10 Giai doan 4 Thuc hien he thong - Ch10 Phat trien ung dung

8/14/2019 10 Giai doan 4 Thuc hien he thong - Ch10 Phat trien ung dung

1/39

Chng 7. Thit kgiao din ngi sdng, nhp, xut 2006 1Nguyn Trung Trc- Khoa CNTT

Giai on 4Thc hin h thng

Chng 10

Pht trin ng dng


2/39


Ni dung

Cc hot ng v cng vic chnh chon tt trong giai on thc hin hthng.

Vai tr ca ngi phn tch h thng trongqu trnh pht trin ng dng.

Tm quan trng ca bo m cht lngv vai tr ca cng ngh phn mm trongvic pht trin phn mm.

Thit k t trn xung v thit kn th.

kt dnh (cohesion) v kt ni

(coupling).


3/39


Ni dung

S dng s tin trnh v m gi lpti liu cho lun l ca chng trnh.

Qu trnh lp trnh v pht sinh m lnh. Pht trin ng dng hng i tng v

cc u im ca n.

Cc giai on kim tra: kim tra n th,kim tra s tch hp v kim tra h thng.

Cc loi ti liu m ngi phn tch hthng phi chun b.

S chp thun ca ban qun l.


4/39


Gii thiu

Trong giai on thc hin h thng, nhmpht trin s dng bn m t thit k hthng nh l mt k hoch xy dng hthng mi.

Ngi phn tch v ngi lp trnh c cc

vai tr khc nhau trong qu trnh pht trinng dng.

Cng vic chnh ca ngi phn tch l

trnh by cc phn m t mt cch r rng,chnh xc cho ngi lp trnh.


5/39


Cc giai on ca SDLC

Giai on 4: Thc hin h thng (systemsimplementation)

Cc cng vic Pht trin ng dng, bao gm thit k, lptrnh, kim tra v lp ti liu cho cc chng

trnh v n th. Ci t v nh gi, bao gm o to ngi

s dng, chuyn i tp tin, thay i h

thng v nh gi cc kt qu.


6/39


Bo m cht lng

Bo m cht lng l v cng quan trngtrong cc lnh vc nghip v, k c ccchc nng CNTT.

Mc tiu chnh ca bo m cht lng lpht hin v trnh cc vn cng sm

cng tt. Bo m cht lng c th pht hin:

Cc yu cu khng chnh xc.

Cc li sai ca thit k v lp trnh.

Ti liu khng chnh xc.

Vic kim tra khng hiu qu.


7/39


Bo m cht lng

Cng ngh phn mm software engineering

Nhn mnh n cht lng trong thit kphn mm. Thit k tt.

Cu trc hiu qu.

Lp ti liu chnh xc.

Kim tra cn thn.

Software Engineering Institute(SEI)

Nhim v l ci tin cht lng ca cc hthng da trn phn mm.


8/39


Bo m cht lng

International Organization forStandardization (ISO)

a ra s thng nht chung ca iu lmcho thc tin qun l c tt.

ISO 9000-3 cung cp tiu chun bo m chtlng cho vic pht trin v bo tr phnmm.


9/39


Bo m cht lng

Lp chin lc thit k ton b S dng cch tip cn t trn xung (n

th) v phn chia h thng thnh nhiu hthng con v cc n th.

Vit cc chng trnh v n th

Thit k, lp trnh, kim tra v lp ti liu. Kim tra h thng

Kim tra kt ni cc chng trnh.

Kim tra h thng. Hon thnh tt c cc ti liu.


10/39


Bo m cht lng

Hnh 10.1. Cc bc chnh ca pht trin ng dng.


11/39


Tng quan v pht trin ng dng

Xem li ti liu documentation review

Thit k chng trnh c da vo:

M t thit k h thng (system designspecification) Cc DFD

Cc m t qu trnh (process description) Cc m hnh i tng (object model) Cc s lp (class diagram) Cc ERD

Cc dng trnh by mn hnh (screen layout) Cc dng trnh by bn bo co (report layout) Ti liu ngun (source document) Cc mc trong t in d liu (data dictionary

entry)


12/39


Pht trin ng dng c cu trc

Ngi lp trnh to cc n th thchin cc chc nng hoc cc cng vic cth.Mt n th bao gm cc m lnh lin quan

nhau c t chc thnh cc n v nhd hiu v d bo tr.

Hu ht ngi phn tch s dng cch tipcn t trn xung khi lp k hoch h

thng.


13/39



S cu trc structure chart

Cho thy cc mi quan h gia cc n thchng trnh.

Cc k hiu ca s dng biu din: n th (module)

Kt ni d liu (data couple)

Kt ni iu khin (control couple)

iu kin (condition)

Vng lp (loop)


14/39



Hnh 10.2. V d v cc n th trong s cu trc.


15/39



Hnh 10.3. V d v kt ni d liu trong s cu trc.


16/39



Hnh 10.4. V d v ktni iu khin trong s cu trc.

Hnh 10.5. V d viukin trong s cu

trc v cc ng iukin.


17/39



Hnh 10.6. V d v vng lp trong s cu trc.


18/39



kt dnh v kt ni kt dnh (cohesion) cp n phm vi

ca n th v cc c im x l. Mt n th thc hin mt chc nng n l s

c kt dnh cao.

kt ni (coupling) cp n cc mi

quan h v s ph thuc ln nhau gia ccn th. Cc n th c lp tng i vi nhau s c

kt ni lng lo. Nu mt n th tham chiu n on chng

trnh trong mt n th khc th cc n th ny

c kt ni cht ch.


19/39



Cc bc v s cu trc Xem li cc DFD v cc m hnh i tng.

Xc nh cc n th v cc mi quan h.

Thm vo cc kt ni, vng lp v iu kin.

Phn tch s cu trc, cc DFD v tin

d liu.


20/39


Hnh 10.7. Cc DFD ca Hthng t hng. S DFD

mc 0 v mc 1.


21/39


Hnh 10.8. S cutrc da vo ccDFD ca H thng

t hng.


22/39


Cc cng c pht trin ng dng

S tin trnh ca chng trnhprogram flowchart

Biu din lun l ca n th v s tngtc gia cc n th bng ha.


23/39


Hnh 10.9. S tintrnh cho thy cchtnh tin hoa hng vthc hin cc cngvic lin quan.


24/39


Cc cng c pht trin ng dng

M gipseudo code

Cng c biu din lun l chng trnh.

Khng phi l mt ngn ng c th.


25/39


Hnh 10.10. V d v m gi cho thy cc bc lun l tnh tin hoahng trong s tin trnh.

L t h


26/39


Lp trnh

Qu trnh bin i lun l ca chngtrnh thnh cc lnh c th c th cthc hin bi h thng my tnh.

C nhiu ngn ng lp trnh. Visual C++

Visual Basic SQL

HTML

Java

Pht t i d h i t


27/39


Pht trin ng dng hng i tng

Chuyn trc tip m hnh i tng vongn ng lp trnh hng i tng.

Thc hin thit k hng i tngMi quan h v s tng tc gia cc lp

c m t bng s lp.

Mc tiu chnh l chuyn cc phng thcca i tng thnh cc n th chngtrnh v xc nh s kin hoc thng ipno s kch khi s thc hin ca michng trnh.

Mi s kin hoc thng ip phi c mthnh ng tng ng.

Ki t d


28/39


Kim tra ng dng

Cn phi kim tra bo m tt cchng trnh u chy ng.

Bc 1: pht hin li sai ng php hon tt bin dch.

Bc 2: loi b cc li sai lun l.

Xem li m lnh ca chng trnh mt cchxuyn sut theo cu trc.

Bc 3: kim tra Kim tra n v chng trnh, kim tra s

tch hp v kim tra h thng.


29/39


Hnh 10.11. Bc u tin trong vic kim tra l kim tra n v chngtrnh, k tip l kim tra s tch hp, sau l kim tra h thng.

Ki t d


30/39


Kim tra ng dng

Kim tra n v chng trnh unit testing

Bao gm mt chng trnh ring bit.

Mc tiu l xc nh v loi b cc li saithc hin v cc li sai lun l cn li.

Kim tra chn l k thut s dng cc chn biu din cc im vo v im ra sc lin kt vi chng trnh khc hoc tptin d liu sau ny.

Kim tra ng dng


31/39


Kim tra ng dng

Kim tra s tch hp integration testing

Bao gm hai hoc nhiu chng trnh phthuc ln nhau.

Cn c gi l kim tra lin kt.

Kim tra s tch hp bo m cc dng cngvic l ng.

Cn c d liu kim tra gi lp cc iukin thc t v kim tra giao tip gia ccchng trnh.

Kim tra ng dng


32/39


Kim tra ng dng

Kim tra h thng system testing

Kim tra ton b HTTT v tt c cc tnh

hung x l tiu biu. Yu cu ngi s dng thm tra tt c ccty chn x l v cc kt xut.

S dng d liu tht. Kim tra cui cng tt c cc chng trnh. Bo m c sn ton b ti liu. Thm tra tt c cc thnh phn ca h thng

u chy ng. Xc nhn h thng c th gii quyt c

khi lng d liu don mt cch kp thi

v hiu qu.

Lp ti liu


33/39


Lp ti liu

Gii thch h thng v h tr ngi sdng giao tip vi h thng.

Cc loi ti liu Ti liu v chng trnh.

Ti liu v h thng.

Ti liu v vn hnh. Ti liu cho ngi s dng.

Lp ti liu


34/39


Lp ti liu

Ti liu v chng trnhprogram documentation

Bt u trong giai on phn tch h thng vtip tc trong giai on thc hin h thng.

Bao gm m t cc qu trnh v cch trnhby bn bo co.

Ngi lp trnh cung cp ti liu cng cc ghich d hiu hn v bo tr chng trnh.

Ngi phn tch phi thm tra ti liu vchng trnh l y v chnh xc.

Lp ti liu


35/39


Lp ti liu

Ti liu v h thng system documentation

Ti liu v h thng m t cc chc nng ca

h thng v chng c thc hin nh thno. Hu ht ti liu v h thng c chun b

trong cc giai on phn tch v thit k hthng.

Ti liu v h thng bao gm: Cc mc trong tin d liu

Cc DFD Cc m hnh i tng Cc dng trnh by mn hnh Cc ti liu ngun Yu cu h thng ban u

Lp ti liu


36/39


Lp ti liu

Ti liu v vn hnh operations documentation

c s dng trong mi trng my tnhln hoc my tnh mini vi vic x l tptrung v lp thi biu cng vic theo b.

Ti liu cho bit cc nhm iu hnh CNTTchy cc chng trnh khi no v nh thno.

V d: bn chy chng trnh cha thng tincn thit x l v phn pht kt xut.


37/39

Lp ti liu


38/39


Lp ti liu

Ti liu cho ngi s dng Ti liu trc tuyn c th hng dn ngi

s dng v gim yu cu h tr trc tip. Tr gip cm ng cnh. Hng dn theo cch tng tc.

Gi v ch dn.

Siu vn bn. Ti liu vit thng c cung cp trong

s tay ngi s dng.

Ngi phn tch chun b ti liu v ngi sdng xem li n v tham gia vo vic vit stay.

S chp thun ca ban qun l


39/39


S chp thun ca ban qun l

Sau khi hon thnh kim tra h thng, cckt quc trnh by cho ban qun l. Cc kt qu kim tra.

Tnh trng ca tt c cc ti liu cn c. D liu ca ngi s dng c tham gia.

Th

i biu chi ti

t,

nh gi chi ph v cc yu

cu ca ngi s dng.

Nu c chp thun, thit lp thi biu

ci t v nh gi h thng.

Documents

10 Giai doan 4 Thuc hien he thong - Ch10 Phat trien ung dung