1

The technology

For Drawing from the complete list on a tape Office it is required previously «to pull "out" the buttons and to place the given buttons in adjusted bar user , equal in rights with bar (button) Main, the Insert, Sectoring of page etc. In Excel 2010 with this purpose is necessary to execute teams:

Вкладка Файл — Параметры— Вкладка Настройка ленты... — В списке Выбрать команды выделить: Все команды — Создать пользовательскую вкладку (группу) — Выделить созданную пользовательскую вкладку (или группу ) и Переименовать — Выбрать в списке команды Фигуры, Заливка и т.д. ( все команды нужные для рисования)...

Кнопка Добавить выбранные команды.

2

File Button - Click on this button to get access to many different options available in excel. Printing and saving files can be found here.

Ribbon - This is the primary location for all Excel commands

The area of Excel shown in the image below is called the ribbon. The ribbon is where many different functions of Excel can be accessed. The ribbon is arranged into different groups which all contain related functions. These groups are separated by different tabs.

3

Home Tab: This is the tab that you will probably spend the most time on. The home tab contains most basic functions such as text style, borders, alignment, cell formatting and more…

The ribbon also has contextual tabs which only appear when certain objects (charts, equations, wordart etc…), are selected. In these contextual tabs tools appear which are specifically related to the selected object.

Developer: The developer tab is not visible by default. This tab contains items that are useful for programmers. To access the developer tab you must click on File, the select options, after you select options you click on customize ribbon and on the right of the dialog box you will check the box next to where it says Developer.

4

Just as contextual tabs were made available when inserting an equation, so will they be made available when inserting other objects such as charts, clipart, wordart etc… The key to really understanding Excel is to play with it to see for yourself what we are teaching you.

5

2.1.4. Test questionsWhat steps are included in the methodology of structural

planning?What is the network graph?What the properties of a network schedule?What is the critical work?What is the critical path?What are the steps to find the critical path?How is the earliest start time?How is the latest start time?How to find the critical work to take account of early and late start

time?

6

What is a reserve running time?How to reserve time work can be used?What is a Gantt chart?Give an example of a Gantt chart.What is the purpose schedule resource usage?How to schedule resource usage can be found overload

resource?Give an example schedule resource usage.What is the essence of the operational management?What actions to take when the rescheduling of the project in the

operational management?

7

Structural planning of development software

Structural planning includes the following steps:1.Splitting the project into a set of individual tasks, which are

required for the project;2.Building a network graph that describes the sequence of work;3.Timing of evaluation and analysis within the network schedule.

8

2.1.1.1. Major role in the structural planning stage is a network schedule.Network Diagram - is a directed graph in which the vertices of the project identified, and arcs - temporal relationship work.

Network graph must satisfy the following properties.

Every work corresponds to one and only one vertex. No work can be presented on the network schedule twice. However, any work can be divided into several individual works, each of which corresponds to a separate vertex schedule.

9

No work can be started before the end all directly preceding it work. That is, if several arcs enter in a vertex , then the work can begin only after the completion of all works, of which miss these arcs.

No one job, that immediately follows some work, can not begin until its completion. In other words, if the several arcs output from the work out , then none of the works, which include those of the arc, can not begin until the end of this work.

10

4. The beginning and end of the project works are marked with a zero duration. These works are called milestones and indicate the beginning or end of the most important phases of the project.

Example. As an example, consider the project "Development of software". Assume that the project consists of works whose characteristics are given in Table 2.1.

11Assume that the project consists of works whose characteristics are given in Table 2.1.

Numbers of Works, Names, Durations

12

A network graph for the project is shown in Figure 2.1. It peaks corresponding to normal operation, encircled by a thin line, as thick lines correspond the project milestones.

In circles there are numbers of works

13

Network Diagram allows for specified durations of work to find the critical work of the project and its critical path.

Critical work refers to as, for which the delay of its beginning will result in a delay of a termination date of the project as a whole. Such works have no a reserve of time. The not critical works have some reserve of time, and within the limits of this reserve their beginning can be detained..

14

Critical path - the path from the initial to the final top network schedule, only passing through critical work. Total duration of the work of the critical path determines the minimum time of the project.

Finding the critical path is reduced to finding critical works and performed in two stages.

Calculation of earliest start time of each activity of the project. This value indicates the time before which the work can not be started.

ti – implementation time of workTp(i) – earlier time performance of work

15

The calculation of the latest start time of each activity of the project. This value indicates the time after which the work can not be started without increasing the duration of the project.

We denote this value - Tп. Now Tп is taken as the beginning of the last job, and for the rest of the work later start time is calculated by the formula.

Here H - the set of works, is direct of the following behind work i.

Schematic calculations of earliest and latest start time are shown, respectively, in Fig. 2.2 and Figure 2.3.

16

Fig. 2.2. Scheme for calculating the early start time

17

Fig. 2.3. Scheme for calculating the late start time

18

Example. The critical work and critical path of the project "Development of software", the network graph is shown in Figure 2-1, and the estimated duration of the work day and are given in Table 2.1.

First, calculate the earliest start time of each work. Calculations start at the start and end with the final work of the project. The process and the results of the calculations are shown in Fig.2.4.

The first phase, in addition to the earliest start time is the overall project duration T = 39 days

19

At the next stage the later start time. Calculations start at the end and the last in the first work of the project. The process and the results of the calculations are shown in Figure 2.5.

Fig. 2.4. Calculation of early start time

20

Fig. 2.5. The calculation of the latest start time

21

Summary results of the calculations are shown in Table 2.2. It marked fill critical work. The critical path is obtained compound of critical works on the network schedule. It is indicated by dashed arrows in Fig.2.6.

Fig. 2.6. The critical path of the project

22

After calculating the values of Tр (i) and Tп (i) for each of the calculated time reserve R (i):

This value indicates how much to delay the start of work I without increasing the duration of the project

23

For critical work time reserve is zero. Therefore, the efforts of the project manager should be directed in the first instance to ensure timely completion of these works.For non-critical work time margin is greater than zero, which gives managers the ability to maneuver their start time and the resources they use.Subject to such options.

1. Delay the start of an amount not exceeding the reserve time and resources required for its operation are sent to perform work on the critical path. This can give a critical reduction in the duration of work and the project as a whole;

24

2.1.2. SchedulingAt the stage of scheduling developed schedule, called a Gantt chart. Gantt chart displays the following parameters of the project:

Structure of the work generated by a network graph;of the type of resources and their distribution between jobs;calendar dates, which tied the beginning and completion of the

work.

How To...Create a Basic Gantt Chart in Excel 2010 - YouTube.mp4

Project Timeline with Excel Gantt Chart - YouTube.mp4

Easy Gantt, Pareto & Other Named PowerPoint Charts - YouTube.mp4

Excel 2010- Sorting - YouTube.mp4

Gantt Chart - Microsoft Excel 2010 Tutorial - How to make a Gantt Chart - YouTube.mp4

25

:

Works and Resources

26

Choose the project start date - September 7, 2009. (Monday). In drawing up the timetable takes into account only the working days. Are all the non-working Saturdays and Sundays and public holidays, the closest of which - 4 November.Time schedule (Gantt chart) is shown in Figure 2.7, where the rhombus are marked milestones, solid lines - the duration of the work, the solid lines with arrows - reserve time, dashed lines - the connection between the end of the preceding and following the start of operations.

27

Based on the Gantt chart can be plotted utilization of resources. This graph shows the percentage of the labor load a specific resource in the course of the project.

On the abscissa the time interval of the project, and the vertical axis - the total percentage occupancy performer on all project tasks that it performs at the current time.

28

Usually performer entirely busy with a task, and at its conclusion goes to the next. This corresponds to 100% load. However, in some cases it can be simultaneously involved in two or more tasks, allocating part of their decision-time.

For example, two tasks for 50% each, that is, half of the day on the task. Schedule resource usage allows in this case to control the total employment of the Executive and to identify possible periods of congestion, when he planned more work than can be done during the day. This is evidenced by the total load of more than 100%.

29

An example of resource usage graphs project "Development of software" is shown in ris.2.8. It is built on the assumption that each employee engaged in the performance of 100% of the tasks planned. The graphs show that the director busy from 16 to 23 October, as the gap he appointed two parallel work. His areas of congestion on the appropriate schedule is highlighted by shading.

30

Fig. 2.8. An example of resource usage graphs project "Development of software" is shown in ris.2.8.

31

2.1.3. Operational controlAt the stage of operational management is the performance of work on the project and continuous control over the course of its implementation. No matter how good was the original plan, life will it necessarily their adjustments.

32

Therefore, the task manager are:

1.Tracking the actual schedule;2.compare actual to planned schedule;3.decision to eliminate emerging deviations from the plan;rescheduling of the project in the event of significant deviations.

The first two problems are solved by means of a Gantt chart. It works in parallel lines duration plotted lines indicating the percentage of the actual implementation of these works. This makes it easy to detect deviations occurred.

33

The method depends on the elimination of deviations available to the resource manager. To complete the work can be delayed or attract additional workers (more resources), or use the same structure of employees in overtime mode. In both cases, the elimination of the deviation would have to pay the increased cost of the project (previously unscheduled payment of additional employees, resources and overtime).

34

If the deviation is such that can not be fixed something and overtime resources, or increase the cost of the project is unacceptable, it is necessary to re-design and re-plan the following:

1.Completion of the work assigned zero duration;2.For partially completed work, the values of duration, the

remainder of the volume of work;3.In the network are made structural changes to eliminate

unnecessary work and caught the addition of other, previously unplanned;

4.Recalculate the critical path and re-scheduling of the project.

35

After creating the revamped project management, it is approved and begins its implementation and operational management. This adjustment can be performed several times.

The Russian government has approved the draft of the 2009 budget adjusted

Height of a skyscraper in St. Petersburg to host the headquarters of "Gazprom oil" may be close to 500 meters.

36

2.1.4. Test questionsWhat is a reserve running time?How to reserve time work can be used?What is a Gantt chart?Give an example of a Gantt chart.What is the purpose schedule resource usage?How to schedule resource usage can be found overload

resource?Give an example schedule resource usage.What is the essence of the operational management?What actions to take when the rescheduling of the project in the

operational management?

37

Возврат