10.12 10.12 신속조형기술신속조형기술 , , 신속금형기술신속금형기술

Processing of Processing of RP PartsRP Parts

FIGURE 10.46 The computational steps involved in producing a stereolithography file. (a) Three-dimensional description of the part. (b) The part is divided into slices. (Only 1 in 10 is shown.) (c) Support material is planned. (d) A set of tool directions is determined for manufacturing each slice. Shown is the extruder path at section A-A from (c), for a fused-deposition modeling operation.

Rapid Prototyping Rapid Prototyping ProcessesProcesses

TABLE 10.7 Characteristics of rapid-prototyping processes.

RP RP MaterialsMaterials

TABLE 10.8 Mechanical properties of selected materials for rapid prototyping.

Stereolithography and FDMStereolithography and FDM(fused deposition modeling, (fused deposition modeling, 융해용착모델링융해용착모델링 ))

FIGURE 10.47 Schematic illustration of the stereolithography process. Source: Courtesy of 3D Systems.

FIGURE 10.48 (a) Schematic illustration of the fused-deposition modeling process. (b) The FDM Vantage X rapid prototyping machine. Source: Courtesy of Stratasys, Inc.

Support StructuresSupport Structures

FIGURE 10.49 (a) A part with a protruding section that requires support material. (b) Common support structures used in rapid-prototyping machines. Source: After P.F. Jacobs.

Selective Laser Selective Laser SinteringSintering

FIGURE 10.50 Schematic illustration of the selective-laser-sintering process. Source: After C. Deckard and P.F. McClure.

Three-Dimensional Three-Dimensional PrintingPrinting

FIGURE 10.51 Schematic illustration of the three-dimensional-printing process. Source: After E. Sachs and M. Cima.

FIGURE 10.52 (a) Examples of parts produced through three-dimensional printing. Full color parts also are possible, and the colors can be blended throughout the volume. Source: Courtesy ZCorp, Inc.

3D Printing of Metal 3D Printing of Metal PartsParts

FIGURE 10.53 The three-dimensional printing process: (a) part build; (b) sintering, and (c) infiltration steps to produce metal parts. Source: Courtesy of the ProMetal Division of Ex One Corporation.

Rapid Manufacturing: Investment CastingRapid Manufacturing: Investment Casting

FIGURE 10.54 Manufacturing steps for investment casting that uses rapid-prototyped wax parts as patterns. This approach uses a flask for the investment, but a shell method can also be used. Source: 3D Systems, Inc.

Sprayed Metal Tooling ProcessSprayed Metal Tooling Process

FIGURE 10.55 Production of tooling for injection molding by the sprayed-metal tooling process. (a) A pattern and base plate are prepared through a rapid-prototyping operation; (b) a zinc-aluminum alloy is sprayed onto the pattern (See Section 4.5.1); (c) the coated base plate and pattern assembly is placed in a flask and back-filled with aluminum-impregnated epoxy; (d) after curing, the base plate is removed from the finished mold; and (e) a second mold half suitable for injection molding is prepared.

Example: RP Injection ManifoldExample: RP Injection Manifold

FIGURE 10.56 Rapid prototyped model of an injection-manifold design, produced through stereolithography. Source: 3D Systems.

Case Study: Invisalign Case Study: Invisalign Orthodontic AlignersOrthodontic Aligners

FIGURE 10.58 (a) An aligner for orthodontic use, manufactured using a combination of rapid tooling and thermoforming; (b) comparison of conventional orthodontic braces to the use of transparent aligners. Source: Courtesy Align Technologies, Inc.

FIGURE 10.59 Manufacturing sequence for Invisalign orthodontic aligners. (a) Creation of a polymer impression of the patient's teeth; (b) computer modeling to produce CAD representations of desired tooth profiles; (c) production of incremental models of desired tooth movement. An aligner is produced by thermoforming a transparent plastic sheet against this model. Source: Courtesy Align Technologies, Inc.