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1
The FRBR Model(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
A presentation byDr. Barbara B. Tillett
June 15, 2002for ALA ALCTS CCS CC:DAAtlanta, Georgia
2
What Are We Cataloging?
• Library collections– Books– Serials– Maps, globes, etc– Manuscripts.– Musical scores– A-V
• sound recordings• motion pictures• photographs, slides
– Multimedia– “Remote” digital
materials
3
Objectives of Catalogs
• Cutter’s objectives for the catalog– Finding - description and access standards
– Collocating - controlled “vocabularies” for precision of searching
4
“User Tasks” - FRBR• Find (locate and collocate)• Identify• Select• Obtain
• Relate• Other possible tasks:
– Attribute Royalties to– Preserve
5
Entity-Relationship Model
• Entities
• Relationships
• Attributes
FRBR
relationship
Entity 1 Entity 2
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf
6
FRBR Entities
Group 1: Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor– Work– Expression– Manifestation– Item
7
FRBR Entities
Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content
– Person
– Corporate body
8
FRBR Entities
Group 3: Subjects of works– Groups 1 & 2 plus– Concept– Object– Event– Place
9
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
Group 1
recursive
one
many
FRBR
10
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Work
Physical -recording ofcontent
Intellectual/artistic content
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
11
FRBR Entity Levels
Work:
Expression:
Manifestation:
The Novel
Orig.Text
Transl. CriticalEdition
Paper PDF HTML
The Movie
Orig.Version
12
FRBR Entity Levels
Work:
Expression:
Manifestation:
The Novel
Orig.Text
Transl. CriticalEdition
Paper PDF HTML
The Movie
Orig.Version
Family of works
13
Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR2 (JSC)
• Task Force on Format Variation– Expression-based records– Links with manifestation records– Use of citations/uniform titles
• Update AACR terminology to use FRBR terms: – Work, Expression, Manifestation,
Item
14
Modes of Expression• Alpha-numeric• Music notation• Other notation (e.g., choreographic)• Sound• Still image• Moving image• Three-dimensional object• Combinations of above
FRBR
15
Group 1 - Relationships Inherent to the Entities
• Work “is realized by” an expression
– Expression “is embodied in” a manifestation
• Manifestation “is exemplified by” an item
–Item
FRBR
16
Relationships -Work/Expression
w1 Charles Dickens’ A Christmas carol
e1 the author’s original English text
e2 a Tamil translation by V.A. Venkatachari
FRBR, p. 59
“is realized by”FRBR
17
Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation
w1 J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variations
e1 performance by Glen Gould in 1981
m1 recording released on 331/3 rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS Records
m2 recording re-released on compact disc in 1993 by Sony
m3 digitization of the Sony re-release as MP3 in 2000
Based on FRBR, p. 59 “is embodied in”FRBR
18
Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation/Item w1 Lost treasures of the world
e1 the interactive electronic resource
m1 the CD published in 1994 by Follgard CD-
Visions
i1 first copy held by Calgary Public Library i2 second copy held by Calgary Public
Library
FRBR, p. 60“is exemplified by”
FRBR
19
FRBR Group 1 Content Relationships
• Equivalent
• Derivative
• Descriptive
Work to work relationships areinherited by hierarchically related
ExpressionsManifestationsItems
EQUIVALENT
Cataloging Rulescut-off point
Same work New work
DERIVATIVE DESCRIPTIVE
Parody
Revis ion
Translat ion
Crit icism
Variations or versions
Editions SummaryAbstractDigest
Annotated edition
Expurgatededition
DramatizationNovelizat ion
Free translation
Imitations
Evaluation
Review
Casebook
Commentary
Abridgededition
Arrangement
ScreenplayLibrettoIllustrated
edition
Sl ight modifications Adaptat ions
Change of genre
Original
Same style o r thematic content
Microformreproduction
Copy
Exactreproduction
Facsimile
Reprint
Simultaneous“publication”
Same Expression New Expression
Work
New Work B. TillettDec. 2001
21
Whole-Part Relationships
• Components
• Aggregates
22
Whole-Part Relationships
Shape = container/ carrierColor = content
WORKS WITHIN WORKSComponents/Aggregates
23
Part-to-Part Relationships
• Component to component– Sequential Relationship– Accompanying Relationship (or
Companion Relationship)• Dependent• Independent
24
Accompanying Relationships
Shape = container/ carrierColor = content
Sequential Relationships
Part-to-Part Relationships
WORKS WITHIN WORKSComponents-to-Component
25
Shared Characteristics Relationships
• Different works sharing an element (attribute) in common
26
Shared Characteristic Relationships
DIFFERENT WORKS
= data element or informationshared in common
27
Attributes
• Work– ID– Title– Date– etc.
• Expression– ID– Title– Form– Date– Language– etc.
• Manifestation– ID– Title– Statement of responsibility– Edition– Imprint (place, publisher, date)– Form/extent of carrier– Terms of availability– Mode of access– etc.
• Item– ID– Provenance– Location– etc.
FRBR
28
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Group 2
many
Person
Corporate Body
is owned by
is produced by
is realized by
is created by
FRBR
29
Relationships - Person/Work
w1 The shepheardes calendar
w2 The faerie queen
w3 Astrophel
… etc.
p1 Edmund Spenser
FRBR, p. 61
“created by”FRBR
30
Relationships - Corporate Body/Expression
e1 a 1980 performance of Allegri’s Miserere
e2 a 1986 performance of Josquin’s Missa pange lingua
e3 a 1989 performance of Lassus’ Missa osculetur me
...
cb1 The Tallis Scholars
FRBR, p. 61
“realized by”FRBR
31
Relationships - Corporate Body/Manifestation
m1 the 1965 publication by Coach House Press of Wayne Clifford’s Man in a window
m2 the 1966 publication by Coach House Press
of Joe Rosenblatt’s The LSD Leacock
m3 the 1966 publication by Coach House Press
of Henry Beissel’s New wings for Icarus...
cb1 Coach House Press
FRBR, p. 62“produced by”
FRBR
32
Relationships - Corporate Body/Item
i1 a copy of the “Penkill Proofs” of D.G. Rossetti’s Poems printed in August 1869, with manuscript annotations by the author
i2 a copy of the “A Proofs” of D.G. Rossetti’s
Poems printed in September 1869, with manuscript annotations by the author
...cb1 Princeton University Library
FRBR, p. 62
“owned by”FRBR
33
WorkGroup 3
many
has as subject
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Person
Corporate Body
Work
Concept
Object
Event
Place
has as subject
has as subject
FRBR
34
Relationships - Subject/Work
c1 Romanticism
w1 Morse Peckham’s Beyond the Tragic Vision
w2 Romanticism reconsidered, edited by Northrup Frye
...
FRBR, p. 63
“is the subject of”FRBR
35
FRBR Relations (Subject, Author, Adaptation,Translation, Part-of) between Objects (Works,Person and Expression) from VisualCat, (c) Portia 2000
P. H. Jørgensen FRBR & RDF (Rome Nov. 14, 2001)
RDF FRBR relations
Shakespeare
Banks, GeorgeAll about Shakespeare Elsinore
Romeo and Juliet
Hamlet
Hamlet - Kenneth Branagh film
Om digterensliv og værker; Hamlet
ShakespeareSamlede værker
Adaptation
Translation
Part ofSubject: Place
Subject: Person
Author
Author
36
Person
Corporate Body
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Work
Concept
Object
Event
Place
Uniform titles/Citations
Names
Subjects
Ent
itie
s
Sur
roga
tes
37
DRAFT FRANAR extension to FRBRReal
WorldEntities:e.g.,IndividualGroupEventContentObjectConceptPlaceTime
FRBREntities:PersonFamilyCorp.BodyWorkExpressionManifestationItem
NameIdentifier
Access Point
HeadingTargetTracing
Rules
Authority recordReference record
Explanatory heading
Explanatory record
Agency
May 2002
38
Virtual International Authority File (OAI Model)
39
Semantic Web Building Blocks
End-user
“Ontologies”
Web search engines
Digital world
40
International Code for Bibliographic Description and Access
• IFLA Conferences 2003+
• Collaboration with ICA, ISO, DC, W3C, etc.
• Goal = Collaborative use in multiple environments– consistency– trust – authority
41
FRBR futures
• Terminology• Concepts
– Entities– Relationships– Attributes
• Goals of bibliographic control– Finding– Collocating
42
Thank you!
Slides 10, 20, 22, 24, 26 were published in Barbara B. Tillett, “Bibliographic Relationships.” In Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green, 19-35. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.© 2001 All Rights Reserved.If these images are reused, please include this citation.