Indicators
Combined primary,
secondary, tertiary enrolment
Applicability of educationto daily life
Sample Indicators Income
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Income*
Purchasing Power
Parity 2,060 USD
* data from Bhutan National Human
Development Report2005
Income 0.50Cluster Index 0.50=
Rescaledmean (logged)
=
Sample Indicators Ecology
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1. Perceived local air quality
Satisfied 92.9%
Not satisfied 7.1%
3. Perceived local land
degradation
No 77.5%
Yes 22.5%
2. Perceived local water quality
Satisfied 89.3%
Not satisfied 10.7%
Cluster Index Ecology
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Ecology 0.76
0.93 0.93 0.86
Cluster Index
0.79
0.61
0.89 0.89
0.78 0.78
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
=
=
=
Perceived local airquality
Indicators
Perceived local
water quality
Perceived local landdegradation
=
=
=
Sample Indicators Health
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1. Life-expectancy*
Life-expectancy 66.1 years
3. Body Mass Index
Healthy weight 67.3%
Underweight 6.5%
Overweight 21.7%
Obese 4.5%
2. Healthy days (out of last 30)
Excellent
physical/mental health
(30 healthy days)
59.1%
Moderate
physical/mental health
(17-29 healthy days)
26.6%
Poor physical/mental
health
(0-16 healthy days)
14.3%
* data fromAnnual Health
Bulletin 2006
Cluster Index Health
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Health 0.68
0.69 N/A 0.69
Cluster Index
0.70
0.64
0.83 0.84
0.79 0.81
Distribution
coefficient
Rescaled
mean
=
=
=
Life-expectancyIndicators
Healthy days
Body Mass Index
=
=
=
Specifications of GNH Index
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Methods of selecting, normalising, and
weighting indicators for the GNH Index
No. of indicators: 35
No. of cluster indices: 12
Normalisation method: Re-scaling (0-1)
Weighting method: Equal weighting
Specifications ofGNH Index:
- Gives meaningful information about
the development of Bhutan
- Can be summarized in a single
number
- Can influence and be influenced by
policy making
Selection criteria per indicator:
GNH Index
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Composite
Index
Subj.Happiness
Cluster
Indices
0.53
Mental Health 0.62
Emotional Balance 0.54
Spirituality 0.54
Trust 0.75
Education 0.67
Income 0.50
Social Support 0.55
Culture 0.35
Human Rights 0.56
Ecology 0.76
Health 0.68
SAMPLE GNH INDEX 7.04=
Presentation of GNH Index
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0
.
.
008 2009 2010 2011
Cultur l r ili
rust
i i st r
iritualit
GNH I x
Cultural
r sili
rust
I om
iritualit
Applications of GNH Indices
8/8/2019 10rtm Gnh Indices_update
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Setting an alternative framework of development for govt.
and people
Providing indicators to sectors to guide development
Allocating resources in accordance with the targets and GNH
screening tools
Measuring the level of happiness and well-being of Bhutan
and any sub-groups within Bhutan at a given point in time
Measuring progress through time
Measuring progress for cross country comparisons