1/04/12 The Human Body

Objective: To learn the systems of the body, their functions, and how they are related

Bell work: Let’s see how much you know about your systems!

Then, a quick pre-assessment to see what you know about the 11 systems of the body!

What do you know?You have 10 minutes to complete the Human Body Pre-Assessment on the front of your INB sheet by matching the body system with its function. If you finish before time is up, move on to the Medical Jargon sheet. “Jar-WHAT?!?!?” Look at the sheet and try to infer what the word “jargon” means.Using the terminology on the left, try to determine the meaning of the words on the right. Then match the term with its correct meaning.

1/6/12 The Largest Organ: SKIN! Objective: To learn the structure and function of the Integumentary System.Bell Work: Put the terms in the correct order from most simple to most complex:

SKINOIL GLAND

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMEPIDERMAL CELL

Made up of the skin, hair, and

nails

Skin has four main functions

1. Protection - forms a protective covering over the body

a. Prevents infection and water loss

2. Help us sense our environment- touch

3. Formation of Vitamin D

4. Regulation of body temperaturea. Blood vessels in skin help release/hold heat

b. Perspiration or sweating to keep cool and shivering to keep warm

1. Epidermis - the outer, thinnest layer

a. Outermost cells are dead and rub off

b. New cells are constantly made at the base/bottom of the epidermis.

c. Cells produce melanin - pigment that protects your skin and gives it color

Your skin is the largest organ of your body.

Skin is made up of three layers of tissue:

2. Dermis - the middle layer

a. Contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, muscles, oil, sweat glands, and other structures.

3. Fatty layer - covers and insulates the body

Skin Cross-section

1/07/12 The Muscular System

Objective: To learn the structure and function of the muscular systemBell Work: Put the terms in the correct order from most simple to most complex:

SKELETAL MUSCLESTRIATED MUSCLE CELL

MUSCULAR SYSTEMBICEP

Now, the Muscular System…Muscle - an organ that can relax and contract,

which moves your body.

1. Voluntary muscles - muscles you can control (bicep)

2. Involuntary muscles - muscles you cannot control (heart)

There are three types of muscle tissue1.Skeletal muscles move bones

a.Tendons connect muscle to boneb.Voluntaryc.Contract quickly and tire more easilyd.Look striped or striatedDraw & Label the striated muscle in the circle on your paper

2. Smooth Muscles - found in digestive tract and blood vessels

a.Involuntary

b.Ex: Muscles in the stomachDraw & Label the smooth muscle in the circle

on your paper

3. Cardiac Musclea. Found only in the heartb. Is striated (striped)c. Involuntary

Draw and Label the cardiac muscle in the circle on your paper

You move because pairs of muscles work together

1.When one muscle of a pair contracts, the other relaxes

2.Muscles always pull

3.Blood carries energy-rich nutrients to the muscles so they can do their work.

1/08/12 Dem Crazy Bones! Objective: To learn the function and structure of the skeletal system.Bell Work: Put the terms in the correct order from most simple to most complex (use your root words for the ones you don’t know!)

MARROWSKULL

SKELETAL SYSTEMOSTEOCYTE

Bones of the Skeleton (left side)

1. Cranium (skull)2. Frontal (forehead)3. Mandible (jaw)4. Cervical Vertebrae (neck - 6)5. Thoracic Vertebrae (vertebrae with ribs – 12)6. Xiphoid Process7. Lumbar Vertebrae (lower back – 5)8. Illium (hipbone)9. Sacrum10. Coccyx (tailbone)11. Ischium (buttbone) 12. True ribs (directly attached to sternum)13. False ribs (attached to sternum by cartilage)14. Floating ribs (not attached at all)15. Intercostal cartilage

Bones of the Skeleton (right side)

16. Nasal bone17. Ocular Orbit (eye socket)18. Maxilla (upper jaw)• Clavicle (collar bone)• Scapula (shoulder blade)• Sternum (breast bone)• Humerus (upper arm)• Radius (closest to the thumb)• Ulna (furthest from thumb) “Ulna you didn’t!”• Carpals (wrist bones)• Metacarpals (palm of hand)• Phalanges (fingers)• Femur (thigh bone)• Patella (knee cap)• Tibia (shin bone)• Fibula (I told a “little fib”ula)• Calcaneous (heel bone)• Tarsals (ankle bones)• Metatarsals (sole of foot)• Phalanges (toes)

The Skeletal SystemAll the bones in your body make up your

skeletal system - has five major functions

1. Shapes and supports body2. Protects organs3. Movement4. Blood cells are made in bone marrow 5. Stores calcium and phosphorus

Bone Structure1. Periostium - soft thin substance that covers

and protects the bone2. Compact bone – tough, hard bone that can

heal itself when broken3. Spongy bone – contains red marrow which

makes red blood cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the day

4. Marrow – soft, inner center of bones containing blood vessels and fat cells. Manufactures blood cells

Your skeleton begins as cartilage, which is gradually broken down and

replaced with bone which is why babies

have more bones (300) than adults (which have 206).

Introduction to Joints

Joint - any place where two or more bones come together

• Cartilage - rubbery tissue that cushions bones , located at joints

• Ligament – attaches bone to bone

Types of Joints1. Fixed joint

a. Allows little movement ex: joints of the bones

in your skull

2. Pivot Joint

a. One bone rotates around another boneex: turning your head

3. Ball-and-socket joint

a. The ball end of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone.

ex: Shoulder joint

4. Hinge joint

a. Back and forth

ex: knee

5. Sliding joint

a. One part of a bone slides over another bone.

ex: Hand bone (bones in your palm)