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Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
1
1.0 Overview
1.1. Introduction
1.1.1. In 2018, Trent and Peak Archaeology were commissioned by the DerwentWISE
landscape partnership to carry out a heritage assessment of several sites within the
Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site (DVMWHS).
1.1.2. Assessments were carried out of the Masson Mill weir, the ‘Bear Pit’ at Cromford, the
Horseshoe and Rock Weirs at Belper, the Foundry and Duck-bill weirs at Milford and the
weirs at Darley Abbey.
1.1.3. If specific proposals are drawn up for interventions at these sites, a further process of
detailed Heritage Impact Assessment should be carried out.
1.2. Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site
1.2.1. In 2001 Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage
List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
1.2.2. Sites included on the World Heritage List are protected under the UNESCO Convention
Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) of which
the UK Government is a signatory.
1.2.3. The statement of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) for the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site emphasises the relationship of the industrial buildings and their associated
settlements to the River Derwent, which provides a constant focus through the entirety
of the World Heritage Site.
1.2.4. As a key component connecting the industrial buildings to the river, the weirs are at the
core of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
1.2.5. The management plan for the World Heritage Site has as its mission:
To maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage
Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and transmitting its unique culture,
heritage, economy and landscape in a sustainable manner.
1.2.6. Any proposed works which have the potential to cause harm to the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage Site are unacceptable.
1.2.7. Any proposed works should prioritise opportunities for intervention or change which do
not harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
1.2.8. Proposed works which do not harm the OUV of the WHS may still impact on the heritage
significance of the individual sites, all of which have statutory designations under UK
law.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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1.3. Methodology
1.3.1. An assessment of significance was carried out for each site in accordance with the
guidance issued by Historic England1.
1.3.2. The Historic England guidance recommends assessing sites using the following criteria:
Evidential value - Evidential value derives from the potential of a place to yield evidence
about past human activity.
Historical value - Historical value derives from the ways in which past people, events
and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present. It tends to be
illustrative or associative.
Aesthetic value - Aesthetic value derives from the ways in which people draw sensory
and intellectual stimulation from a place.
Communal value - Communal value derives from the meanings of a place for the people
who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or memory.
Communal values are closely bound up with historical (particularly associative) and
aesthetic values but tend to have additional and specific aspects.
1.3.3. Historic England have also outlined a number of other factors that can contribute or
influence the above values2:
Context – The relationship with other heritage assets regardless of distance
Character – Group of qualities from the past that make the asset distinctive
Landscape – An area, as identified by people, the character of which is the result of
action and interaction of natural and/or human factors
Setting - The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced
1.4. Designations and Policy
1.4.1. World Heritage Site
All the sites considered fall within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site.
Maintenance of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site should be
the overriding concern in any planned works (See Section 1.2 above).
1.4.2. Scheduled Monuments
Scheduled Monuments are nationally important archaeological sites. Within the sites
considered, the entrance to the Long Sough contained within Cromford Bear Pit is a
Scheduled Monument.
1Historic England 2008 2Historic England 2017
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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1.4.3. Listed Buildings
Listing denotes a building's special architectural and historic interest. All of the sites
considered are individually listed, with the exception of the weir at Masson Mills, which
falls under the wider listing for Masson Mill.
1.4.4. Of the sites covered by this assessment, The Bear Pit, Foundry, Duck-bill and Darley
Abbey weirs are Grade II listed (of special interest), although it should be noted that the
Bear Pit is also a Scheduled Monument.
1.4.5. The weir at Masson Mill and the Horseshoe weir are Grade II* listed (particularly
important, of more than special interest).
1.4.6. Historic Parks and Gardens
Two of the sites are immediately adjacent to Historic Parks and Gardens. Masson weir is
situated alongside Willersley Castle Park and Garden (Grade II), while the Horseshoe
Weir and its associated watercourses have a direct relationship to Belper River Gardens
(Grade II*).
1.4.7. Conservation Areas
Conservation Areas are areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character
or appearance of which it is considered desirable to preserve or enhance. Conservation
Areas are designated and maintained by Local Authorities. All of the sites considered lie
within Conservation Areas. Masson Weir and Cromford Bear Pit lie within the Cromford
Conservation Area (administered by Derbyshire Dales District Council). The weirs at
Belper and Milford fall within the Belper & Milford Conservation Area (administered by
Amber Valley Borough Council). Darley Abbey weir lies within Darley Abbey
Conservation Area (administered by Derby City Council).
1.5. Proposed works
1.5.1. As noted above, any proposed works should prioritise opportunities for intervention or
change which do not harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
1.5.2. In addition, when considering works that have the potential to directly impact on the
significance of a heritage asset, Historic England advise applying the following principle:
Changes which would harm the heritage values of a significant place should be
unacceptable unless:
a. The changes are demonstrably necessary either to make the place sustainable, or
to meet an overriding public policy objective or need;
b. There is no reasonable practicable alternative means of doing so without harm;
c. That harm has been reduced to the minimum consistent with achieving that
objective;
d. It has been demonstrated that the predicted public benefit decisively outweighs
the harm to the values of the place, considering:
Its comparative significance
The impact of that significance, and
The benefits to the place itself and/or the wider community or society as
a whole.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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1.5.3. Current proposed works on the sites fall into three main categories:
a. Maintenance and Repair
b. Introduction of Fish Passages
c. Hydroelectric Schemes
1.5.4. Programmes of maintenance and repair are essential to the longevity of the structures,
and therefore essential to the protection and conservation of the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site. Major programmes of repair should be subjected to a
process of Heritage Impact Assessment. Ongoing maintenance and minor repair should
be guided by an established set of criteria which preserve the values and significance of
the structures.
1.5.5. The introduction of fish passages could be argued to be necessary to meet an overriding
public policy or need. However, as noted above, any intervention must not harm the
Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site, and reasonable practicable
alternatives must be exhausted so that the impact on the structures, sites and setting is
minimised as much as possible.
1.5.6. The generation of hydroelectric power can be seen as a direct continuation of the
original function of the weirs and mills. Where hydroelectric schemes already exist, the
emphasis should be on enhancing and upgrading existing schemes rather than the
addition of new or additional schemes. This would minimise the risk of harm to the
Outstanding Universal Value by reducing the impact on the evidential and aesthetic
values of the structures, and on the setting of the heritage assets. The introduction of
new hydroelectric schemes would have a significant impact on setting and reduce the
aesthetic values of the site, potentially harming the Outstanding Universal Value. Each
scheme should be separately evaluated through a process of Heritage Impact
Assessment once detailed plans are developed.
1.6. Individual Site Assessments
1.6.1. Individual Heritage Assessments are appended to this document and have been included
in each of the reports produced by JBA Consulting.
1.6.2. It should be emphasised that these are initial assessments and that a further programme
of Heritage Impact Assessment should be carried out on detailed plans for any works.
1.7. Conclusions and Recommendations
1.7.1. As all the sites lie both within the World Heritage Site and local Conservation Areas,
where possible the preference should be for adaptation of existing water courses to
reduce the overall impact on the setting and aesthetic value of the sites, which will in
turn prevent harm to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
1.7.2. In order to reduce the impact on the aesthetic values of the structures the introduction
of new materials should be where possible using traditional techniques, and
complementary and sympathetic materials e.g. masonry rather than concrete. The
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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visual impact of any work should be minimised as far as possible to maintain the
authenticity of the Outstanding Universal Value.
1.7.3. Any impact on evidential value should be minimised, but where necessary should be
mitigated through a process of archaeological investigation and recording to gain as
much information on the material lost or altered during the works.
1.7.4. The Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site Research Framework provides a list of key
questions relevant to archaeological investigation of these sites:
2C – Investigate riverine locations for archaeological traces of early mills and other
historic water management assets
4C – Investigate the impact of natural resources and geography upon the Derwent
Valley textile industry and evaluate the distinctiveness of the Derwent’s resource base
8D – Investigate the harnessing of hydropower from rivers in the Derwent catchment
and the reconciliation of competing interests
1.7.5. As specific designs are developed, a detailed Heritage Impact Assessment should take
place for each site. This will involve assessing the existing significance values (as outlined
in the criteria above) against the impact that the works will have on those values. In each
case the negative impact on the values should be minimised.
1.7.6. It is recommended that Heritage Impact Assessment takes place during the
development stage of any proposed works in coordination with the engineering group
or contractor to ensure that proposed designs do not harm the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site, and to minimise impact on the individual sites and
structures.
1.7.7. Larger programs of maintenance and repair should also be subject to a process of
Heritage Impact Assessment.
1.8. Acknowledgements
This project was commissioned by Tania Pells and Rachel Costigan of DerwentWISE. Thanks are due
to Jeremy Benn of JBA Consulting for providing draft copies of structural assessments, and to Steve
Baker, Adrian Farmer and Adam Lathbury of Derbyshire County Council and Tim Allen of Historic
England for providing comments on draft versions of the report. Ian Jackson provided a wealth of
knowledge on both the history and current condition of the sites. The project was managed on behalf
of Trent & Peak Archaeology by Steve Malone.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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1.9. Bibliography
Adam, W. 1850.The Gem of the Peak.
Cooper, B. 1991.Transformation of a Valley 2nd ed. Scarthin Books: Cromford.
Darwin, E. 1791.The Botanic Garden. Part II. The Loves of the Plants.
Ford, T.D. & Rieuwerts, J. H. 2000.Lead Mining in the Peak District 4th ed. Landmark Publishing Ltd.:
Ashbourne.
Endfield, G. H. & Van Lieshout, C. 2018. ‘Water and vertical territory: the volatile and hidden historical
geographies of Derbyshire’s lead mining soughs, 1650s–1830s’.inGeopolitics, DOI:
10.1080/14650045.2018.1486299.
Historic England. 2008. Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance
Historic England. 2017. The Setting of Heritage Assets
Knight, D. (ed.) 2016.The Derwent Valley: The Valley that changed the World; Derwent Valley Mills
World Heritage Site Research Framework.
UNESCO. 1972. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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2.0 Masson Weir, Cromford
2.1. Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site
2.1.1. In 2001 Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage
List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
2.1.2. Sites included on the World Heritage List are protected under the UNESCO Convention
Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 of which the
UK Government is a signatory.
2.1.3. The statement of Outstanding Universal Value for the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site emphasises the relationship of the industrial buildings and their associated
settlements to the river Derwent, which provides a constant focal point through the
entirety of the World Heritage Site.
2.1.4. As a key component connecting the industrial buildings to the river, the weirs are at the
core of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
2.1.5. The management plan for the World Heritage Site has as its core mission:
To maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage
Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and transmitting its unique culture,
heritage, economy and landscape in a sustainable manner.
2.1.6. Any proposed works which have the potential to cause harm to the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage Site are unacceptable.
2.1.7. Any proposed works should utilise opportunities for intervention or change which do
not harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
2.2. Heritage Designations
2.2.1. DERWENT VALLEY MILLS WORLD HERITAGE SITE List Entry No.: 1000100
The Masson Mills complex marks the northern end of the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site. The Statement of Outstanding Universal Value specifically highlights the
importance of the relationship of the industrial buildings and settlements to the river
and topography. It should therefore be considered that any scheme of works that
impacts upon the weir has the potential to harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the
World Heritage site.
2.2.2. MASSON MILLS, DERBY ROAD List Entry No. 1247935
The weir forms part of the Grade II* listed Masson Mills complex. The weir is not
specifically mentioned within the listing description but is part of the curtilage of the mill
building. Works that impact upon the weir will therefore have an impact on the mill as
a whole.
2.2.3. WILLERSLEY CASTLE PARK AND GARDEN List Entry No. 1001459
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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The Grade II listed late 18th and early 19th picturesque pleasure grounds and park that
surround Willersley Castle border the left bank of the river from Lovers Walks to the
north (a Grade II* listed Park and Garden) to Cromford bridge. They were laid out for Sir
Richard Arkwright and were deliberately designed to lead the visitor along the bank of
the river past the mill and weir to Lovers Walk to the north. The view of the weir is
specifically mentioned in the listing. Works that impact on the aesthetic of the weir have
the potential to impact upon the setting of the park and garden, and so impact on the
heritage values of the park.
2.2.4. CROMFORD CONSERVATION AREA Derbyshire Dales District Council
The Cromford Conservation Area was designated in 1971 and is centred on the
settlement of Cromford but specifically shaped to include related sites including Masson
Mill.
2.3. Assessment of Significance
2.3.1. Evidential Value
The exact date of the existing weir at Masson is ambiguous. The weir potentially dates
to the earlier paper mill which occupied the site and may represent the only surviving
physical evidence for White and Shore’s factory. This would mean that within the
context of the World Heritage Site, the weir is of relatively early date.
The relationship between the weir and its underlying geology has the potential to
answer questions about the structure itself, but also about the process of site selection
in the early development of industry in the Derwent Valley.
The unusual shape of the weir may be linked to the relationship with underlying geology
or represent an early prototype for weir design. This is only likely to be established
though the physical evidence surviving within the weir.
As at other sites there is a high potential for survival of the remains of pre-industrial
structures such as mills, fishing weirs or crossing places.
The weir has the potential to provide information both on the development of Masson
Mill, but also the history of earlier industrial production at the site.
2.3.2. Historical Value
Masson Weir has clearly established associations with Richard Arkwright, a significant
historical figure linked to the World Heritage Site, in both its function as part of Masson
mills and its proximity and relationship with the gardens of Willersley Castle.
Historically the weir represents the continuity and evolution of hydropower within the
Derwent Valley, and can be associated with both textile manufacture and hydroelectric
generation at Masson mill, as well as the earlier paper mill.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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Historical descriptions of the weir and Derwent River at this point are recorded in
Adams3, and in poetic form by Erasmus Darwin4.
2.3.3. Aesthetic Value
Masson weir sits within an outstanding landscape setting, with a steep sided wooded
valley to one side, and the architecturally imposing Masson Mill to the west. The
picturesque nature of the site is evocative of the descriptions of the Derwent and weir
by Adam and Darwin.
Unlike other mill and weirs locations, the lack of a surrounding settlement means that
the site has not been encroached by development.
The weir at Masson Mill clearly articulates the relationship between the mill, river and
topography in a landscape setting that has been relatively unchanged since the 19th
century, a relationship that is key to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World
Heritage Site.
2.3.4. Communal Value
Masson Mill currently houses a shopping centre, museum and working textile mill.
Access to and views of the weir from inside the mill building are limited, lessening the
public appreciation of the structure.
The riverside walk on the left-hand bank of the river presents some of the best views of
the weir and Masson Mill. The walk is part of Willersley Castle grounds which is currently
owned by Christian Guild Hotels. There is no public right of way along the path, although
access is made available to the public on request. The communal value of the site has
the potential for a positive increase if access to the left-hand bank is made more publicly
available.
2.3.5. Setting
The setting of the weir makes a substantial contribution to its aesthetic value and
therefore to its significance. Any alteration to the landscape surrounding the weir has
the potential to impact upon its significance and thereby on the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site.
In addition, the weir forms part of the setting for both Masson Mill and Willersley Castle
Park and Garden. Alterations to the weir have the potential to impact on the significance
of these heritage assets as well as the wider World Heritage Site.
3Adams (1850) 4Darwin (1791)
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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2.4. Opportunities for Change without Damaging Sensitivities
2.4.1. Fish Passage
The spillways downriver of the main weir could potentially be utilised to provide a fish
passage without harming the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
2.4.2. Hydropower Scheme
An existing scheme is already in place within the mill goyt. The capacity of the current
scheme should be explored and enhanced. If additional schemes are deemed necessary
then the preference would be for the reuse of existing wheel pits, removing the risk of
harm to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
2.5. Proposed Interventions and Degree at risk
2.5.1. The following potential interventions have been identified in the report produced by JBA
Consulting.
2.5.2. No urgent repairs are planned, but a programme of inspection, monitoring and
maintenance is recommended.
2.5.3. Fish Passage along left bank or remote from site
The placement of a fish passage on the left bank, where there are no substantial
structures, has the potential to be visually intrusive and compromise the setting and
impact on the aesthetic value of the weir, and negatively impact on the setting of
Willersley Castle Park and Garden. It also has the potential to disconnect the public from
an area where Masson Mill can be viewed and appreciated in its valley setting.
2.5.4. Hydropower Scheme
An existing scheme is already in place within the mill goyt and has a minimal impact on
aesthetic value of the site. The introduction of an additional scheme on the main river
would involve a potentially huge impact on the setting which could reduce significance
of the heritage asset.
2.6. Conclusions and Recommendations
2.6.1. As the site lies both within the World Heritage Site and Cromford Conservation Area,
where possible the preference should be for adaptation of existing water courses to
reduce the overall impact on the setting and aesthetic value of the sites, which will in
turn prevent harm to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
2.6.2. The exceptional aesthetic value of the site, and its relationship to both the mill buildings
and Willersley Castle Park and Gardens mean the visual impact of any planned works
should be minimised as far as possible. In order to reduce the impact on the aesthetic
values of the structures the introduction of new materials should be achieved where
possible using traditional techniques, and complementary and sympathetic materials
e.g. masonry rather than concrete.
2.6.3. Any impact on evidential value should be minimised, but where necessary should be
mitigated through a process of archaeological evaluation to gain as much information
on the material lost or altered during the works.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
11
2.6.4. The Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site Research Framework provides a list of key
questions relevant to archaeological investigation of these sites:
2C – Investigate riverine locations for archaeological traces of early mills and other
historic water management assets
4C – Investigate the impact of natural resources and geography upon the Derwent
Valley textile industry and evaluate the distinctiveness of the Derwent’s resource base
8D – Investigate the harnessing of hydropower from rivers in the Derwent catchment
and the reconciliation of competing interests
2.6.5. As specific designs are developed, a detailed Heritage Impact Assessment should take
place for each site. This will involve assessing the existing significance values against the
impact that the works will have on those values. In each case the negative impact on the
values should be minimised.
2.6.6. It is recommended that Heritage Impact Assessment takes place during the
development stage of any proposed works in coordination with the engineering group
or contractor to ensure that proposed designs do not harm the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site, and to minimise impact on the individual sites and
structures.
2.6.7. Larger programs of maintenance and repair should also be subject to a process of
Heritage Impact Assessment.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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3.0 Cromford Bear Pit, Cromford
3.1. Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site
3.1.1. In 2001 Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage
List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
3.1.2. Sites included on the World Heritage List are protected under the UNESCO Convention
Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 of which the
UK Government is a signatory.
3.1.3. The statement of Outstanding Universal Value for the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site emphasises the relationship of the industrial buildings and their associated
settlements to the River Derwent, which provides a constant focal point through the
entirety of the World Heritage Site.
3.1.4. As a key component connecting the industrial buildings to the river, the weirs are at the
core of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
3.1.5. The management plan for the World Heritage Site has as its core mission:
To maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage
Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and transmitting its unique culture,
heritage, economy and landscape in a sustainable manner.
3.1.6. Any proposed works which have the potential to cause harm to the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage Site are unacceptable.
3.1.7. Any proposed works should utilise opportunities for intervention or change which do
not harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
3.2. Heritage Designations
3.2.1. DERWENT VALLEY MILLS WORLD HERITAGE SITE List Entry No.: 1000100
The Cromford Bear Pit falls within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. The
Statement of Outstanding Universal Value specifically highlights the importance of the
relationship of the industrial buildings and settlements to the river and topography. It
should therefore be considered that any scheme of works that impacts upon the Bear
Pit has the potential to harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage site.
3.2.2. ENTRANCE TO LONG SOUGH WEST OF ALLEN'S HILL List Entry Number: 1014595
The Long Sough, which was used to drain lead mines from as far away as Wirksworth
exits into the Bear Pit at Cromford. Well preserved examples of soughs are nationally
important, and the adaptation of the watercourse by Arkwright in the 18th century
contributes to the significance of the monument.
3.2.3. CONDUIT TO THE REAR OF NUMBERS 3-13 CROMFORD HILL, CROMFORD HILL- List
Entry No. 1248499
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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The 18th century structure surrounding the Bear Pit is Grade II listed and is linked to the
development of Cromford by Richard Arkwright.
3.2.4. CROMFORD CONSERVATION AREA Derbyshire Dales District Council
Cromford Conservation Area was designated in 1971 and centred on the settlement at
Cromford.
3.3. Assessment of Significance
3.3.1. Evidential Value
The Bear Pit provides physical evidence of two key industries within Derbyshire, lead
mining and textile production.
The Long Sough is a well-preserved and fully functional example of its type, a fact which
is reflected in its designation as a Scheduled Monument.
The structure provides unique evidence of hydrological ingenuity in the exploitation of
existing water courses, both natural and manmade, for industrial development within
Cromford.
3.3.2. Historical Value
The Long Sough was an extension of Cromford Sough, which is believed to be the first
major sough in Derbyshire, and dates to the 17th century. Long Sough is well attested
within documentary records.
The Bear Pit has a strong connection with Richard Arkwright and the development of
Cromford Mill and the associated settlement at Cromford. Specifically, the Bear Pit was
at the centre of a high-profile legal dispute between lead miners and Arkwright5 over
the use of water from the sough to power Cromford Mill.
3.3.3. Aesthetic Value
The materials and construction of the Bear Pit mirror those of the surrounding buildings
and are typical of the character of the Conservation Area.
The Bear Pit is an impressive and engaging monument but is difficult to fully appreciate
from the exterior. Public access to the interior of the monument is not possible, meaning
that there is little potential to increase the aesthetic value.
3.3.4. Communal Value
5 See Endfield& Van Lieshout (2018)
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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Cromford Bear Pit has significant links to textile milling and lead mining history and has
wider links to the physical development of Cromford Mill and Cromford.
The Bear Pit regularly features as part of heritage tours and within pamphlets and guides
to Cromford. However, there is a lack of signage to signpost and explain the monument.
There is a potential for increase in the communal value of the Bear Pit through better
signage indicating the monument’s location and function.
3.3.5. Setting
The immediate environs of the Bear Pit are highly complementary to the aesthetic value
of the structure. The Bear Pit and its surroundings are an exemplar of the distinctive
character of the Cromford Conservation Area. Alterations to any of the heritage assets
within this immediate area could potential impact on the significance of the wider group.
3.4. Opportunities for Change without Damaging Sensitivities
3.4.1. Currently there is no requirement for change or alteration to Cromford Bear Pit.
3.5. Proposed Interventions and Degree at Risk
3.5.1. Currently there are no major interventions planned for Cromford Bear Pit.
3.6. Conclusions and Recommendations
3.6.1. Maintenance of the Bear Pit is shared between Derbyshire Dales District Council and
Cromford Parish Council. Maintenance should be conducted under an established set of
guidelines produced by a suitably qualified Conservation professional.
3.6.2. The lack of clearly established ownership poses a potential risk to the long-term
maintenance and repair of the site, and efforts should be made to establish ownership
of the site.
3.6.3. The site has the potential for increase in communal value through greater public
awareness and better signage.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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4.0 Horseshoe & Rock Weir, Belper
4.1. Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site
4.1.1. In 2001 Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage
List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
4.1.2. Sites included on the World Heritage List are protected under the UNESCO Convention
Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 of which the
UK Government is a signatory.
4.1.3. The statement of Outstanding Universal Value for the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site emphasises the relationship of the industrial buildings and their associated
settlements to the River Derwent, which provides a constant focal point through the
entirety of the World Heritage Site.
4.1.4. As a key component connecting the industrial buildings to the river, the weirs are at the
core of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
4.1.5. The management plan for the World Heritage Site has as its core mission:
To maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage
Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and transmitting its unique culture,
heritage, economy and landscape in a sustainable manner.
4.1.6. Any proposed works which have the potential to cause harm to the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage Site are unacceptable.
4.1.7. Any proposed works should utilise opportunities for intervention or change which do
not harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
4.2. Heritage Designations
DERWENT VALLEY MILLS WORLD HERITAGE SITE List Entry No.: 1000100
Horseshoe and Rock Weir, Belper falls within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site.
The Statement of Outstanding Universal Value specifically highlights the importance of the
relationship of the industrial buildings and settlements to the river and topography. It should
therefore be considered that any scheme of works that impacts upon the weirs has the
potential to harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage site.
BELPER RIVER WEIRS, RETAINING WALLS AND SLUICES TO BELPER RIVER WEIRS, BRIDGE
FOOT List Entry No. 1335702
The weirs and associated structures at Belper are Grade II*listed. The listing description
specifically refers to their association with Jedediah Strutt and the development of the mills,
as well as their picturesque nature.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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BELPER RIVER GARDENS List Entry No. 1001372
Belper River Gardens are Grade II* listed, in part due to the authenticity of their layout and
association with G Herbert Strutt.
BELPER & MILFORD CONSERVATION AREA - Amber Valley Borough Council
The Belper & Milford Conservation Area covers the industrial structures and associated
settlements built to house the Strutt factory communities.
4.3. Assessment of Significance
4.3.1. Evidential Value
There are several phases of development within the weirs and associated sluices at
Belper. These phases of development have the potential to inform our understanding of
the evolution of the wider mill complexes, but also of the technological advancements
in weir design, including the incorporation of flood gates.
As at other sites there is a high potential for survival of the remains of pre-industrial
structures such as mills, fishing weirs or crossing places. In particular, there are
references to the original being located on an ‘ancient weir’, and placement of the
‘Circular Weir’ being dictated by the presence of other weirs upriver. This greatly
increases the likelihood of evidence for associated structures.
The Horseshoe weir is reputedly built on a reef of gritstone, the relationship between
the weir and its underlying geology has the potential to answer questions about the
structure itself, but also about the process of site selection in the development of
industry in the Derwent Valley.
4.3.2. Historical Value
The weirs have a direct association with Jedediah Strutt, a significant figure within the
Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site and are related to the ongoing development
of Jedediah Strutt’s industrial complex at Belper.
4.3.3. Aesthetic Value
The Horseshoe weir is a striking and engaging structure set within the context of a wider
industrial site. Public access to the riverbank and across the bridge, as well as around
the majority of site means that there are a multitude of viewpoints of the weirs and
sluices against the backdrop of the mill buildings and river valley landscape.
The weirs clearly articulate the relationship between the mills, settlement, and riverine
topography in a landscape setting that has been relatively unchanged since the 19th
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
17
century. This relationship is at the core of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World
Heritage Site.
4.3.4. Communal Value
The Horseshoe and Rock weirs are an important part of Strutt’s industrial complex at
Belper, which is made accessible to the public through the museum at Belper Mill.
The structures are visible from a major route way into the town, as well as from the
public rights of way along the riverbank, and from Belper River Gardens. Their presence
as a local landmark has led to their inclusion on numerous postcards as a defining feature
of Belper.
4.3.5. Setting
The weirs are set within a wider industrial landscape of 19th century character which are
directly related to the weirs.
The setting of the weirs makes a substantial contribution to their aesthetic value and
therefore to their significance. Any alteration to the landscape surrounding the weir has
the potential to impact upon its significance and thereby on the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site.
In addition, the weir forms part of the setting for both Belper Mill and Belper River
Gardens. Alterations to the weir have the potential to impact on the significance of these
heritage assets as well as the wider World Heritage Site.
4.4. Opportunities for Change without Damaging Sensitivities
4.4.1. Fish Passage
Existing sluice gates and bypass channels could potentially be utilised to provide a fish
passage without harming the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
The sluice channel and bypass channel on the left bank provide potential options for
location of a fish passage.
4.4.2. Hydropower Scheme
An existing scheme is already in place within Belper Mill. The capacity of the current
scheme should be explored and enhanced. If additional schemes are deemed necessary
then the preference would be for the reuse of existing water channels, removing the risk
of harm to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.There may be the
potential for using other wheel pits in the mill complex without significant impact.
4.4.3. The redevelopment of the former West Mill site could provide an opportunity for
reopening former water courses, facilitating both fish passage or an additional
hydroelectric scheme.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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4.5. Proposed Interventions and Degree at Risk
4.5.1. The following potential interventions have been identified in the report produced by JBA
Consulting.
4.5.2. Repair and maintenance
Permanent repair is needed to ensure the long-term integrity of the weir and associated
structures.
Any large-scale repair will potentially impact on the evidential value of the structure. A
program of archaeological evaluation and recording would partly mitigate the negative
impacts on the evidential value.
4.5.3. Fish Passage within the left bank sluice channel
The location of a fish passage within the left bank sluice channel would minimise the
impact on the aesthetic value of the weir. Any impact of evidential value should be
minimised through the design process and mitigated through archaeological evaluation.
4.5.4. Hydropower Scheme
An existing scheme is already in place within Belper Mill and has a minimal impact on
aesthetic value of the site. The introduction of an additional scheme on the main river
would involve a potentially huge impact on the setting which could reduce significance
of the heritage asset.
4.6. Conclusions and Recommendations
4.6.1. As the site lies both within the World Heritage Site and Belper & Milford Conservation
Area, where possible the preference should be for adaptation of existing water courses
to reduce the overall impact on the setting and aesthetic value of the sites, which will in
turn prevent harm to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
4.6.2. In order to reduce the impact on the aesthetic values of the structures the introduction
of new materials should be where possible using traditional techniques, and
complementary and sympathetic materials e.g. masonry rather than concrete. The
visual impact of any work should be minimised as far as possible to maintain the
authenticity of the Outstanding Universal Value.
4.6.3. Any impact on evidential value should be minimised, but where necessary should be
mitigated through a process of archaeological evaluation to gain as much information
on the material lost or altered during the works.
4.6.4. The Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site Research Framework provides a list of key
questions relevant to archaeological investigation of these sites:
2C – Investigate riverine locations for archaeological traces of early mills and other
historic water management assets
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
19
4C – Investigate the impact of natural resources and geography upon the Derwent
Valley textile industry and evaluate the distinctiveness of the Derwent’s resource base
8D – Investigate the harnessing of hydropower from rivers in the Derwent catchment
and the reconciliation of competing interests
4.6.5. As specific designs are developed, a detailed Heritage Impact Assessment should take
place for each site. This will involve assessing the existing significance values (as outlined
in the criteria above) against the impact that the works will have on those values. In each
case the negative impact on the values should be minimised.
4.6.6. It is recommended that Heritage Impact Assessment takes place during the
development stage of any proposed works in coordination with the engineering group
or contractor to ensure that proposed designs do not harm the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site, and to minimise impact on the individual sites and
structures.
4.6.7. Larger programs of maintenance and repair should also be subject to a process of
Heritage Impact Assessment.
4.6.8. The communal value of the site centres on the availability of access and open vistas
across the weir and associated heritage assets, any planned works should ensure that
current levels of access are maintained.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
20
5.0 Foundry Weir, Milford
5.1. Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site
5.1.1. In 2001 Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage
List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
5.1.2. Sites included on the World Heritage List are protected under the UNESCO Convention
Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 of which the
UK Government is a signatory.
5.1.3. The statement of Outstanding Universal Value for the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site emphasises the relationship of the industrial buildings and their associated
settlements to the river Derwent, which provides a constant focal point through the
entirety of the World Heritage Site.
5.1.4. As a key component connecting the industrial buildings to the river, the weirs are at the
core of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
5.1.5. The management plan for the World Heritage Site has as its core mission:
To maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage
Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and transmitting its unique culture,
heritage, economy and landscape in a sustainable manner.
5.1.6. Any proposed works which have the potential to cause harm to the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage Site are unacceptable.
5.1.7. Any proposed works should utilise opportunities for intervention or change which do
not harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
5.2. Heritage Designations
DERWENT VALLEY MILLS WORLD HERITAGE SITE List Entry No.: 1000100
Foundry Weir, Milford falls within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. The
Statement of Outstanding Universal Value specifically highlights the importance of the
relationship of the industrial buildings and settlements to the river and topography. It should
therefore be considered that any scheme of works that impacts upon the weir has the
potential to affect the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage site.
RETAINING WALLS TO WEIR ADJACENT TO GLOW WORM FOUNDRY List Entry No. 1087361
The retaining walls of the weir are Grade II listed.
BELPER & MILFORD CONSERVATION AREA - Amber Valley Borough Council
The Belper & Milford Conservation Area covers the industrial structures and associated
settlements built to house the Strutt factory communities.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
21
5.3. Assessment of Significance
5.3.1. Evidential Value
The Foundry Weir provides evidence of exploitation of the watercourse for a range of
industries which predate Strutt’s textile mills including corn processing and fulling. The
alteration of the structure to power Strutt’s mills provides evidence for the evolution
and expansion of the industrial settlement of Milford. The current weir was redeveloped
immediately after the construction of Belper Horseshoe weir, and also included flood
gates, showing the ongoing innovation of weir construction through the Derwent valley.
As at other sites there is a high potential for survival of the remains of pre-industrial
structures such as mills, fishing weirs or crossing places.
5.3.2. Historical Value
The weir is associated with the later Strutt foundry and Milford Cotton Mills but predates
Strutt’s association with Milford.
5.3.3. Aesthetic Value
Foundry Weir was constructed to divert water to mills further downriver. However,
there are no substantial industrial buildings in the immediate vicinity and no direct visual
association with the mills further downriver.
More recent development on the left bank of the river, despite containing elements of
industrial reference in the architecture is in general unsympathetic and has had a
negative impact on the aesthetic value of the site.
Recent work has cleared out features such as the sluice gates, making the site more
visibly accessible.
5.3.4. Communal Value
The weir is accessible from a public right of way along the left bank of the river, and its
history and purpose is explained by a nearby information board. The site has recently
been cleared and enhanced by the local community and the site is regularly visited as
part of heritage tours.
5.3.5. Setting
The river is set within a largely ‘natural’ landscape with wooded slopes to the right bank
of the river, and osier beds on the left bank. The modern development on the left bank
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
22
has negatively impacted on the setting of the weir, reducing its contribution to overall
significance.
The setting of the weirs makes a substantial contribution to their aesthetic value and
therefore to their significance. Any alteration to the landscape surrounding the weir has
the potential to impact upon its significance and thereby on the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site.
5.4. Opportunities for Change without Damaging Sensitivities
5.4.1. Fish Passage
Existing sluice gates and bypass channels could potentially be utilised to provide a fish
passage without harming the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
Existing water courses run from upriver of the duck-bill weirs to upriver of Foundry weir
through the former mill site. These water courses should be investigated as a potential
fish passage.
5.5. Potential Interventions and Degree at Risk
5.5.1. The following potential intervention has been identified in the report produced by JBA
Consulting.
5.5.2. Fish Passage within the left bank sluice channel and removal of sluice gate.
The location of a fish passage within the left bank sluice channel would minimise the
impact on the aesthetic value of the weir. However, the removal of the sluice gate would
negatively impact on the evidential value of the structure. In addition, the sluice gate
has been proposed for repair by Derwent Hydro-electric in order to facilitate
maintenance of the weir. Maintenance and conservation of the sluice gate would add to
the integrity and authenticity of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage
Site and therefore should take precedence over its removal.
5.6. Conclusions and Recommendations
5.6.1. As the site lies both within the World Heritage Site and Belper & Milford Conservation
Area, where possible the preference should be for adaptation of existing water courses
to reduce the overall impact on the setting and aesthetic value of the sites, which will in
turn prevent harm to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
5.6.2. In order to reduce the impact on the aesthetic values of the structures the introduction
of new materials should be where possible using traditional techniques, and
complementary and sympathetic materials e.g. masonry rather than concrete. The
visual impact of any work should be minimised as far as possible to maintain the
authenticity of the Outstanding Universal Value.
5.6.3. Any impact on evidential value should be minimised, but where necessary should be
mitigated through a process of archaeological evaluation to gain as much information
on the material lost or altered during the works.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
23
5.6.4. The Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site Research Framework provides a list of key
questions relevant to archaeological investigation of these sites:
2C – Investigate riverine locations for archaeological traces of early mills and other
historic water management assets
4C – Investigate the impact of natural resources and geography upon the Derwent
Valley textile industry and evaluate the distinctiveness of the Derwent’s resource base
8D – Investigate the harnessing of hydropower from rivers in the Derwent catchment
and the reconciliation of competing interests
5.6.5. As specific designs are developed, a detailed Heritage Impact Assessment should take
place for each site. This will involve assessing the existing significance values (as outlined
in the criteria above) against the impact that the works will have on those values. In each
case the negative impact on the values should be minimised.
5.6.6. It is recommended that Heritage Impact Assessment takes place during the
development stage of any proposed works in coordination with the engineering group
or contractor to ensure that proposed designs do not harm the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site, and to minimise impact on the individual sites and
structures.
5.6.7. Larger programs of maintenance and repair should also be subject to a process of
Heritage Impact Assessment.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
24
6.0 Duck-bill Weirs, Milford
6.1. Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site
6.1.1. In 2001 Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage
List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
6.1.2. Sites included on the World Heritage List are protected under the UNESCO Convention
Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 of which the
UK Government is a signatory.
6.1.3. The statement of Outstanding Universal Value for the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site emphasises the relationship of the industrial buildings and their associated
settlements to the river Derwent, which provides a constant focal point through the
entirety of the World Heritage Site.
6.1.4. As a key component connecting the industrial buildings to the river, the weirs are at the
core of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
6.1.5. The management plan for the World Heritage Site has as its core mission:
To maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage
Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and transmitting its unique culture,
heritage, economy and landscape in a sustainable manner.
6.1.6. Any proposed works which have the potential to cause harm to the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage Site are unacceptable.
6.1.7. Any proposed works should utilise opportunities for intervention or change which do
not harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
6.2. Heritage Designations
DERWENT VALLEY MILLS WORLD HERITAGE SITE List Entry No.: 1000100
Duck-bill Weirs, Milford falls within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. The Statement of
Outstanding Universal Value specifically highlights the importance of the relationship of the industrial
buildings and settlements to the river and topography. It should therefore be considered that any
scheme of works that impacts upon the weirs has the potential to harm the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage site.
RETAINING WALLS TO WEIRS IN RIVER DERWENT NEAR FORMER FORGE MILL List Entry No. 1109247
Both of the weirs are included within the Grade II listing.
BELPER & MILFORD CONSERVATION AREA- Amber Valley Borough Council
The Belper & Milford Conservation Area covers the industrial structures and associated settlements
built to house the Strutt factory communities.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
25
6.3. Assessment of Significance
6.3.1. Evidential Value
The Duck-bill weirs and associated watercourses provide physical evidence of the
development of a number of industrial processes at Milford which predate the purchase
of the Makeney Forges and New Mills sites.
As at other sites there is a high potential for survival of the remains of pre-industrial
structures such as mills, fishing weirs or crossing places.
6.3.2. Historical Value
The duck-bill weirs also have a direct association with Jedediah Strutt and the
development of the mills and associated settlement at Milford.
6.3.3. Aesthetic Value
The weirs can be viewed from both sides of the river, the views from the left bank have
been improved by the removal of vegetation. On the right bank an outdoor area shared
between Soi restaurant and the Strutt Arms provides key views over the weirs. Views
from the road bridge to the north are more restrictive and do not fully articulate the
character of the weirs.
6.3.4. Communal Value
The duck-bill weirs are included on World Heritage tours. The lack of directly associated
structures make it difficult to understand the context of the weirs, which could be
improved with the addition of signage and interpretation boards.
6.3.5. Setting
The removal or redevelopment of mills and other buildings associated with the weirs
combined with several areas of unsympathetic development has negatively impacted in
the setting and reduced the contribution to the overall significance of the site.
6.4. Opportunities for Change without Damaging Sensitivities
6.4.1. Fish Passage
Existing sluice gates and bypass channels could potentially be utilised to provide a fish
passage without harming the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
26
The sluice channel to the iron forges runs along the left bank from downstream of the
duck-bill weirs and has the potential to be restored.
6.4.2. Hydropower Scheme
An existing scheme is already in place at Milford. The capacity of the current scheme
should be explored and enhanced. If additional schemes are deemed necessary then the
preference would be for the reuse of existing water channels, removing the risk of harm
to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site. There may be the
potential for using other sluices at either the Iron Forge or the Cotton mills without
significant impact upon the site.
6.5. Potential Interventions and Degree at Risk
6.5.1. The following potential intervention has been identified in the report produced by JBA
Consulting.
6.5.2. Fish passage on left bank
The location of a fish passage on the left bank would minimise the impact on the
aesthetic value of the weir and wider setting.
6.6. Conclusions and Recommendations
6.6.1. As the site lies both within the World Heritage Site and Belper & Milford Conservation
Area, where possible the preference should be for adaptation of existing water courses
to reduce the overall impact on the setting and aesthetic value of the sites, which will in
turn prevent harm to the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
6.6.2. In order to reduce the impact on the aesthetic values of the structures the introduction
of new materials should be where possible using traditional techniques, and
complementary and sympathetic materials e.g. masonry rather than concrete. The
visual impact of any work should be minimised as far as possible to maintain the
authenticity of the Outstanding Universal Value.
6.6.3. Any impact on evidential value should be minimised, but where necessary should be
mitigated through a process of archaeological evaluation to gain as much information
on the material lost or altered during the works.
6.6.4. The Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site Research Framework provides a list of key
questions relevant to archaeological investigation of these sites:
2C – Investigate riverine locations for archaeological traces of early mills and other
historic water management assets
4C – Investigate the impact of natural resources and geography upon the Derwent
Valley textile industry and evaluate the distinctiveness of the Derwent’s resource base
8D – Investigate the harnessing of hydropower from rivers in the Derwent catchment
and the reconciliation of competing interests
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
27
6.6.5. As specific designs are developed, a detailed Heritage Impact Assessment should take
place for each site. This will involve assessing the existing significance values (as outlined
in the criteria above) against the impact that the works will have on those values. In each
case the negative impact on the values should be minimised.
6.6.6. It is recommended that Heritage Impact Assessment takes place during the
development stage of any proposed works in coordination with the engineering group
or contractor to ensure that proposed designs do not harm the Outstanding Universal
Value of the World Heritage Site, and to minimise impact on the individual sites and
structures.
6.6.7. Larger programs of maintenance and repair should also be subject to a process of
Heritage Impact Assessment.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
28
7.0 Darley Abbey Mill Weirs, Darley Abbey
7.1. Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site
7.1.1. In 2001 Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage
List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
7.1.2. Sites included on the World Heritage List are protected under the UNESCO Convention
Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 of which the
UK Government is a signatory.
7.1.3. The statement of Outstanding Universal Value for the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site emphasises the relationship of the industrial buildings and their associated
settlements to the river Derwent, which provides a constant focal point through the
entirety of the World Heritage Site.
7.1.4. As a key component connecting the industrial buildings to the river, the weirs are at the
core of the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
7.1.5. The management plan for the World Heritage Site has as its core mission:
To maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage
Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and transmitting its unique culture,
heritage, economy and landscape in a sustainable manner.
7.1.6. Any proposed works which have the potential to cause harm to the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage Site are unacceptable.
7.1.7. Any proposed works should utilise opportunities for intervention or change which do
not harm the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
7.2. Heritage Designations
DERWENT VALLEY MILLS WORLD HERITAGE SITE List Entry No.: 1000100
Darley Abbey Mill Weirs, Darley Abbey falls within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. The
Statement of Outstanding Universal Value specifically highlights the importance of the relationship of
the industrial buildings and settlements to the river and topography. It should therefore be considered
that any scheme of works that impact upon the weirs has the potential to harm the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage site.
DARLEY ABBEY WEIR – List Entry No. 1420572
Darley Abbey Weir is Grade II listed, principally due to its association with the Grade I listed Darley
Abbey Mills complex, and for the industrial processes associated with the Derwent Valley Mills World
Heritage Site.
DARLEY ABBEY CONSERVATION AREA- Derby City Council
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
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Darley Abbey Conservation Area was established by Derby City Council in 1970. The main reason for
the designation is the high survival of the industrial village built by Thomas Evans in the 18th and early
19th centuries.
7.3. Assessment of Significance
7.3.1. Evidential Value
The presence of archaeological remains, dating to the medieval Darley Abbey on the
artificial island in the middle of the weir increases the likelihood of further remains
elsewhere on the site.
As at other sites there is a high potential for survival of the remains of pre-industrial
structures such as mills, fishing weirs or crossing places, which is increased by the
proximity of Roman fort at Little Chester.
The weir provides evidence for the industrial development of the area, and the
associated mill complexes of Boars Head Mills and the now-demolished paper mill.
7.3.2. Historical Value
Darley Abbey Mill Weir has a direct association with Thomas Evans, a contemporary and
associate of Richard Arkwright, and to the development of the industrial complex of
Darley Abbey Mills and the associated settlement of Darley Abbey.
7.3.3. Aesthetic Value
The weir at Darley Abbey Mill clearly articulates the relationship between the mill,
settlement, and riverine topography in a landscape setting that has been relatively
unchanged since the 19th century. This relationship is at the core of the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage Site.
7.3.4. Communal Value
The weir is easily visible from public rights of way and parks along the river, and forms a
significant component of the Darley Abbey Conservation Area.
Darley Abbey Mill contains a number of industrial and shopping outlets as well as a
restaurant that overlooks the weir which increase access to and interaction with the
weir.
Derwent Valley Weirs Heritage Assessment
30
7.3.5. Setting
The large industrial complex of Darley Abbey Mills and the industrial settlement of
Darley Abbey village make a strong positive contribution to the overall significance of
the heritage asset.
7.4. Opportunities for Change without Damaging Sensitivities
7.4.1. Currently there is no requirement for change or alteration at Darley Abbey Weirs.
7.5. Potential Interventions and Degree at Risk
7.5.1. There are currently no planned interventions at Darley Abbey Weirs.
7.6. Conclusions and Recommendations
7.6.1. Regular maintenance should be conducted under an established set of guidelines
produced by a suitably qualified Conservation professional.
7.6.2. Larger programs of maintenance and repair should also be subject to a process of
Heritage Impact Assessment.