10 Implementing Hard Drive (Edited)

8/6/2019 10 Implementing Hard Drive (Edited)

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ImplementingImplementing

Hard DriveHard Drive


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You Will LearnYou Will Learn

About supporting hard drives andAbout supporting hard drives andmaking backupsmaking backups

About viruses and other computerAbout viruses and other computerinfestations, and how to protectinfestations, and how to protect

against themagainst them

How to troubleshoot hard drivesHow to troubleshoot hard drives


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Partitioning andPartitioning and

Formatting DrivesFormatting Drives Partitioning is the process of electronicallyPartitioning is the process of electronically

subdividing the physical hard drive into groupssubdividing the physical hard drive into groups

of cylinders called partitions.of cylinders called partitions. A hard drive must have at least one partition,A hard drive must have at least one partition,

and multiple partitions on a single hard drive canand multiple partitions on a single hard drive canbe created.be created.

Formatting the drive installs a file system ontoFormatting the drive installs a file system ontothe drive that organizes each partition in such athe drive that organizes each partition in such away that the operating system can store filesway that the operating system can store filesand folders on the drive.and folders on the drive.


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Managing Hard DrivesManaging Hard Drives

Use Windows utilities to protect, optimize,Use Windows utilities to protect, optimize,and maintain hard drivesand maintain hard drives

Defrag and Windows Disk DefragmenterDefrag and Windows Disk Defragmenter ScanDiskScanDisk

Disk CleanupDisk Cleanup

Disk compressionDisk compression

Disk cachingDisk caching

Making backupsMaking backups

Access utilities from command prompt orAccess utilities from command prompt or

Windows desktopWindows desktop


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Defrag Command andDefrag Command and

Windows Disk DefragmenterWindows Disk Defragmenter

Detects and repairs fragmentation,Detects and repairs fragmentation,

which can slow down access time andwhich can slow down access time andcomplicate recovery of a corrupted filecomplicate recovery of a corrupted file

Defragment hard drive once a monthDefragment hard drive once a month


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ScanDiskScanDisk

Designed to replace Chkdsk commandDesigned to replace Chkdsk command

Repairs crossRepairs cross--linked and lost clusterslinked and lost clusters Checks FAT for problems with longChecks FAT for problems with long

filenames and the directory treefilenames and the directory tree

Scans the disk for bad sectorsScans the disk for bad sectors

Repairs problems with structure of a hardRepairs problems with structure of a harddrive that has been compressed usingdrive that has been compressed using

Windows DriveSpace or DoubleSpaceWindows DriveSpace or DoubleSpace


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CrossCross--Lined and LostLined and Lost

ClustersClusters


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ScanDisk ResultsScanDisk Results


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ScanDisk in MSScanDisk in MS--DOSDOS

ModeMode


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Disk CleanupDisk Cleanup


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Disk CompressionDisk Compression

MethodsMethods Store data on hard drive in one big fileStore data on hard drive in one big file

Manage writing of data and programs toManage writing of data and programs tothat filethat file

Rewrite data in files in mathematicallyRewrite data in files in mathematicallycoded format that uses less spacecoded format that uses less space


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Disk CompressionDisk Compression

Disk compression in Windows XP andDisk compression in Windows XP andWindows 2000Windows 2000

Use the NTFS file systemUse the NTFS file system

Disk compression in Windows 9xDisk compression in Windows 9x

Use DriveSpace utility on a FAT 16 fileUse DriveSpace utility on a FAT 16 filesystemsystem


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Disk CacheDisk Cache

Temporary storage area in RAM forTemporary storage area in RAM fordata being read from or written to adata being read from or written to a

hard drivehard drive

Speeds up access time to the driveSpeeds up access time to the drive


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Disk CachingDisk Caching


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Disk Caching (Disk Caching (continuedcontinued))

Hardware cache versus software cacheHardware cache versus software cache

How disk caching methods haveHow disk caching methods havechangedchanged

DOSDOS

DOS with Windows 3.xDOS with Windows 3.x

Windows 9xWindows 9x

Windows NT/2000/XPWindows NT/2000/XP


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Making BackupsMaking Backups

Child, parent, grandparent methodChild, parent, grandparent method

Full, incremental, and differential backupsFull, incremental, and differential backups

Scheduling backupsScheduling backups

Backup softwareBackup software Disk cloning softwareDisk cloning software

Planning for disaster recoveryPlanning for disaster recovery


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Child, Parent, GrandparentChild, Parent, GrandparentMethodMethod


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Full, Incremental, andFull, Incremental, and

Differential BackupsDifferential Backups FullFull

Backs up all data from hard driveBacks up all data from hard drive

IncrementalIncremental

Backs up only files that have changed orBacks up only files that have changed or

been created since last backupbeen created since last backup DifferentialDifferential

Backs up files that have changed or beenBacks up files that have changed or been

created since the lastcreated since the last fullfull backupbackup


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Scheduling BackupsScheduling Backups


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((continuedcontinued))


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Backup SoftwareBackup Software

Comes with most tape drivesComes with most tape drives

ThirdThird--party software also availableparty software also available

Backup utilities are provided withBackup utilities are provided with

Windows NT/2000/XP and Windows 9xWindows NT/2000/XP and Windows 9x


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Windows 2000/XPWindows 2000/XP

Backup UtilityBackup Utility

Can perform immediate backup fromCan perform immediate backup from

Backup tabBackup tab

Can schedule repeated backupsCan schedule repeated backups


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Disk Cloning SoftwareDisk Cloning Software

Replicates hard drive to a different computer or toReplicates hard drive to a different computer or toanother drive on the same computeranother drive on the same computer

ExamplesExamples

Drive Image by PowerQuestDrive Image by PowerQuest

ImageCast by Innovative SoftwareImageCast by Innovative Software

Norton Ghost by Symantec CorpNorton Ghost by Symantec Corp


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Planning for DisasterPlanning for Disaster

RecoveryRecovery Verify your recovery planVerify your recovery plan

Keep a record of regular backupsKeep a record of regular backups

Folders or drives backed upFolders or drives backed up

Date of the backupDate of the backup Type of backupType of backup

Label identifying the tape, disk, or otherLabel identifying the tape, disk, or other

mediamedia


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Viruses and OtherViruses and Other

Computer InfestationsComputer InfestationsVirusVirus Has an incubation periodHas an incubation period

Is contagious; replicates by attaching to otherIs contagious; replicates by attaching to otherprograms; infected program must be executed for aprograms; infected program must be executed for a

virus to runvirus to run Is destructiveIs destructive

WormWorm Spreads copies of itself without a host program,Spreads copies of itself without a host program,overloading the network as it replicatesoverloading the network as it replicates

Does damage by its presenceDoes damage by its presence

Best defense is a firewallBest defense is a firewallTrojan horseTrojan horse Does not need a host program to workDoes not need a host program to work

Substitutes itself for a legitimate programSubstitutes itself for a legitimate program

Most cannot replicateMost cannot replicate

Logic bombLogic bomb Dormant code added to software; triggered at aDormant code added to software; triggered at apredetermined time or by a predetermined eventpredetermined time or by a predetermined event


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Understanding ComputerUnderstanding Computer

InfestationsInfestations Where viruses hideWhere viruses hide

Boot sector virusesBoot sector viruses

File virusesFile viruses Multipartite virusesMultipartite viruses

Cloaking techniquesCloaking techniques

Polymorphic viruses

Polymorphic viruses Encrypting virusesEncrypting viruses

Stealth virusesStealth viruses

Potential damage ranges from minorPotential damage ranges from minor

to majorto major


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How Infestations SpreadHow Infestations Spread

User activities can increaseUser activities can increasesusceptibilitysusceptibility

Virus replicatesVirus replicates

A Trojan horse gets into yourA Trojan horse gets into yourcomputercomputer

A worm gets into your computerA worm gets into your computer


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How a Virus ReplicatesHow a Virus Replicates


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How a Worm Gets intoHow a Worm Gets into

Your ComputerYour Computer


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Virus HoaxesVirus Hoaxes

EE--mail warnings about a nonexistentmail warnings about a nonexistentvirusvirus

Overload network trafficOverload network traffic

Check Web sites that specialize inCheck Web sites that specialize indebunking virus hoaxesdebunking virus hoaxes


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Protecting AgainstProtecting Against

Computer InfestationsComputer Infestations

Make backupsMake backups

Use antivirus software regularlyUse antivirus software regularly

Keep Windows current with updatesKeep Windows current with updates

and patchesand patches

Implement a firewallImplement a firewall


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Protecting Against ComputerProtecting Against Computer

Infestations (Infestations (continuedcontinued)) Be aware of virus symptomsBe aware of virus symptoms

Know what to do when you suspect aKnow what to do when you suspect avirus infestationvirus infestation

Run antivirus softwareRun antivirus software

Check Web site of AV softwareCheck Web site of AV softwaremanufacturermanufacturer

Use antivirus softwareUse antivirus software


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Capabilities to Look for WhenCapabilities to Look for When

Selecting Antivirus SoftwareSelecting Antivirus Software Download software upgrades and virusDownload software upgrades and virus

definitions from the Internetdefinitions from the Internet

Automatically execute at startupAutomatically execute at startup Detect macros in wordDetect macros in word--processingprocessing

documentsdocuments

Automatically monitor files beingAutomatically monitor files beingdownloaded from the Internetdownloaded from the Internet

Send virus alerts to your eSend virus alerts to your e--mail addressmail address

Scan both automatically and manuallyScan both automatically and manually


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General TroubleshootingGeneral Troubleshooting

GuidelinesGuidelines Make backups and keep them currentMake backups and keep them current

Run antivirus software regularlyRun antivirus software regularly Defragment files and scan the hardDefragment files and scan the hard

drive occasionallydrive occasionally

Dont smoke around your hard driveDont smoke around your hard drive

Dont leave the PC turned off forDont leave the PC turned off forweeks or months at at timeweeks or months at at time


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General TroubleshootingGeneral Troubleshooting

Guidelines (Guidelines (continuedcontinued))

High humidity can be dangerous forHigh humidity can be dangerous for

hard driveshard drives

Be gentle with a hard driveBe gentle with a hard drive

Take precautions when moving a hardTake precautions when moving a harddrive or changing CMOS setupdrive or changing CMOS setup


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Resolving Common HardResolving Common Hard

Drive ProblemsDrive Problems Categories of problemsCategories of problems

Caused by hardware or software?Caused by hardware or software?

Prevent hard drive from booting or prevent data

Prevent hard drive from booting or prevent datafrom being accessed?from being accessed?

Gather basic information from user; diagnose andGather basic information from user; diagnose andaddress the problemsaddress the problems

Focus on the main priorityFocus on the main priority

Use available resources (documentation,Use available resources (documentation,manufacturers Web site, technical support)manufacturers Web site, technical support)


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Troubleshooting Hard DrivesTroubleshooting Hard Drives

with Thirdwith Third--Party SoftwareParty Software

SpinRiteSpinRite

PartitionMagicPartitionMagic

GPartedGParted


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Hardware ProblemsHardware Problems

Hard drive not foundHard drive not found

Invalid drive or drive specificationInvalid drive or drive specification Damaged boot recordDamaged boot record

Damaged FAT or root directory or badDamaged FAT or root directory or badsectorssectors

Cannot boot from the hard driveCannot boot from the hard drive

Drive retrieves and saves data slowlyDrive retrieves and saves data slowly


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Software Problems withSoftware Problems with

Hard DrivesHard Drives Corrupted OS filesCorrupted OS files

Corrupted partition table, boot record,Corrupted partition table, boot record,or root directory, making all data onor root directory, making all data onthe hard drive inaccessiblethe hard drive inaccessible

Corrupted area of the FAT that pointsCorrupted area of the FAT that pointsto the data, datas directory table, orto the data, datas directory table, orsector markings where data is locatedsector markings where data is located

Corrupted dataCorrupted data


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Resolving Hard Drive andResolving Hard Drive and

Data Access ProblemsData Access Problems Partition tablePartition table

Boot recordBoot record

FAT and root directoryFAT and root directory

System filesSystem files

Data and program filesData and program files


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Data and Program FileData and Program File

CorruptionCorruption Options for restoring a data file that isOptions for restoring a data file that is

not backed upnot backed up

OS system tools and commandsOS system tools and commands

ThirdThird--party softwareparty software

Professional data recovery serviceProfessional data recovery service


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Data and Program FileData and Program File

Corruption (Corruption (continuedcontinued))

Potential problems with files and filePotential problems with files and file

systemsystem

Corrupted file headerCorrupted file header

Lost clustersLost clusters

Erased fileErased file


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Getting Technical SupportGetting Technical Support

Before you call, have available:Before you call, have available:

Drive model and descriptionDrive model and description

Manufacturer and model of computerManufacturer and model of computer

Exact wording of error messageExact wording of error message

Description of the problemDescription of the problem

Hardware and software configuration for theHardware and software configuration for thesystemsystem


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Redundant Array ofRedundant Array of

Independent Disks (RAID)Independent Disks (RAID)


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Redundant Array ofRedundant Array of

Independent Disks (RAID)Independent Disks (RAID)

Documents

10 Implementing Hard Drive (Edited)