TECHNIQUES TECHNIQUES AND AND

EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT

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The presentation slides contain herein are proprietary to the St. John Ambulance, Singapore and are for use only in the FIRST AID training courses conducted by St. John. Reproduction in any form prohibited. NOT FOR SALE

St. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION SINGAPORE FIRST AID TEACHING SLIDES Compiled by: T. K. KHOO (2010)

CASUALTY HANDLINGCASUALTY HANDLINGLeave a casualty in the position in which you find him until medical help arrives. Move him only if he is in imminent danger, it is safe for you and you have the training and means to do so.

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A casualty should be quickly moved if he is in imminent danger from:

SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

Drowning.Drowning.Fire.Fire.Explosion or gunfire.Explosion or gunfire.Collapsing building or Collapsing building or structure.structure.

CASUALTY HANDLING CASUALTY HANDLING cont’d.cont’d.

Assisting a Casualty Safely

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Select a relevant method.Use a team.Plan your move.Prepare any equipment.Use the correct technique.Ensure the safety of all involved.Explain to casualty; ask for cooperation.Position close to casualty’s body.Adopted a stable position.Use the strongest muscles in your legs and arms; bend your knees.

SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

FIRST AID MATERIALSFIRST AID MATERIALS Sterile Dressings

4SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

Sterile Eye PadSterile Eye Pad

Sterile PadSterile Pad

Adhesive DressingsAdhesive Dressings Sterile Wound Dressings

FIRST AID MATERIALS FIRST AID MATERIALS cont’d.cont’d.

Bandages

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Folded triangular bandage

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Roller bandageRoller bandage

FIRST AID MATERIALS FIRST AID MATERIALS cont’d.cont’d.

Protective Items

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Disposable gloves

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Pocket MaskPocket MaskFace shieldFace shield

FIRST AID MATERIALS FIRST AID MATERIALS cont’d.cont’d.

Additional Items

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CONTENT OF CONTENT OF FIRST AID BOXFIRST AID BOX

8SJAA – Poisoning, Bites & Stings, Medical Conditions

Recommended Items

DRESSINGSDRESSINGSRules For Using Dressings

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Use disposable gloves.Cover wound beyond the edges.Hold dressing by the edge.Put a dressing from top down; replace dressing that slips out of position.If you have only one sterile dressing, use this piece to cover the wound directly.If blood seeps through put another dressing over the first; if it seeps again, remove all and apply a new one.After treatment dispose the soiled items safely.

SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

DRESSINGSDRESSINGSApplying a Sterile Wound Dressing

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SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

DRESSINGSDRESSINGSSterile Pad and Gauze Dressings

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Adhesive Dressings

SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

Use when a sterile dressing is unavailable. Use when a sterile dressing is unavailable. Secure the dressing with tape or bandage.Secure the dressing with tape or bandage.

Use for dressing small cuts and grazes.

DRESSINGSDRESSINGSImprovised Dressings

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Cold Compresses

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Cold padCold pad – a pad soaked in cold – a pad soaked in cold water.water.

Ice PackIce Pack – ice cubes in a plastic – ice cubes in a plastic bag wrapped with cloth.bag wrapped with cloth.

PRINCIPLES OF BANDAGINGPRINCIPLES OF BANDAGING

Rules For Applying A Bandage

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Reassure casualty; help him to a comfortable position.Work from the front; support injured part.Pass bandages under the body through ‘natural hollows’.Apply bandages firmly.Use reef knots; knots should not cause discomfort.Expose fingers/toes; check circulation beyond the bandage.

SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

ROLLER BANDAGESROLLER BANDAGESThree main types:

Open-weave – holds dressings in place.

Self-adhesive – support for muscle/joint injuries.

Crêpe – support for injured joints

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Securing Roller Bandages

SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

ROLLER BANDAGESROLLER BANDAGES

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APPLYING ROLLER BANDAGE

ROLLER BANDAGES ROLLER BANDAGES cont’d.cont’d.

Elbow And Knee Bandages

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Check circulation beyond the bandageSJAA – Techniques and Equipment

ROLLER BANDAGES ROLLER BANDAGES cont’d.cont’d.

Hand Bandages

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Check circulation beyond the bandage

SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

TRIANGULAR BANDAGESTRIANGULAR BANDAGES

Open Triangular Bandage

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Folded as Broad or Narrow Bandage, or Pad

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TYING A REEF KNOTTYING A REEF KNOTSecure your bandage with a Reef Knot

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It will not slip, is easy to untie and is flat.

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1. LEFT1. LEFT over over RIGHTRIGHT 2. RIGHT2. RIGHT over over LEFTLEFT

3. REEF KNOT3. REEF KNOT

UNTYING A REEF KNOTUNTYING A REEF KNOT

1. Pull one end and adjacent part of the bandage until straightened

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2. Hold the knot and pull the straightened end out through it.

SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

HAND AND FOOT COVERHAND AND FOOT COVER

A triangular bandage can hold a dressing on a hand or foot, but will not provide enough pressure to control bleeding.

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SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

ARM SLINGARM SLING

It provides support for an injured arm on a casualty whose elbow can be bent.

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SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

ELEVATION SLINGELEVATION SLINGThis sling supports the forearm and hand in a raised position. It can help control bleeding in the forearm or hand.

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SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

IMPROVISED SLINGSIMPROVISED SLINGS

Jacket corner

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SJAA – Techniques and Equipment

Long-sleeved shirt

Button-up jacketButton-up jacket

Belt or thin Belt or thin garmentgarment

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SJAA – Techniques and Equipment