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Warm Up:

• You may use your notes but not your classmates’- all the answers should be in your notes. If they aren’t, you need to copy a friends’ after class or come talk to me!

• Washington’s Foreign Policy:–Why were France & England at war?–Why did France think the U.S. should help them?–What actions did Washington take in response to the war between Great Britain and France (1793)?

Adams Administration Foreign Policy1797-1801

Challenges to Isolationism

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Adams’ Administration....

• Inherits Washington’s belief that the US should remain ISOLATIONIST• But also is still dealing with the war between

Britain and France• Both sides STILL want the US’ support

• So what should Adams do...?

John Adams faced many challenges while trying uphold Washington’s policy of isolationism.As a group,

1)Interpret Documents A-G....

2) You will argue that Adams should CONTINUE or BREAK AWAY from the policy of isolationism. (thesis)

3) You will come up with 3 reasons (arguments supported by evidence)

Evidence from THREE DIFFERENT sources must be cited.This must be written out in complete sentences. Each

group must state their thesis, make 3 reasons supported with evidence, and EXPLAIN how they link to

your thesis.

REMINDERS:

Pay attention to the DATE of each document to put them in CONTEXT.

Use all notes and prior knowledge to help you interpret the documents.

All claims & evidence used should support your thesis.

Example:

•Thesis: The Adams administration should abandon its policy of isolationism, because the U.S. owes military

support to France in its war against Great Britain. •Reason #1: According to Doc. C, it owes support

because... •Reason #2: Also, Adams should provide military aid to

France, because... (Doc. E). •Conclusion: Therefore, because of #1 and #2, the U.S. must remain loyal to France and support their military action against Great Britain, breaking from

Washington’s isolationist ideology.

Example:

•Thesis: The Adams administration should abandon its policy of isolationism, because it owes military support

to France in its war against Great Britain. •Claim #1: It owes support, because in 1778, the

United States needed France’s support to win independence. The U.S. signed the Treaty of Alliance with France in 1778 ensuring that we would not enter

into “either Truce or Peace with Great Britain” unless it was mutually agreed upon (Doc. C).

•Claim #2: Jay’s Treaty violates the U.S’ existing allegiance to France by “establishing universal peace”

between the U.S. and Great Britain (Doc. E). •Link: Therefore, because the U.S.’ treaty with France stands precedent, President Adams must remain loyal

to France and support their military action against Great Britain, breaking from Washington’s isolationist

ideology.

warm up

• Use the Documents at your table

• Quote or paraphrase the ONE piece of evidence you find most compelling or persuasive (it can be one you used last class)

• Briefly explain the argument that the evidence supports (remaining isolationist, allying with France, allying with Britain)

• Explain HOW it supports your argument

Adams Administration Foreign Policy1797-1801

Challenges to Isolationism

U.S’ History with Great Britain:After the Treaty of Paris (1783), Great Britain:

Refused to remove their navy from the Great LakesRefused to abandon forts on the Western frontierIncited native rebellions against the United StatesHijacked American merchant ships and impressed sailors into the Royal Navy

1794 – U.S. signs Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain:

Makes Britain a preferred trading partner of the U.S.

Britain agrees to abandon western forts and remove Royal Navy from Great Lakes

U.S’ History with Great Britain:

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U.S’ History with France:1778 – Franco-American Alliance:

Both sides agree to: ‣back each other militarily,‣be primary trading partners, ‣agree not to make any treaties with Great Britain

France (and many Americans) see Jay’s Treaty (1794) as a violation of this agreement

France is outraged...they believe it’s a violation of their 1778 agreement

France’s navy starts seizing U.S. merchant ships headed for British ports

U.S. has no navy to protect its shipping industry

Era of Era of Hostilities Hostilities

with Francewith FranceUnable to export Unable to export goods b/c ships goods b/c ships

being seized in way being seized in way to Britainto Britain

Domestic Domestic earnings earnings stagnatestagnate

1797 – John Adams sends diplomats to France to negotiate an end to the hostilities. French minister refuses to meet with the U.S. commission unless he receives a bribe of $250,000

‣Becomes known to the American press as the XYZ Affair

‣“Money, money, money!” says the five-headed monster

1798 – Quasi-War (undeclared naval war) erupts with France.

Second Annual Message of John Adams (1789)

‣ Informing Congress about the problems resulting from the XYZ Affair‣ Calls seizing cargo of American ships and “act of war” that must be resisted

Quasi-War with France (1798-1800)Quasi-War with France (1798-1800)

Retaliation for Jay’s TreatyLack of support for France in their current

war with Britain

★Adams was pressured by Federalists in cabinet to go to war.★He resisted asking for an official declaration of war, but began arming merchant ships.

French motives for Quasi War:

American motives for Quasi War:•French naval vessels attacked American merchant ships bound for England•French minister attempts to extort a bribe from US representatives to restore diplomacy (XYZ Affair)

Adams’ Domestic Policy1798 and 2001...more connected than they may

seem

ACLU Files Lawsuit Against Patriot Act

What does ACLU stand for?

What do you think their purpose is?

Why is the ACLU filing this lawsuit?

ACLU Legal Team v. Justice Department Legal Team

Using the Patriot Act and the Bill of Rights...

- YOU pick a partner- Select & write out 3 pieces of evidence you

would use to support your position.- Select & write out 1 piece of evidence that you

can use to defend yourself against the opposition.

- You will turn in your evidence at the end of class.

Your evidence will soon be used to confront an opposing pair- make sure it is compelling &

convincing!

•Starting class on Monday- you will evaluate the arguments of your peers.

•Come to class with all evidence prepared

•You will evaluate and be evaluated by your peers

Personal Reflection:

The Patriot Act was passed by Congress in the aftermath of 9/11 and in the midst of

the Bush Administration’s “War on Terror.”

Should the federal government have the power to limit civil liberties during wartime or during times of national

emergency? Why or why not?

(Copy this question onto your paper & respond)

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

In 1798, the Federalist dominated Congress and the Adams administration passed four bills that became known as the Alien & Sedition Acts:

•Required a 14 year residency period for aliens prior to naturalization as a U.S. citizen•Gave the President power to deport “all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States”•Allowed for the arrest and deportation of resident adult aliens from a hostile nation during wartime•Prohibited the publication of “scandalous and malicious” writings against the government or its officials, under penalty of fine or imprisonment

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

What was a potential motive of the Adams Administration in passing these acts…

a) …given what we know about U.S. foreign relations at the time?

b) …given what we know about the domestic political issues of the time?