1. 1. whoever = anyone who whomever = anyone whom whosever = anyone whose whatever = anything that whichever = any/either one of them that

2. 2. Not until + S1 + V1... + Aux/be + S2 + V2....

Grammar in UseGrammar in Use

Examples:Examples:

1. They have stated that whoever (= anyone who) was born first in

a family usually developed leadership tendencies early in life.

2. You can give the flower to

whomever (= anyone whom) you like.3. Andy is willing to do whatever

(= anything that) his girlfriend

asks him to do.

Examples:Examples:

A. 根據句型及提示字，完成下列句子

1. (anyone who)

spread the rumor is not welcome

here.

2. Please give the book to __________

(anyone whose) name it has on it.

Whoever

whosever

3. We have to prepare ___________

(anything that) is needed for the

picnic.

4. Here are some fashion magazines;

you can take ___________ (any one

of them that) you like.

whatever

whichever

5. Jason will give the free samples

to ___________ (anyone whom)

he meets on the street.

whomever

B. 根據句型，將適當的複合關係代 名詞填入空格中，以完成段落。 Sandy is going to throw a party to

celebrate her seventeenth birthday. As

the host, she will send an invitation card

to 1 she likes, and 2 responds to the invitation

will be able to attend her party.

whomever

whoever

At the party, she will prepare lots

of food and drinks; the guests can

enjoy 3 they want to eat.

She also plans to have a game in

which 4 shoes are red

will receive a gift.

whatever

whosever

What’s more, she will prepare

several video games for the guests;

they can play 5 game

they are interested in. Sandy believes

it will definitely be an unforgettable

birthday party.

whichever

Example:Example:The woman could not begin to modify

her behavior until she understood her

tendencies.

→ Not until the woman understood her

tendencies could she begin to

modify her behavior.

A. 根據句型，改寫下列的句子1. The mother didn’t go to bed until

her daughter returned home.

→ ________________________

________________________

Not until her daughter returned

home did the mother go to bed.

2. The man did not tell the truth

until the police officer questioned

him.

→ ________________________

________________________

_________ ______________

Not until the police officer

questioned the man did he tell

the truth.

3. I could not solve the math problem

until the teacher explained it to me.

→ ________________________

________________________

________________________

Not until the teacher explained

the math problem to me could I

solve it.

4. You will not understand that life is

full of ups and downs until you get

older.

→ ________________________

________________________

________________________

Not until you get older will you

understand that life is full of

ups and downs.

5. People will not know the value

of their health until they lose it.

→ ________________________

________________________

________________________

Not until people lose their

health will they know the

value of it.

B. 下頁是一位高職學生 Kevin 寄 給專欄作家 Anne 尋求建議的信 件以及 Anne 的回信，根據句型 改寫下頁畫底線的句子。

Dear Anne,Yesterday, I had a fight with my dad. I had long dreamed of buying the latest model of cell phone, and I finally bought this with my credit card. However, 1I did not tell my dad about this until I asked him for money to pay my credit card bill.1. ____________________________________ ____________________________________Not until I asked my dad for money to pay

my credit card bill did I tell him about this.

It was not surprising that he was mad. He said

I was wasting money because my old cell phone

was still in good condition. I got upset and

yelled at him. 2I did not know I had hurt my

dad’s feelings until I saw an expression of

sadness on his face.

2. ____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

Not until I saw an expression of sadness on

my dad’s face did I know I had hurt hisfeelings.

However, I didn’t say anything to him. I feel guilty. What can I do?Yours truly,Kevin

Dear Kevin,It’s always a tough job to be a parent. It’s even harder to support a family. 3You will not realize this until you have your own family.3. ___________________________________ ___________________________________Not until you have your own family will

You realize this.

In addition, 4you will not know the difference between needing and wanting until you grow older. I think you should apologize to your dad.

4. _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

Not until you grow older will you knowthe difference between needing and wanting.

Talk to him and let him know you are sorry.

Believe me. 5You will not know the

importance of your words until you see your

father’s smile. Good luck!

Best regards,

Anne

5. __________________________________

__________________________________

Not until you see your father’s smile will

you know the importance of your words.