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101 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MUSIC & LEARNING* *HYPERBOLE. Dr. Jo Ann Cohen. Gerald Evans. Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania. MUSIC MAKES YOU SMARTER. INCREASES I.Q. 7 TO 15 POINTS RESULTS IN POSITIVE CHANGES TO THE BRAIN. PET SCAN - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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101 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MUSIC & LEARNING*
*HYPERBOLE
1
Dr. Jo Ann Cohen Gerald Evans
Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 2
MUSIC MAKES YOU SMARTERINCREASES I.Q. 7 TO 15 POINTSRESULTS IN POSITIVE CHANGES TO THE BRAIN
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fMRIgives us the ability to observe structures that participate in specific functions and
provides high resolution, noninvasive reports of neural activity detected by a blood oxygen level dependent signal
(Ogawa, et al, 1990 a and b, 1992, 1993; Belliveau, et al, 1990, 1991)
PET SCAN Reflects the level of chemical activity in your body. Areas of greater intensity, called hot spots, indicate where large
amounts of the radiotracer have accumulated and where there is a high level of chemical activity. Less intense areas, or cold spots, indicate a smaller concentration of radiotracer and less
chemical activity.http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=PET&bhcp=1
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RECIPROCAL EFFECT
• NEURONS THAT FIRE TOGETHER WIRE
TOGETHER
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5 years old 8 years old
conserved tonal patterns when transposed
63% 76%
conserved melody when duration was changed
50% 94%
conserved melody when harmony and rhythm of the accompaniment were changed
50% 56%
Table 2Percent of children tested who were able to conserve
tone patterns and melodies (Pflederer, 1964, p. 263-265)
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JEAN PIAGET
Figure 1. The Inspiration web above illustrates Piaget's four cognitive development stages; sensorimotor (birth-2 years), preoperational (2 - 7 years), concrete operational (7 - 11 years), and formal operational (adolescence - adulthood). By Tiffany Davis, Meghann Hummel, and Kay Sauers (2006)
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How The Brain MaturesAlexander Luria identified that the brain was
not made up of isolated individual parts dedicated to a single function, such as
speaking or doing math. He discovered that the brain actually was comprised as a set of
neurological systems or loops, each contributing to the brain's ability to process information and draw conclusions. In other
words, the ability to do math required many parts of the brain instead of only one part.
It was discovered that each part of the brain underwent what appeared to be an
expansion and contraction process, based upon the biological and developmental age of the person. This natural developmental cycle occurs approximately every four years until
the day we die.
http://www.crossroadsinstitute.org/kchal2.html
Alexander Luria
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THE STUDY OF MUSIC
• INCREASES I.Q.• CHANGES THE PHYSICAL MAKE-UP OF THE
BRAIN• HELPS RESIST DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES
LIKE ALZHEIMERS• IMPROVES ABILITY IN MATH, ESPECIALLY
GEOMETRY• PIANO
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http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ0ZFP46JC&sub_cat=7510
Temporal Lobes
Timing
Attention
Prosody
Symbolism
Speech
Memory
Sequential Tasks
Numeric Working Memory11
Parietal Lobes
Spatial Language Physical Space
Left Right
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Occipital Lobes
Vision
Letter Stability
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Frontal Lobe
Judgment
Personality
Attention
Planning
Organization.
Frontal Lobe
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8753.htm
SYNTHESIS
http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~Brainmd1/callosum.html
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http://rmjacobsen.squarespace.com/display/ShowJournal?moduleId=311838&categoryId=21348
SOMATOMOTOR CORTEX [MOTOR STRIP]
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Multitasking is a female strength
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THE STUDY OF MUSIC
• INCREASES I.Q.• CHANGES THE PHYSICAL MAKE-UP OF THE
BRAIN• HELPS RESIST DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES
LIKE ALZHEIMERS• IMPROVES ABILITY IN MATH, ESPECIALLY
GEOMETRY• EFFECTS MOOD
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ATTENTION
LEARNING DEMANDS ATTENTION & MEMORY
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THE STUDY OF MUSIC• INCREASES I.Q.• CHANGES THE PHYSICAL MAKE-UP OF THE
BRAIN• HELPS RESIST DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES
LIKE ALZHEIMERS• IMPROVES ABILITY IN MATH, ESPECIALLY
GEOMETRY• EFFECTS MOOD• ASSISTS WITH IMPULSIVITY CONTROL• IMPROVE MEMORY & RETENTION
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TRACING THE PATH OF BLOOD
THROUGH THE HEART, LUNGS
&BODY
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Snell’s Law• Come listen and learn, I’ve a story I tell,
• I sing of the genius of Willebrord Snell• • A mathematician who lived long ago• • In the Netherlands where the Rhine river does flow.• • He set for his mind occupations of worth,• • Improved navigation and measured the Earth!• • He gave us the sine law, that wonderful guy,• • And he made more precise calculation of pi!• • (Chorus)• Singin’ n1 sine theta-sub-1, hey, hey, hey,• • Equals n2 sine theta-sub-2, hip hooray!
• n1Sinθ 1= n2Sinθ2
• His greatest feat came in Sixteen Twenty-one,
• When optics as science was really begun!
• While flashes of lightning illumined his page,
• He wrote down Snell’s law, his great gift to the age!
• So if you wear glasses or like to fry ants, • Be grateful your lenses were not made by chance!
• Astronomers hail him with each new-found star!• • Microscopists toast him from each sleazy bar!
• (Chorus)• Now some credit Harriot, others Descartes,• • Both studied refraction, and both were real smart.• • But we prefer Willebrord van Roijen Snell -- • • He laid down the law, and he did it darn well!
• (Chorus )25
1. Snell lived in
• A. Norway• B. Sweden• C. Luxemburg• D. Netherland• E. France
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Senteo QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSenteo Question Object->Properties...
2. Snell’s Law is also know as
• A. Law of Reflection• B. Law of Cosine• C. Law of Optics• D. Law of Magnification• E. Law of Sine
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Senteo QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSenteo Question Object->Properties...
3. Snell’s Law was simultaneously and independently discovered by• A. Kepler• B. Descartes• C. van Leeuwenhoek• D. Galileo• E. Hubble
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Senteo QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSenteo Question Object->Properties...
4. Snell’s Law has application in all of the following EXCEPT• A. Microscopy• B. Astronomy• C. Optometry• D. Spear Fishing• E. None is an exception
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Senteo QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSenteo Question Object->Properties...
5. Given the following, use Snell’s Law and solve for n1.θ1= 30 o Sin θ1 = 0.5 n1 = __?__θ2= 19.3 o Sin θ2 = 0.33 n2 = 1.52
• Calculate and give your answer on the Senteo to 2 decimal places.
30
Senteo QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSenteo Question Object->Properties...
Incidental Learning
• Learning tangential to the stated objective
4031
Chunking
• NASA• National Aeronautics and
Space Administration• SCUBA• Self Contained
Underwater Breathing Apparatus
• RADAR• Radio Detection and
Ranging
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Chunking
• Every Good Boy Does Fine
• All Cows Eat Grass
• Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Business Matters More.
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Harmony• Round
• Canon
• Fugue34
Johann Sebastian Bach
35
THE STUDY OF MUSIC• INCREASES I.Q.• CHANGES THE PHYSICAL MAKE-UP OF THE BRAIN• HELPS RESIST DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASES LIKE
ALZHEIMERS• IMPROVES ABILITY IN MATH, ESPECIALLY GEOMETRY• EFFECTS MOOD• ASSISTS WITH IMPULSIVITY CONTROL• IMPROVE MEMORY & RETENTION• IMPROVES ATTENTION
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Quodlibet
• a humorous composition consisting of two or more independent and harmonically complementary melodies, usually quotations of well-known tunes, played or sung together, usually to different texts, in a polyphonic arrangement.
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Music vs. NoiseMusic = regular vibration per time
Noise = irregular vibration per time
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Octaves and Frequency• The frequency of a note one octave higher
than a given note is twice that of the given note
• The frequency of a note one octave lower than a given note is half that of the given note
• E.G. – Concert A = 440 Hz [Yellow] piano– A above high C = 880 HZ [Green]– A below middle C = 220 Hz [Red]
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Overtones
• natural resonance or vibration frequency of a system
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• What Child is this who, laid to restOn Mary’s lap is sleeping?Whom angels greet with anthems sweet,While shepherds watch are keeping?This, this is Christ the King,Whom shepherds guard and angels sing;Haste, haste, to bring Him laud,The Babe, the Son of Mary.
Words: William C. Dix, The Manger Throne, 1865.Music: Greensleeves, 16th Century English melody
WHAT CHILD IS THIS?
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• Why lies He in such mean estate,Where ox and ass are feeding?Good Christians, fear, for sinners hearThe silent Word is pleading.Nails, spear shall pierce Him through,The cross be borne for me, for you.Hail, hail the Word made flesh,The Babe, the Son of Mary.
43
Ostinato
• is a repeating chord progression which continues throughout the piece.
• A short melody or pattern that is constantly repeated, usually in the same part at the same pitch.
• Italian for stubborn.
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Signed by Ashes - Kevin Keil
• Refrain: • Signed by water, signed by ashes,
Secure in your love, O God.
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USE MUSIC TO INTRODUCE MATERIAL AND MAKE IT FUN 46
STUDYING MUSIC CHANGES THE BRAIN
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STUDYING MUSIC IMPROVES IQ AND ACADEMIC FUNCTION
Mensa Photos - 2005-2006
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MUSIC CHANGES BRAIN CHEMISTRY
http://www.findthelight.net/images/serotonin.jpg49
MUSIC CAN BE USED TO EVOKE EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
http://www.drjoecarver.com/clients/49355/1053332_org.jpg
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STUDYING MUSIC CAN REDUCE IMPULSIVITY
User Problem
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STUDYING MUSIC IMPROVES ATTENTION AND CONCENTRATION
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MUSIC CAN HELP IMPROVE MEMORY
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TEACH MUSIC DIRECTLY IN SCIENCE
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BEGIN TO TEACH MUSIC WITH WELL KNOWN PIECES
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MUSIC ENGAGES THE WHOLE BRAIN56
MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT PARALLELS PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
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Alexander Luria Lev Vigotsky
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RESOURCES
• http://www.lihncenter.com
• http://www.lschs.org/page.cfm?p=49
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