10/30 & 10/31- 8th Grade Agenda

Learning Objective: Learn about Radioactive ElementsCollect Hw: Reading & Notetaking p.81 & 82Class Reading p.158 – 163Chap 4 Study GuideHw: Reading & Notetaking: p.84 – 85Reminder: Chap 4 Test on 11/4Reminder: Elemental Super Hero Project Due:11/13 (15 Points)

Daily Reflection• Prompt: Write 3 questions that you have

about Radioactive Elements?

Nonmetals• Many of the nonmetals

are gases at room temperature (Low boiling points)

• Nitrogen• Oxygen• Carbon• Iodine

What are Nonmetals Properties?

• Dull• Brittle (not malleable and not ductile)• Lower density than metals• Poor conductors of heat and electricity• More than half are gases at room

temperature

Sharing Electrons• When nonmetals and

metals react, electrons move from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.

Group 15 - Nitrogen Family• Nitrogen and Phosphorus are

nonmetal• Shares 3 electrons in

chemical reactions• Atmosphere is 80% Nitrogen• Nitrogen used in Fertilizer• Phosphorus is used in

matches

Group 16 - Oxygen Family• Shares 2 electrons in

chemical reactions• Oxygen and Sulfur are

nonmetal• Oxygen is very reactive and

combine with almost every other element

• Sulfur has a rotten egg smell and is found in rubber.

Group 17 - Halogen Family• Halogen means “Salt Forming”• Halogens are very reactive and

when uncombined, dangerous to humans

• Shares 1 electron in chemical reactions

• Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine• Fluorine is found in nonstick

cookware and in tooth paste• Chlorine is found in table salt• Bromine is used in photographic

film

Group 18 – Noble (Inert) Gases• Does not react with other

atoms • Known as “Noble” gases

because they do not mix with other elements

• Helium are used in balloons• Neon are used to light signs

Hydrogen• One Proton and One

electron• 90% of atoms in the

universe are hydrogen• Hydrogen differ very

much from other elements and cannot be grouped into a family

What are Semimetals?• Metalloids have some of the

characteristics of metals and some of the characteristics of non-metal

• Silicon combines with oxygen to form sand, glass and cement

• Boron is used in some cleaning solutions

• Metalloid conducts electricity depending on temperature, exposure to light (useful in making computer chip)

What are Diatomic Molecules ?

• When molecules contain only two atoms they are called diatomic molecules

• O2 and H2 are examples

What is Plasma?• At the extreme

temperatures found in the sun and other stars, matter does not exist as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Instead, it exists in a state called plasma.

• Atoms are stripped of their electrons and nuclei are packed close together

What is Nuclear Fusion?• Atomic Nuclei combine to form a larger

nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy in the process

What is Nuclear Fusion?• Inside of a star,

hydrogen combine to from helium

• Also used in Hydrogen Bombs

• E = mc2

What is a Supernova?• Elements heavier than

iron is produced when the most massive star explode in a supernova explosion

• Everything in the universe including yourself is made from star dust

What is Radioactive Decay?• The process of atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes releasing fast

moving particles and energy.

• Particles and energy produce during radioactive decay are forms of nuclear radiation

Alpha Decay• 2 protons and 2

neutrons are lost

Beta Decay• Neutrons breaks up

into a electron and proton.

• Electron (Beta Particle) is given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay

Gamma Decay• Most energetic form

of light (Invisible to us) is given off during radioactive decay