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The Elements of Art:Shape, Form, Space

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One Dimensional(1 D)length

Two Dimensional

(2 D)lengthand

height

Three Dimensional

(3 D)length,height,

andwidth

LineShape Form

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ShapeAn area

that can be measured

in two dimensions:

length and width.

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Geometric Shapes

Wassily Kandinsky, Geflecht von Oben(Network from Above) 1927

Shapes that can be described using a mathematical formula.

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Paul Klee, Landscape with Yellow Birds

Organic (Free-Form) Shapes

Shapes

derived

from nature.

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Form

Objects that can be

measured in three dimensions:

length,

width

and

height.

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Geometric Forms

Barbara Hepworth, Family of Man, 1970

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Henry Moore, Family Group, 1950

Organic Forms

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Space

The area AROUND an object

and the area WITHIN an object.

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Positive Space

The objects and shapes in an artwork.

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Negative SpaceThe empty spacearound objects in an artwork.

1963 - Sky Above Clouds III, by Georgia O’Keeffe

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Point of View

Angle at which a viewerperceives an object.

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Shading

The use of

light and dark values

to give the illusion

of form.

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Highlight

Areas of white

in an artwork

which show

where light reflects the most.

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Perspective A visual system that creates

the illusion of depth.

Raphael, School of Athens, 1511

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Perspective Techniques

Overlapping

Placing one object

in front of another.

The fullest shape

appears to be

closest to the viewer.

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Size

Making some objects

larger than others.

The largest objects

appear closest

to the viewer.

Perspective Techniques

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Perspective Techniques

Placement

Putting some objectslower in the picture than others.

The lowest objectsappear closest to the viewer.

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Perspective TechniquesDetail

Rendering objects with intricate contours

and decorations.

Objects with the most details

appear closest.

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Perspective Techniques

Atmospheric Perspective

The affects of light and moisture in the atmosphere.

Faded objects appear farther away than intensely colored objects.

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Perspective Techniques

Lines that appear

to get closer

the farther away

they are.

Converging Lines