Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
May 4, 2006
Stanford
Jesse PrinzUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
CASBS, Stanford
ConsciousnessAn Opinionated Introduction
What is consciousness?
Where IsConsciousness?
A Starting Place: Vision
Intermediate Level HypothesisIntermediate Level Hypothesis(Jackendoff, 1987)(Jackendoff, 1987)
But Is The Theory Neurally Plausible?
MID
LOW
HIGH
Hierarchical ventral system (Ungerleider & Mishkin)
Consciousness is somewhere there (Milner & Goodale)
But is it in the intermediate level?
High Level
IT
Intermediate Level
V2-V5
Low Level
V1
PredictionsPredictions
Should correlate with visual experience
Hallucination (ffytche et al.) Motion illusion
(Tootell et al.)
High Level
IT
Intermediate Level
V2-V5
Low Level
V1
PredictionsPredictions
Should result blindness
Unless there is another route
High Level
IT
Intermediate Level
V2-V5
Low Level
V1
PredictionsPredictions
Should not result blindness
Recognition deficit
High Level
IT
Intermediate Level
V2-V5
Low Level
V1
PredictionsPredictions
Should result blindness
Different kinds for different areas
PredictionsPredictions PredictionsPredictions
PredictionsPredictions
When Are We Conscious?
Winkielman et al.
Subliminal Perception
PrimePrime Test
Zago et al. (2005) Cereb Cortex
Unilateral Neglect
Neglected stimulus (Rees et al. Brain 2000)
Consciousness is Consciousness is locatedlocated in the intermediate level, but in the intermediate level, buthowhow does activity there become conscious? does activity there become conscious?
From Where to WhenFrom Where to When
The missing
ingredient
Attention
Driver & Mattingly, Nature Neuro., 1998
More EvidenceMore Evidence
Inattentional Inattentional BlindnessBlindness(Mack and Rock, 1998)(Mack and Rock, 1998)
Which line in the crosshair is longer?
More EvidenceMore Evidence
Scholl demo
Simons & Chabris, Perception, 1999
73% miss gorilla when counting passes
More EvidenceMore Evidence
Simons & Chabris, Perception, 1999
73% miss gorilla when counting passes
More EvidenceMore Evidence
Compare pure Compare pure ““change blindnesschange blindness”…”…
Forgetting
Change vs. Inattentional Blindness
Attention as gateway to memory systems
Working
Memory
Attention
Perceptual
System
What is Attention?
Seen minus unseen in change blindness(Beck et al. Nature Neuroscience 2001)
What is attention? A gateway to working memory
Attentional Blink
Adapted from Marois and Ivanoff (2005)
DLPFC during seen stimulus in blindsight
(Sahraie et al. PNAS 1997)
Thanks
