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10/22 Focus The Chinese Civilization developed in the Huang He and Yangtze river valleys Geography isolated the Chinese culture more than it did other civilizations Do Now What was the Neolithic Revolution? Why did people settle in river valleys?. River Valley Civilizations. China. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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• 10/23 Focus– The Chinese Civilization developed in
the Huang He and Yangtze river valleys
– Geography isolated the Chinese culture more than it did other civilizations
• Important Terms: • Isolation, Ethnocentrism
• Do Now– What was the Neolithic Revolution?– Why did people settle in river
valleys?
River Valley Civilizations
China
•
Neolithic Revolution in China
• Farming in China first appears in the Huang He River Valley
• Favorable geographic conditions allowed for the development of civilization
Geography
• Major Geographic Influences– Mountains– Deserts – River
Valleys– Plains
Mountains
• High mountains served a barrier to the movement of people
• Himalayas in the West– separate China
from India
Deserts
• Gobi Desert– Large desert in
the North – Forms a barrier
between China and Mongolia
– Very Rocky; few sand dunes
Deserts
• Taklamakan Desert– Western China– Very difficult to
cross•Taklamakan
meant “Go in and you won’t come out”
•“Sea of Death”
•
Effect of Natural Barriers• Mountains and deserts in China:
– protection from invasions in the west– Isolation
•Chinese civilizations developed without outside influences
•Limited cultural diffusion
– Ethnocentrism •The belief in the superiority of one’s race
or ethnic group•Chinese believed that people outside of
their world were inferior •Chinese viewed outsiders as barbarians
River Valleys• The Huang He (Yellow River)
– Flows to the east from Tibetan Plateau
– Located in Northern China– Loess
•Fine, dusty desert soil•Carried by winds and
deposited in the river•Deposited by annual
flooding •Created fertile flood plains
– Flooding was unpredictable and could be very destructive
River Valleys• Yangtze
(Chang Jiang)– Flows east
from Tibetan Plateau
– Located in southern China
– Warm climate with abundant rainfall
Plains• Importance of fertile
plains– Only 11% of land in
China can be farmed– 90% of farming occurs
on plains between Huang He and Yangtze rivers
– Most people live near the plains and in eastern China (along coast)
Closure
• Identify the two major natural barriers that influenced the development of Chinese civilization.
• How did these barriers influence the Chinese view of themselves and other groups?
Review
• China is isolated by its geography. • This leads to Ethnocentrism – they
thought that they were better than other people
• This is why they called themselves the Middle Kingdom and considered others to be barbarians.
The Shang Dynasty• 1650 B.C.• Shang gain
control of N. China
• Government– Ruled by Kings– Establish first
dynasty• A ruling family
The Shang Dynasty• Religion
– Polytheistic – Worshiped ancestors – Used oracle bones to try
to communicate with them•Bones inscribed with
pictographs•Priests could read them for
messages from ancestors
– Offered ancestors gifts for the afterlife
The Shang Dynasty• written language
– used pictograms • symbols that represent
pictures
– Ideograms • symbols that represent
ideas.
• used on the Oracle Bones, but only few people learned how to read and write
The Shang Dynasty
• Early class systems • small warrior class ruling over the
peasants• Patriarchal Society
• Male dominated
The Shang Dynasty
• Technology/Achievements/Developments:– Bronze production for weapons and
ceremonial vessels (not tools)– Army had horse drawn chariots– Silk production
– Irrigation systems