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Value

Techniques

Experiences

Attitude

Keep walking

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• Pareto and 80/20 rules

• Causes and effect diagram

• Histogram

• Check-sheet techniques

• Control Charts

• Graphic presentation of data: Pie, Bar, Line, Radar, etc.

• Correlation analysis: Scatter plot

QC Circle

Small Group Activities

TPM Group

3

Quantitative (Numeric) data

Discrete

Continuous

Qualitative (Categorical) data

Ordinal

Nominal

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Applications

• To analyze process and discover items to be improved

• To research process capability

• To control the process (in a time series)

• To verify effects of an improvement

Dispersion

Stratified by separate machines, operators, times of day, material

5

Applications

• To establish targets for control and improveme

nt

• To verify results of control and improvement ac

tivities

Identify the most important causes that contribute to a great effect

6

Applications

• To understand relative sizes of numbers

• To understand trends over time

• To understand percentages of total

0

20

40

60

80

100

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

East

West

North

Annual Performance : East

1st Qtr

2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

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Applications

• To study correration

• To determine the most appropriate levelfor control

Discover relationships: causes & effects,

between different causes/effects

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Applications

• To understand the relationship between effect

characteristics and causes factors

• To clarify problem areas and establish corrective actions

• To establish control items and perfect cross-positional

management

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• Clearly define a characteristic as a problem

• Identify all factors

• Sort out the factors into the diagram

• Check if any change in factor causes a corresponding

change in characteristic

and vice versa

• Check if the end factor can change its condition

• Determine important factors

• Devise countermeasures to those important ones

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Applications

• Inspections

• Records

• Tests

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Applications

• To control a process

• To analyze a process

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• Process analysis

• Work study

• Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

• Design of Experiments (DOE)

• Value Engineering (VE)

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0. Define the problem

1. Collect data

2. Analyze the data

3. Generate alternatives

4. Evaluate the alternatives

5. Develop an action plan

6. Implement

7. Follow up

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