1 The OSHAct, Standards, and Liability CHAPTER 2

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The OSHAct, Standards, and Liability

CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2

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CONTENTCONTENT

Rationale for the OSH ActRationale for the OSH Act

OSHA’s Mission and PurposeOSHA’s Mission and PurposeOSH Act CoverageOSH Act Coverage

OSHA StandardsOSHA Standards

OSHA’s General Industry StandardsOSHA’s General Industry StandardsStandards and CodesStandards and Codes

How Standards Are DevelopedHow Standards Are Developed

OSHA Standards vs. OSHA RegulationsOSHA Standards vs. OSHA Regulations

How Standards Are Adopted, Amended, or RevokedHow Standards Are Adopted, Amended, or Revoked

How to Read an OSHA StandardHow to Read an OSHA Standard

Temporary Emergency StandardsTemporary Emergency Standards

How to Appeal a StandardHow to Appeal a Standard

Confined Space StandardConfined Space Standard

Hazardous Waste StandardHazardous Waste Standard

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Rationale for the OSHActRationale for the OSHAct

“…“…to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources”and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources”

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct), 1970.Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct), 1970.

The most debilitating experience one can have on the job is to be The most debilitating experience one can have on the job is to be involved in, or exposed to, involved in, or exposed to, a work related accident or illness.a work related accident or illness.

Effects:Effects:-Psychologically stressful for the victim’s fellow workers-Psychologically stressful for the victim’s fellow workers-Extraordinarily expensive for the victim’s employer-Extraordinarily expensive for the victim’s employer

Congress passed the OSH Act with the following stated purpose:Congress passed the OSH Act with the following stated purpose:

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According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in developing According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in developing this comprehensive and far-reaching piece of legislation, this comprehensive and far-reaching piece of legislation, Congress considered the following statistics:Congress considered the following statistics:

--Every year, an average of 14,000 deaths was caused by Every year, an average of 14,000 deaths was caused by workplace accidents.workplace accidents.

-Every year, 2.5 million workers were disabled in workplace -Every year, 2.5 million workers were disabled in workplace accidents.accidents.

-Every year, approximately 300,000 new cases of occupational -Every year, approximately 300,000 new cases of occupational diseases were reported.diseases were reported.

Uniform law was needed to help reduce the incidence of work-Uniform law was needed to help reduce the incidence of work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths and the related injuries, illnesses, and deaths and the OSH Act 1970 OSH Act 1970 addressed this need.addressed this need.

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OSHA’s Mission and PurposeOSHA’s Mission and Purpose

According to the Department of Labor, OSHA’s mission According to the Department of Labor, OSHA’s mission and purpose can be summarized as follows:and purpose can be summarized as follows:

- Encourage employers and employees to reduce workplace hazardsEncourage employers and employees to reduce workplace hazards- Implement new safety and health programsImplement new safety and health programs- Improve existing safety and health programsImprove existing safety and health programs- Encourage research that will lead to innovative ways of dealing with Encourage research that will lead to innovative ways of dealing with

workplace safety and health problemsworkplace safety and health problems- Establish the rights of employers regarding the improvement of Establish the rights of employers regarding the improvement of

workplace safety and healthworkplace safety and health- Establish the rights of employees regarding the improvement of Establish the rights of employees regarding the improvement of

workplace safety and healthworkplace safety and health

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- Monitor job-related illnesses and injuries through a system of Monitor job-related illnesses and injuries through a system of reporting and record keepingreporting and record keeping

- Establish training programs to increase the number of safety and Establish training programs to increase the number of safety and health professionals and to improve their competence continuallyhealth professionals and to improve their competence continually

- Establish mandatory workplace safety and health standards and Establish mandatory workplace safety and health standards and enforce those standardsenforce those standards

- Provide for the development and approval of state-level workplace Provide for the development and approval of state-level workplace safety and health programssafety and health programs

- Monitor, analyze, and evaluate state-level safety and health Monitor, analyze, and evaluate state-level safety and health programsprograms

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OSHAct CoverageOSHAct Coverage

-The OSH Act Applies to most employers.-The OSH Act Applies to most employers.

--If an organization has even one employee, it is considered an If an organization has even one employee, it is considered an employer and must comply with applicable sections of the act.employer and must comply with applicable sections of the act.

-In general, the OSH Act covers employers in all 50 states, -In general, the OSH Act covers employers in all 50 states, District of District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and all other territories that fall under the Columbia, Puerto Rico, and all other territories that fall under the jurisdiction of the U.S. government.jurisdiction of the U.S. government.

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Exempted employers are:Exempted employers are:

Persons who are self –employedPersons who are self –employed

Family farms that employ only immediate members of the familyFamily farms that employ only immediate members of the family

Federal agencies covered by other federal statutes ( in cases where Federal agencies covered by other federal statutes ( in cases where these other federal statutes do not cover working conditions in a specific these other federal statutes do not cover working conditions in a specific area or areas, OSHA standards apply)area or areas, OSHA standards apply)

State and local governments (except to gain OSHA’s approval of a state-State and local governments (except to gain OSHA’s approval of a state-level safety and health plan, states must provide a program for state and level safety and health plan, states must provide a program for state and local government employees that is at least equal to its private sector plan)local government employees that is at least equal to its private sector plan)

Coal mines (coal mines are regulated by mining-specific laws)Coal mines (coal mines are regulated by mining-specific laws)

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There are many OSHA requirements to which employers There are many OSHA requirements to which employers must adhere. These requirements cover areas of concern must adhere. These requirements cover areas of concern such as the following:such as the following:

Fire protectionFire protection

Electricity Electricity

SanitationSanitation

Air qualityAir quality

Machine use, maintenance, Machine use, maintenance, and repairand repair

Posting of notices and warningsPosting of notices and warnings

Reporting of accidents and Reporting of accidents and illnessesillnesses

Maintaining written compliance Maintaining written compliance programsprograms

Employee trainingEmployee training

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OSHA StandardOSHA Standard

““In carrying out duties, OSHA is responsible for promulgating legally In carrying out duties, OSHA is responsible for promulgating legally enforceable standards. OSHA standards may require conditions, or the enforceable standards. OSHA standards may require conditions, or the

adoption or use of one or more practices, means, methods, or processes adoption or use of one or more practices, means, methods, or processes reasonably necessary and appropriate to protect workers on the job. It is the reasonably necessary and appropriate to protect workers on the job. It is the responsibility of employers to become familiar with standards applicable to responsibility of employers to become familiar with standards applicable to their establishments and to ensure that employees have and use personal their establishments and to ensure that employees have and use personal

protective equipment when required for safety. ”protective equipment when required for safety. ”U.S. Department of CommerceU.S. Department of Commerce

-Requires employers provide a workplace that is free from hazard that are likely to harm employees.

-Important because the general duty clause applies when there is no specific standard for a given situation.

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-OSHA develop standards based on its perception of need and at the -OSHA develop standards based on its perception of need and at the request of other federal agencies, state and labor governments, other request of other federal agencies, state and labor governments, other standards-setting agencies, labor organizations, or even individual standards-setting agencies, labor organizations, or even individual private citizens.private citizens.

--OSHA uses the committee approach for developing standards, both OSHA uses the committee approach for developing standards, both standing committees within OSHA and special ad hoc committees.standing committees within OSHA and special ad hoc committees.

-OSHA standing committees are the National Advisory Committee on -OSHA standing committees are the National Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety and Health (Nacosh) and the advisory Occupational Safety and Health (Nacosh) and the advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health.Committee on Construction Safety and Health.

NACOSH makes recommendations on standards to the secretary of health and human services and to the secretary of labor

Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health advises the secretary of labor and standards and regulations relating specifically to the construction industry.

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-The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), -The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), like OSHA was establish by the OSHA Act.like OSHA was establish by the OSHA Act.

OSHA is part of the Department of LaborOSHA is part of the Department of Labor

NIOSH is part of the Department of Health and Human ServicesNIOSH is part of the Department of Health and Human Services

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OSHA Standards vs. OSHA RegulationsOSHA Standards vs. OSHA Regulations

-OSHA issues both standards and regulations-OSHA issues both standards and regulations

OSHA OSHA standardsstandards address specific hazards such as working in address specific hazards such as working in confined spaces, handling hazardous waste, or working with confined spaces, handling hazardous waste, or working with dangerous chemicals.dangerous chemicals.

RegulationsRegulations are more generic in some cases than standards and are more generic in some cases than standards and more specific in others.more specific in others.

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How Standards Are Adopted, Amended, or RevokedHow Standards Are Adopted, Amended, or Revoked

Notice of proposed ruleNotice of proposed rule

Conduct a public hearing on a proposed rule or rule changeConduct a public hearing on a proposed rule or rule change

OSHA must schedule the hearing and announce the time and place in OSHA must schedule the hearing and announce the time and place in the Federal Registerthe Federal Register

Final step according to the Department of LaborFinal step according to the Department of Labor

““After the close of the comment period and public hearing, if one is held, After the close of the comment period and public hearing, if one is held, OSHA must publish in the Federal Register the full, final text of any standard OSHA must publish in the Federal Register the full, final text of any standard

amended or adopted and the date it becomes effective, along with an amended or adopted and the date it becomes effective, along with an explanation of the standard and the reasons for implementing it. OSHA may explanation of the standard and the reasons for implementing it. OSHA may

also publish a determination that no standard or amendment need to be also publish a determination that no standard or amendment need to be issued”issued”

Department of Labor.Department of Labor.

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29 CFR 1910.129 CFR 1910.1TITLE 29TITLE 29

PART 1910PART 1910

SECTION 1SECTION 1

Code of Federal Code of Federal RegulationsRegulations

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The sections are divided into four different levels of subsections, each with a The sections are divided into four different levels of subsections, each with a particular type of designator as follows:particular type of designator as follows:

First level :First level : Alphabetically using lowercase letters Alphabetically using lowercase letters in parentheses: (a) (b) (c) (d)in parentheses: (a) (b) (c) (d)

Second level :Second level : Numerically using numerals in parentheses: (1) (2) Numerically using numerals in parentheses: (1) (2) (3) (4)(3) (4)

Third level :Third level : Numerically using roman numerals in parentheses: Numerically using roman numerals in parentheses: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Fourth level :Fourth level : Alphabetically using uppercase letters in Alphabetically using uppercase letters in parentheses: (A) (B) (C) (D)parentheses: (A) (B) (C) (D)

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Temporary Emergency StandardsTemporary Emergency Standards

-OSHA is empowered to pass temporary emergency standards on an -OSHA is empowered to pass temporary emergency standards on an emergency basis without undergoing normal adoption procedures.emergency basis without undergoing normal adoption procedures.

-To justify passing temporary standards on an emergency basis, OSHA must -To justify passing temporary standards on an emergency basis, OSHA must determine that workers are in imminent danger from exposure to a hazard determine that workers are in imminent danger from exposure to a hazard not covered by existing standards.not covered by existing standards.

-Once a temporary standard has been developed, it is published in the -Once a temporary standard has been developed, it is published in the Federal Register. At this point, the standard is subjected to all other Federal Register. At this point, the standard is subjected to all other adoption steps outlined in the preceding section.adoption steps outlined in the preceding section.

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How to Appeal a StandardHow to Appeal a Standard

-A standard, either permanent or temporary, may be appealed by any person -A standard, either permanent or temporary, may be appealed by any person who is opposed it.who is opposed it.

-An appeal must be filed with the U.S Court of Appeals serving the -An appeal must be filed with the U.S Court of Appeals serving the geographic region in which the complaint lives or does business.geographic region in which the complaint lives or does business.

-Appeal paperwork must be initiated within 60 days of a standard’s approval.-Appeal paperwork must be initiated within 60 days of a standard’s approval.

-New standard is enforced as passes until a ruling on the appeal is handed -New standard is enforced as passes until a ruling on the appeal is handed downdown

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-Develop in response to the approximately 300 work-related deaths that -Develop in response to the approximately 300 work-related deaths that occur in confined spaces each year.occur in confined spaces each year.

-Applies to a broad cross section of industries that have employees working -Applies to a broad cross section of industries that have employees working in spaces with the following characteristics:in spaces with the following characteristics:

-limited openings for entry or exit-limited openings for entry or exit-poor natural ventilation-poor natural ventilation-design not intended to accommodate continuous human -design not intended to accommodate continuous human

occupancyoccupancy

Confined spacesConfined spaces such as:such as:

-manholes-manholes-storage tanks-storage tanks-underground vaults-underground vaults-pipelines-pipelines

-vats-vats-exhaust ducts-exhaust ducts-boilers-boilers-degreasers-degreasers

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-The key component in the standard is the -The key component in the standard is the permit requirementpermit requirement..

-Employers are required to develop an in-house program under which -Employers are required to develop an in-house program under which employees must have a permit to enter confined spaces.employees must have a permit to enter confined spaces.

-Employers must do the following-Employers must do the following

-Identify spaces that can be entered only by permit-Identify spaces that can be entered only by permit-Restrict access to identified spaces to ensure that only authorized -Restrict access to identified spaces to ensure that only authorized

personnel may enterpersonnel may enter-Control hazards in the identified spaces through engineering, -Control hazards in the identified spaces through engineering, revised revised

work practices, and other methods.work practices, and other methods.-Continually monitor the identified spaces to ensure that any known-Continually monitor the identified spaces to ensure that any knownhazards remain under controlhazards remain under control

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This standard specifically addresses the safety of the This standard specifically addresses the safety of the estimated 1.75 million workers who deal with hazardous estimated 1.75 million workers who deal with hazardous waste: hazardous waste workers in all situations including waste: hazardous waste workers in all situations including treatment, storage, handling, and disposal; firefighters; treatment, storage, handling, and disposal; firefighters; police officers; ambulance personnel; and hazardous police officers; ambulance personnel; and hazardous materials response team personnel.materials response team personnel.

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The requirements of this standard are as follows:The requirements of this standard are as follows:

Each hazardous waste site employer must develop a safety and health program Each hazardous waste site employer must develop a safety and health program designed to identify, evaluate, and control safety health and hazards, and provide for designed to identify, evaluate, and control safety health and hazards, and provide for emergency response.emergency response.

There must be preliminary evaluation of the site’s characteristics prior to entry by a There must be preliminary evaluation of the site’s characteristics prior to entry by a trained person to identify potential site hazards and to aid in the selction of appropriate trained person to identify potential site hazards and to aid in the selction of appropriate employee protection methods.employee protection methods.

The employer must implement a site control program to prevent contamination of The employer must implement a site control program to prevent contamination of employees. At a minimum, the program must identify a site map, site work zones, site employees. At a minimum, the program must identify a site map, site work zones, site communications, safe work practices, and the location of the nearest medical communications, safe work practices, and the location of the nearest medical assistance. Buddy system also required, so that employees can keep watch on one assistance. Buddy system also required, so that employees can keep watch on one another and provide quick aid if needed.another and provide quick aid if needed.

Employees must be trained before they are allowed to engage in hazardous waste Employees must be trained before they are allowed to engage in hazardous waste operations or emergency response that could expose them to safety and health hazards.operations or emergency response that could expose them to safety and health hazards.

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The employer must provide medical surveillance at least annually and at the end of The employer must provide medical surveillance at least annually and at the end of employment for all employees exposed to any particular hazardous substances at or employment for all employees exposed to any particular hazardous substances at or above establish exposure levels or those who wear approved respirators for 30 days or above establish exposure levels or those who wear approved respirators for 30 days or more on site.more on site.

Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment, or a Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment, or a combination of these methods, must be implemented to reduce exposure below combination of these methods, must be implemented to reduce exposure below establish exposure levels for the hazardous substances involved.establish exposure levels for the hazardous substances involved.

There must be periodic air monitoring to identify and quantify levels of hazardous There must be periodic air monitoring to identify and quantify levels of hazardous substances and to ensure that proper protective equipment is being used.substances and to ensure that proper protective equipment is being used.

The employer must set up an informational program with the names of key personnel The employer must set up an informational program with the names of key personnel and their alternates responsible for site safety and health, and the requirements of the and their alternates responsible for site safety and health, and the requirements of the standard.standard.

The employer must implement a decontamination procedure before any employee or The employer must implement a decontamination procedure before any employee or equipment leaves an area of potential hazardous exposure; establish operating equipment leaves an area of potential hazardous exposure; establish operating procedures to minimize exposure through contact with exposed equipment, other procedures to minimize exposure through contact with exposed equipment, other employees, or used clothing; and provide showers and change rooms where needed.employees, or used clothing; and provide showers and change rooms where needed.

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OSH Act in MalaysiaThe Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) is a piece of Malaysian

legislation which has been gazetted on the 25 February 1994 by the Malaysian Parliament.

The principle of the Act is "An Act to make further provision for securing that safety, health and welfare of persons at work, for protecting others against risks to safety or health in connection with the activities of

persons at work, to establish the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health and for matters connected therewith“

The Act apply through out Malaysia to the industries specified in the First Schedule, nothing in this act shall apply to work on board ships governed

by the Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952, the Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1960 of Sabah or Sarawak or the armed forces.

In Malaysia = Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Under Ministry oh Human Resources - Assessment,

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – provide training

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DOSH

Legislations:• Act – Regulations – Order – Codes of Practice

– Guidelines

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Acts Being Enforced By DOSH 1. Factories And Machinery Act 1967 (Act 139) 2. Occupational Safety And Health Act

1994 (Act 514)3. Petroleum Act (Safety Measures) 1984 (Act

302)

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Eg Regulations :• Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler And Unfired Pressure Vessel) Regulations, 1970 • Factories and Machinery (Electric Passenger And Goods Lift) Regulations, 1970 • Factories and Machinery (Fencing Of Machinery And Safety) Regulations, 1970• Factories and Machinery (Person-In-Charge) Regulations, 1970• Factories and Machinery (Safety, Health And Welfare) Regulations, 1970• Factories and Machinery (Administration) Regulations, 1970• Factories and Machinery (Certificates Of Competency-Examinations) Regulations, 1970 • Factories and Machinery (Notification, Certificate of Fitness And Inspections) Regulations, 1970• Factories and Machinery (Compounding Of Offences) Rules, 1978 • Factories and Machinery (Compoundable Offences) Regulations, 1978 • Factories and Machinery (Lead) Regulations, 1984 • Factories and Machinery (Asbestos Process) Regulations, 1986 • Factories and Machinery (Building Operations And Works Of Engineering Construction) (Safety)

Regulations, 1986 • Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations, 1989 • Factories and Machinery (Mineral Dust) Regulations, 1989 • Factories and Machinery (Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection) (Amendment) Regulations,

2004 Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel ) (Amendment) Regulations, 2005

http://www.dosh.gov.my/Informasi/PeraturanAKJ/Peraturan1.pdf









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Eg: Orders

• Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Order 1997

• Occupational Safety and Health (Prohibition of Use of Substance) Order 1999

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Eg: Codes

• Code Of Practice On Indoor Air Quality• Code Of Practice For Safe Working In A

Confined Space • Code Of Practice On Prevention And

Management Of HIV/AIDS At The Work Place• Code Of Practice On Preventing And

Responding To Drug And Alcohol Problems At Workplace

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Eg: Guidelines

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• First Schedule• Manufacturing• Mining and Quarrying• Construction• Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing• Utilities:• Electricity;• Gas;• Water; and• Sanitary Services• Transport, Storage and Communication• Wholesale and Retail Trades• Hotel and Restaurants• Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services• Public Services and Statutory Authorities

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1. The list of regulations under this Act are:2. Occupational Safety and Health (Employers' Safety and Health General Policy

Statements)(Exception) Regulations 19953. Occupational Safety and Health (Control of Industry Major Accident Hazards)

Regulations 19964. Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee) Regulations 19965. Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and Labelling of

Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations 19976. Occupational Safety and Heath (Safety and Health Officer) Regulations 19977. Occupational Safety and Health (Prohibition of Use of Substance) Order 19998. Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals

Hazardous to Health) Regulations 20009. Occupational Safety and Health (Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence,

Occupational Poisoning and Occupational Disease) Regulation 2004

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WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT STEAM BOILER ??

"Steam Boiler" means any closed vessel in which for any purpose steam is generated under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, and includes any economizer used to heat water being fed to the vessel, and any pipes and piping connected thereto.

Examples of a steam boiler governed by the Act:

1. Fire Tube Boiler2. Water Tube Boiler3. Electric Boiler4. Waste Heat Recovery Boiler 5. Steaming Autoclave 6. Steam Generator

The above vessels are direct fired or electrically heated to produce steam. The following vessels which are direct fired but did not produce steam also need to get the design approval: Thermal Oil Heater Hot Water Boiler

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WHY MUST BE APPROVED BEFORE USED?

• Steam boiler is potential hazardous pieces of equipment as its

content is under pressure. Any design or fabrication fault, or misuse could lead to an explosion and failure structure affecting the safety or strength of a steam boiler.

• A number of such explosions and failures has occurred in Malaysia and other parts of the world causing devastating damages to the buildings and human lives.

• Therefore, it is essential that these steam boiler to be stringently controlled in order to safeguard the lives of people.

• The Department of Safety and Health carries out such control by approving, registering and inspecting periodically these steam boiler.

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WHICH LAW GOVERNS THE SAFETY OF STEAM BOILER?

The design, fabrication, testing, installation, operation and maintenance of Steam Boiler are mainly governed by the Factories and Machinery Act 1967?Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967

Applicable regulations made under the act. One such regulation is the Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel) Regulation, 1970.

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OSHA’s General Industry StandardsOSHA’s General Industry Standards

-The most widely applicable OSHA standards-The most widely applicable OSHA standards

-These standards are found in -These standards are found in 29 CFR 191029 CFR 1910..

-Part 1910 consists of 21 subparts, each carrying an -Part 1910 consists of 21 subparts, each carrying an uppercase-letter designation.uppercase-letter designation.

-Subpart A and B contain no compliance -Subpart A and B contain no compliance requirementrequirement

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--Access to employee Exposure and Medical RecordsAccess to employee Exposure and Medical Records

-Employers that are required to keep medical and -Employers that are required to keep medical and exposure records must do the following:exposure records must do the following:

i)maintain the records for the duration of i)maintain the records for the duration of employment plus 30 yearsemployment plus 30 years

ii)give employees access to their individual ii)give employees access to their individual personal recordspersonal records

SUBPART C: General Safety and Health ProvisionsSUBPART C: General Safety and Health Provisions

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--Contains the standards for all surfaces on which Contains the standards for all surfaces on which employees walk or work.employees walk or work.

1910.211910.21 DefinitionsDefinitions1910.221910.22 General requirementsGeneral requirements1910.23 1910.23 Guarding floor and wall openings Guarding floor and wall openings

and holesand holes1910.241910.24 Fixed industrial stairsFixed industrial stairs

SUBPART D: Walking-Working SurfacesSUBPART D: Walking-Working Surfaces

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--Requires employers to ensure that employees have a Requires employers to ensure that employees have a safe, accessible, and efficient means of escaping a safe, accessible, and efficient means of escaping a building under emergency circumstances.building under emergency circumstances.

1910.351910.35 DefinitionsDefinitions1910.361910.36 General requirementsGeneral requirements1910.37 1910.37 Maintenance safeguards and Maintenance safeguards and

operational features for exit routesoperational features for exit routes1910.381910.38 Emergency action planEmergency action plan1910.391910.39 Fire protection planFire protection plan

SUBPART E: Means of EgressSUBPART E: Means of Egress

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--Applies to powered platforms, mechanical lifts, and Applies to powered platforms, mechanical lifts, and vehicle-mounted work platforms. vehicle-mounted work platforms.

-Apply only employers who use this type of equipment -Apply only employers who use this type of equipment in facility maintenance operations.in facility maintenance operations.

1910.661910.66 Powered-platform for building Powered-platform for building maintenancemaintenance

1910.671910.67 Vehicle-mounted elevating and Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platformsrotating work platforms

1910.681910.68 ManliftsManlifts

SUBPART F: Powered PlatformsSUBPART F: Powered Platforms

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--The most widely applicable standard in Subpart G is:The most widely applicable standard in Subpart G is:

1910.951910.95 Occupational noise exposureOccupational noise exposure

SUBPART G: Health and Environment ControlsSUBPART G: Health and Environment Controls

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--Contains four of the most widely applicable standards:Contains four of the most widely applicable standards:

1910.1061910.106 Flammable and combustible liquidsFlammable and combustible liquids1910.1071910.107 Spray finishing using flammable and Spray finishing using flammable and

combustible materialscombustible materials1910.1191910.119 Process safety management of Process safety management of

highly hazardous chemicalhighly hazardous chemical1910.1201910.120 Hazardous waste operations and Hazardous waste operations and

emergency responseemergency response

SUBPART H: Hazardous MaterialsSUBPART H: Hazardous Materials

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--Contains three of the most widely applicable standardsContains three of the most widely applicable standards

1910.1321910.132 General requirementsGeneral requirements1910.1331910.133 Eye and face protectionEye and face protection1910.1341910.134 Respiratory protectionRespiratory protection

SUBPART I: Personal Protective EquipmentSUBPART I: Personal Protective Equipment

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--Contains standards that are widely applicable because Contains standards that are widely applicable because they pertain to general housekeeping requirementsthey pertain to general housekeeping requirements

1910.1461910.146 Permit-required Permit-required **confined spaceconfined space1910.1471910.147 Control of hazardous energy Control of hazardous energy

(lockout/tagout)(lockout/tagout)

*A confined space is one that meets any or all of the following *A confined space is one that meets any or all of the following criteria:criteria:

-Large enough and so configured that a person can -Large enough and so configured that a person can enter it enter it and perform assigned work tasks thereinand perform assigned work tasks therein-Continuous employee occupancy is not intended-Continuous employee occupancy is not intended

SUBPART J : General Environment ControlsSUBPART J : General Environment Controls

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SUBPART K: Medical and First AidSUBPART K: Medical and First Aid

-The most important section of which pertains to eye--The most important section of which pertains to eye-flushing.flushing.-If employees are exposed to injurious corrosive -If employees are exposed to injurious corrosive materials, equipment must be provided for quickly materials, equipment must be provided for quickly flushing the eyes and showering the body.flushing the eyes and showering the body.-Requires medical personnel to be readily available-Requires medical personnel to be readily available

1910.1511910.151 Medical seminars and first aidMedical seminars and first aid

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-Contains the bulk of OSHA’s fire protection standard.-Contains the bulk of OSHA’s fire protection standard.-These standards detail the employer’s responsibilities -These standards detail the employer’s responsibilities concerning fire brigades, portable fire-suppression concerning fire brigades, portable fire-suppression equipment, fixed fire-suppression equipment, and fire equipment, fixed fire-suppression equipment, and fire alarm systems.alarm systems.

Fire protectionFire protection

1910.1551910.155 Scope, application, and definitions Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpartapplicable to this subpart

SUBPART L: Fire ProtectionSUBPART L: Fire Protection

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Portable Fire-Suppression EquipmentPortable Fire-Suppression Equipment

1910.1571910.157 Portable fire extinguishersPortable fire extinguishers

Fixed-Fire Suppression EquipmentFixed-Fire Suppression Equipment

1910.1591910.159 Automatic Sprinkler systemsAutomatic Sprinkler systems

Other Fire Protection SystemsOther Fire Protection Systems

1910.1641910.164 Fire detection systemsFire detection systems

SUBPART L: Fire ProtectionSUBPART L: Fire Protection

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-Contains only one standard.-Contains only one standard.-Applies to compressed-air equipment that is used in -Applies to compressed-air equipment that is used in drilling, cleaning, chipping, and hoisting.drilling, cleaning, chipping, and hoisting.

1910.1691910.169 Air receiversAir receivers

SUBPART M: Compressed Gas/AirSUBPART M: Compressed Gas/Air

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-Applies only to the handling and storage of materials, -Applies only to the handling and storage of materials, changing rim wheels on large vehicles, and the proper changing rim wheels on large vehicles, and the proper use of specific equipment identified in the standards’ use of specific equipment identified in the standards’ titles.titles.

1910.1761910.176 Handling materials-generalHandling materials-general1910.1771910.177 Servicing multi-piece and single-Servicing multi-piece and single-

piece rim wheelspiece rim wheels

SUBPART N: Materials Handling and StorageSUBPART N: Materials Handling and Storage

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-Contains standards relating to specific types of -Contains standards relating to specific types of machines. machines.

1910.2111910.211 DefinitionsDefinitions1910.2121910.212 General requirements for all General requirements for all

machinesmachines1910.2131910.213 Woodworking machinery Woodworking machinery

requirementsrequirements

SUBPART O : Machinery and Machine GuardingSUBPART O : Machinery and Machine Guarding

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-Contains the standards relating to these processes in -Contains the standards relating to these processes in all their various forms.all their various forms.-The primary safety and health concerns are fire -The primary safety and health concerns are fire protection, employee personal protection, and protection, employee personal protection, and ventilation.ventilation.

1910.2511910.251 DefinitionsDefinitions1910.2531910.253 Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cuttingOxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting1910.2541910.254 Arc welding and cuttingArc welding and cutting1910.2551910.255 Resistance weldingResistance welding

SUBPART P: Welding, Cutting and BrazingSUBPART P: Welding, Cutting and Brazing

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-Contains standards relating to the use of hand tools, -Contains standards relating to the use of hand tools, portable power tools, and compressed-air-powered portable power tools, and compressed-air-powered tools.tools.

1910.2411910.241 DefinitionsDefinitions1910.2421910.242 Hand and portable-powered tools Hand and portable-powered tools

and equipmentand equipment1910.2431910.243 Guarding of portable tools and Guarding of portable tools and

equipmentequipment

SUBPART Q: Hand Tools/Portable Power ToolsSUBPART Q: Hand Tools/Portable Power Tools

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-Subpart R deals with specific industries. Each separate -Subpart R deals with specific industries. Each separate standard relates to a different category of industry.standard relates to a different category of industry.

1910.2611910.261 Pulp, paper, and paperboard millsPulp, paper, and paperboard mills1910.2621910.262 TextilesTextiles1910.2631910.263 Bakery equipmentBakery equipment1910.2641910.264 Laundry machinery and operationsLaundry machinery and operations1910.2651910.265 SawmillsSawmills1910.2661910.266 Pulpwood loggingPulpwood logging1910.2681910.268 TelecommunicationsTelecommunications1910.2721910.272 Grain handling facilitiesGrain handling facilities

SUBPART R: Special IndustriesSUBPART R: Special Industries

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-This subpart contains standards divided into two -This subpart contains standards divided into two categories:categories:

(1)design of electrical systems(1)design of electrical systems(2)safety related work practices(2)safety related work practices

1910.3021910.302 Electric utilization systemsElectric utilization systems1910.3051910.305 Wiring methods, components, and Wiring methods, components, and

equipment for general use.equipment for general use.

SUBPART S: ElectricalSUBPART S: Electrical

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-This subpart applies only to commercial diving -This subpart applies only to commercial diving enterprises.enterprises.-The standards contained in Subpart T are divided into -The standards contained in Subpart T are divided into six categories:six categories:

(1) general(1) general(2) personnel requirements(2) personnel requirements(3) general operations and procedures(3) general operations and procedures(4) specific operations and procedures(4) specific operations and procedures(5) equipment procedures and requirements(5) equipment procedures and requirements(6) record keeping(6) record keeping

1910.4101910.410 Qualification of dive teamsQualification of dive teams1910.4221910.422 Procedures during diveProcedures during dive

SUBPART T: Commercial Diving OperationsSUBPART T: Commercial Diving Operations

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-Standard that establish permissible exposure limits -Standard that establish permissible exposure limits (PELs) for selected toxic and hazardous substances.(PELs) for selected toxic and hazardous substances.

1910.10001910.1000 Air contaminantsAir contaminants1910.14501910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous Occupational exposure to hazardous

chemicals in laboratorieschemicals in laboratories

SUBPART Z: Toxic and Hazardous SubstancesSUBPART Z: Toxic and Hazardous Substances

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Standards and CodesStandards and Codes

STANDARD STANDARD An operational principle, criterion, or requirement– or a An operational principle, criterion, or requirement– or a combination of these.combination of these.

CODECODESet of standards, rules, or regulations relating to a Set of standards, rules, or regulations relating to a specific area.specific area.

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Standards and CodesStandards and Codes

-Standards and codes play an important role in modern -Standards and codes play an important role in modern safety and health management and engineering.safety and health management and engineering.

-Written standards and codes that employees carefully -Written standards and codes that employees carefully follow can also decrease company’s exposure to costly follow can also decrease company’s exposure to costly litigation.litigation.

-Numerous organizations develop standards for -Numerous organizations develop standards for different industries. These organizations can be different industries. These organizations can be categorized as follow:categorized as follow:

GovernmentGovernmentProfessional organizationsProfessional organizationsTechnical/Trade associationsTechnical/Trade associations

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Thank You

To be continued on next lecture

Documents

1 The OSHAct, Standards, and Liability CHAPTER 2