1 Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014 Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive

1Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014

Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European

Union Abstract : The application of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union

will require a dense and frequent monitoring of chlorophyll-a near the coast. Not counting the transitional water bodies located in the vicinity of estuaries, not less than seventy four coastal water bodies have to be monitored along the coast of the French Atlantic continental shelf and the English Channel. All the available data have to be gathered to implement a comprehensive monitoring scheme.

To this purpose, the capacity of ocean colour imagery to complete the conventional in situ data set collected in coastal networks have been evaluated. Satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentration is obtained by the application of a coastal Look-Up-Table to water-leaving radiance of the different Instrument Sensor (SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS) for the 1998–2014 period.

For more than 15 years now, satellite-derived and in situ chlorophyll-a concentrations (in situ data of the French monitoring networks Ifremer REPHY and SOMLIT/CNRS) have been compared at more than 20 representative stations of different water bodies. These comparisons show that the satellite products are reliable in most of the situations studied and throughout the seasons. These results have also been confirmed by users of the satellite data operating in the coastal waters of the Northern Western Shelf within MarCoast1&2 (ESA), ECOOP (UE) …

Satellite imagery is used to classify the coastal waters for the eutrophication risk criterion of the WFD. This classification is made according to the percentile-90 of chlorophyll-a calculated during the productive season, from March to October.



Union

The REPHY is fully dedicated to the monitoring of the phytoplankton

Observation and Monitoring Network for Phytoplankton and Phycotoxins

•Geographical area : the whole coast of France + French overseas islands

•Implemented by Ifremer since 1984

•Two objectives

-environmental : long term time-series for phytoplankton populations -sanitary : monitoring of toxic phytoplankton

The 2main monitoring networks in France

-RESOMAR (INSU/CNRS) : RESeau des Stations et Observatoires MArins

-REPHY (Ifremer): REseau d'Observation et de Surveillance du PHYtoplancton et des Phycotoxines



Union REPHY and SOMLIT in situ-reference station for MODIS and MERIS calibration

The 28 selected stations

3 environmental satellite-derived and validated parameters : Chl-a, SPM and Turbidity



Union

CHLOROPHYLL-a MODIS 2003-2009

Extract of the « Atlas de la Température, de la concentration en Chlorophylle et de la Turbidité de surface du plateau continental français et de ses abords de l’Ouest européen. » DCSMM report Ifremer january 2011. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00057/16840/14306.pdf

Validation with in-situ data



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CHLOROPHYLL-a MERIS 2007-2009

Extract of: Joint use of satellite and in situ data for coastal monitoring. Special edition of Ocean Science for ECOOP. http://www.ocean-sci.net/7/705/2011/os-7-705-2011.pdf


MEAN P90



Union

Turbidity MODIS and MERIS

Extract of the « Atlas de la Température, de la concentration en Chlorophylle et de la Turbidité de surface du plateau continental français et de ses abords de l’Ouest européen. » DCSMM report Ifremer January 2011.




Union

Monitoring for the WFD (Water Framework Directive)Indicators of the phytoplankton quality

Biomass (Chl-a), Abundance (number of blooms), Harmful blooms

The quality indicator for the biomass is the percentile 90 of the Chl-a during the

productive period (March to October)

Ecological Status High Good Moderate Poor Bad

Level of the P90 chl-a (mg.m-3) 0 – 5 5 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 40 > 40

Ecological Status High Good Moderate Poor Bad

Level of the P90 chl-a (mg.m-3) 0 – 5 5 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 40 > 40


Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union

Limits of the WFD water bodies

The best contribution of the satellite is clearly the spatial coverage



New P90 maps on marine regions are provided for the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive



15 july

The bloom starts on the stratified area observed on the Sea Surface Temperature map of July 19th

+ 2 sea samples are collected and analysed by CEFAS

>1 million de cells/L

22 july

+

The fisheries Department of the states of Guernsey is alerted on July 19th

19 july

Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms (here Karenia mikimotoi)

Example of the 2010 summer Bloom in the western channel



Observations of the biodiversity and the Harmful Algal blooms

4 dinoflagellates are simultaneously blooming on August 2012

The blooms of L. chlorophorum (1) and K. mikimotoi can be identified from space.

Lepidodinium chlorophorum

1

Karenia mikimotoi3

2Alexandrium minutum

Ostreopsis ovata

4A new project of participatory science Phenomer will also make use of satellite data

http://www.phenomer.org/

Documents

1 Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014 Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive