10 Most Amazing Chemical Reactions

7/26/2019 10 Most Amazing Chemical Reactions

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10 most amazing chemical

reactions

G23

Gizelle Via T. Villarma

10- St. Digna

Ma’am Tolentino

Teacher



10 most amazing chemical reactions

1. Belousov-ha!otins"# reaction

$eactants%- Ferroin (iron atom)

- Bromine and oxygen

&ro'uct%

- The reactions propagate out through the solution in wave patterns.

(vi'ences in consi'eration )or a reaction%

- The Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction is a amily o oscillating chemical reactions. !uring

these reactions" transition-metal ions cataly#e oxidation o various" usually organic" reductants by

bromic acid in acidic water solution. $ost BZ reactions are homogeneous. The BZ reactionmakes it possible to observe development o complex patterns in time and space by naked eye on

a very convenient human time scale o do#ens o seconds and space scale o several millimeters.

The BZ reaction can generate up to several thousand oscillatory cycles in a closed system" which

permits studying chemical waves and patterns without constant replenishment o reactants.

2. *uminol

$eactants%

- %uminol

- &ydrogen peroxide

-'ron

&ro'uct%

- The molecule emits light producing a glow


-hen the compound reacts with the oxidi#ing agent" replacing nitrogen and hydrogen with

oxygen" the vibrational energy created by the reaction is transerred to an electron which is

pushed up to a higher energy level. That energy is then released in the orm o a photon o lightrom each molecule as it drops back to a stable lower energy state.

The need or a catalyst to activate the reaction gives luminol its most amous use as part o the

*+' kit. The aintly yellow crystals o luminol are mixed in solution with hydrogen peroxide and

a base to orm a spray. The haemoglobin in blood then provides the catalyst to trigger

chemiluminescence" so a luminol" base and hydrogen peroxide solution sprayed onto a surace

will begin to give o that distinctive blue glow i blood traces are present. ,nlike much o the



ictional *+' euipment seen on T" luminol is real and does the /ob very eectively.

3. Sul)uric aci' an' Sugar

$eactants%

- +uluric acid

- +ugar ( carbon atoms with oxygens and hydrogens)

&ro'uct%

- *arbons building a solid column o graphite oam.


- 0ne o the most spectacular chemistry demonstrations is also one o the simplest. 't1s the

dehydration o sugar (sucrose) with suluric acid. Basically" all you do to perorm this

demonstration is put ordinary table sugar in a glass beaker and stir in some concentrated suluricacid (you can dampen the sugar with a small volume o water beore adding the suluric acid).

The suluric acid removes water rom the sugar in a highly exothermic reaction" releasing heat"

steam" and sulur oxide umes.

+. Thermite

$eactants%

- 2luminum

-3ust (iron oxide)

&ro'uct%

- $assive ountain o smoke and sparks


- 2luminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions in which aluminum is oxidi#ed

while an oxide o another metal is reduced. 2lthough high temperatures are reuired to initiate

such reactions" they are easily sel-sustaining once started due to the heat they generate. The

most common example o an aluminothermic reaction is thermite" in which powdered aluminum

reacts with an iron oxide. Because aluminum has a greater ainity or oxygen than iron" oxygenis transerred rom the iron oxide to the aluminum" releasing a great deal o energy and leaving

behind molten iron and aluminum oxide.

,. Briggs-$auscher

$eactants%



- 'odine ( 4 orms)

&ro'uct%

- +tirring the solution produces uick color changes.


- The Briggs3auscher oscillating reaction is one o a small number o known oscillating

chemical reactions. 't is especially well suited or demonstration purposes because o its visually

striking colour changes5 the reshly prepared colourless solution slowly turns an amber colour"

suddenly changing to a very dark blue. This slowly ades to colourless and the process repeats"

about ten times in the most popular ormulation" beore ending as a dark blue liuid smelling

strongly o iodine.

. (lehant/s toothaste

$eactants%

- +oap

- &ydrogen peroxide ( oxygen and hydrogen atoms

&ro'uct%

- Tower o oam


- The reaction creates oam that shoots up out o the bottle and pools in the pan. 2ter a minute or

so" it begins to come out in a moving stream that looks like toothpaste being suee#ed out o a

tube. The students can play with the oam as it is /ust soap and water with oxygen bubbles. The

bottle will eel warm to the touch as this is an exothermic reaction.

. Single relacement

$eactants%

- 'ron

- +olution o copper sulate ( copper" sulur" and oxygen)

&ro'uct%

- 6ositively charged copper atoms are loating around the liuid


- 'n a single replacement reaction atoms o an element replace the atoms o a second element in a

compound. These reactions are also called displacement reactions. hether one metal will



replace another metal rom a compound can be determined by their relative reactivities o the

two metals. 2 reactive metal will replace any metal that is less active than itsel. $etals will also

replace hydrogen in water" and hydrogen in acids. 2 nonmetal can also replace another nonmetal

rom a compound. This replacement is usually limited to the halogens.

. Gumm# !ear eeriment

$eactants%

- 6otassium chlorate

- +ugary gummy bear

- (carbon oxygen and heat)

&ro'uct%

- 'ntense light and heat

. Gol'en rain

$eactants%

-%ead nitrate

-6otassium iodide

&ro'uct%

-*rystals o lead iodide


- involves the synthesis and recrystallisation o lead ('') iodide" and is commonly used to

illustrate the recrystallisation process" as well as to demonstrate dierences in solubilities.

The lead iodide dissolving produces a colourless solution once again. &owever" i this solution is

then allowed to cool" the dropping temperature orces very pure crystals o lead iodide to

precipitate back out o solution. These hexagonal crystals take some time to meander gently to

the bottom o the lask" giving the reaction mixture a shimmering" glittering eect commonly

reerred to as a 7golden rain8.

10. &haraoh/s sna"e

$eactants%

-$ercury thiocyanate

- Fire

- (+ulur" carbon" and nitrogen)



&ro'uct%

-Twisting column o ash that grows rom the burning powder


- $ercury thiocyanate was ormerly used in pyrotechnics causing an eect known as the

6haraoh1s serpent or 6haraoh1s snake. hen the compound is in the presence o a strong enough

heat source" a rapid exothermic reaction is started which produces a large mass o coiling

serpent-like solid. 2n inconspicuous lame which is oten blue but can also occur in

yellow9orange accompanies the combustion. The resulting solid can range rom dark graphite

grey to light tan in color with the inside generally much darker than the outside.

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10 Most Amazing Chemical Reactions