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10th Euro Studies 12.01.14Turn in:
Nothing
Take out: Planner Pen/Pencil Notes
Today’s objective: I can describe how Napoleon
rose to power and the lasting effect he had on France and the balance of power in Europe.
Today’s Agenda: Napoleon’s Mistakes The Congress of Vienna Fall Paper (?)
HW:Print Instructions on Fall Paper…you will need in class tomorrow!
Napoleon v. BritainNapoleon v. Britain
• Battle of Trafalgar:• Napoleon’s plan to invade Great
Britain• Defeated by Admiral Lord Nelson• British Navy never challenged again
BritainFrance 10/21/1805 SeaPower
1) The Continental System
• ordered a blockade (forced all ports to close) to stop trade between Britain and Europe
• goal to isolate Britain• weakened trade, but didn’t destroy it (smuggling)• Britain blockaded all neutral ships• hurt Napoleon’s empire more than his enemies
The Continental SystemThe Continental SystemGOAL : to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.
Berlin Decrees (1806)
* British ships were not allowed in European ports.
Milan Decree (1807)
* Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent.
GOAL : to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.
Berlin Decrees (1806)
* British ships were not allowed in European ports.
Milan Decree (1807)
* Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent.
2) The Peninsular Campaign
• Went through Spain to invade Portugal• Spanish rioted, so he deposed (kicked out) the
Spanish king and replaced him with his brother, Joseph
• Guerillas (Spanish peasant fighters) ambushed Napoleon’s troops, which weakened France
• Spanish proved importance of nationalism
Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1814Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1814
* Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.* France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.* Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!
Spain, PortugalFrance 1806: ContinentalSystem
“The Spanish Ulcer”“The Spanish Ulcer”* Charles IV and Prince Ferdinand called to France
* Napleon’s brother, Joseph, becomes new King of Spain
* 100,000+ French troops in Madrid.
* May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion.
* French troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo].
* Charles IV and Prince Ferdinand called to France
* Napleon’s brother, Joseph, becomes new King of Spain
* 100,000+ French troops in Madrid.
* May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion.
* French troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo].
"With my banner bearing the words 'Liberty and Emancipation from
Superstition, I shall be regarded as the liberator of Spain.“ -Napoleon
"The population of Madrid, led astray, has given itself to revolt and murder. French blood has flowed. It demands vengeance. All those arrested in the uprising, arms in
hand, will be shot."
“The Spanish Ulcer”“The Spanish Ulcer”* Napoleon sends 500,000 troops to Spain
* Spanish fight “Guerilla War”
* British want to weaken France
-Move an army (Wellington) into Portugal to aid the Spanish guerillas.
* 1814 – French troops forced to retreat and leave Spain
* Napoleon sends 500,000 troops to Spain
* Spanish fight “Guerilla War”
* British want to weaken France
-Move an army (Wellington) into Portugal to aid the Spanish guerillas.
* 1814 – French troops forced to retreat and leave Spain
The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809
by Goya
The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809
by Goya
3) Invasion of Russia• French ally, Russia, sold grain to Britain (French
enemy), so Napoleon invaded• most French troops were drafted, and felt little
loyalty• Russians used a scorched-earth policy (burned fields
and slaughtered livestock to starve soldiers into surrendering)
• Attacks and cold weather nearly wiped out the French army
NAPOLEON’S FINAL DEFEAT• After attempting to make a comeback
(Hundred Days) and re-conquer France, Napoleon’s army was defeated by the British and Prussians at Waterloo (in Belgium, 1815)
The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)The Congress of Vienna
(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)
Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of
Vienna
Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of
Vienna
Main ObjectivesMain Objectives
It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.
It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.
Key Players at Vienna
Key Players at Vienna
The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich
(Aus.)
Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh
(Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)
Key Principles Established
at Vienna
Key Principles Established
at Vienna Balance of Power
Legitimacy
Compensation
Balance of Power
Legitimacy
Compensation
Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon.
Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).
Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.
A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule.
Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.
Changes Made at Vienna (1)Changes Made at Vienna (1)
Changes Made at Vienna (2)
Changes Made at Vienna (2) Norway and Sweden were joined.
The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed. Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom. Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and
various other colonies in Africa and Asia. Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and
Genoa. The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two
Sicilies. The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise. The slave trade was condemned (at British urging). Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many
rivers.