1 TCADS, Technology & Components of Accelerator Driven Systems, March 15-17, 2010, Karlsruhe (DE) Copyright © 2009 SCKCEN MYRRHA: ADS Programme in Belgium

1TCADS, Technology & Components of Accelerator Driven Systems, March 15-17, 2010, Karlsruhe (DE)

Copyright © 2009

SCK•CEN

MYRRHA: ADS Programme in Belgium

A Multi-national Demonstration Program for Incineration of Spent Nuclear Fuel Wastes

H. Aït Abderrahim, P. Baeten, D. De BruynInst. of Advanced Nuclear Systems, SCK•CEN

[email protected]

[email protected]

TCADS, Technology & Components of Accelerator Driven Systems, March 15-17, 2010, Karlsruhe (DE) 2

Science towards Sustainability


?


wasteminimisation

better use ofresources

reducedproliferation

risks


recyclingof spent fuel

no recyclingof spent fuel

Uraniumore

Time (years)

Rad

ioto

xici

ty (

rela

tive

)

Treatment of spent nuclear fuel

transmutationof spent fuel

Duration reduction factor 1.000x

Volume reductionfactor 100x


Transmutation: a complementary solution

transmutation geo-disposal

0,16 % of total weight of

spent fuel

Np

Neptunium

Am

Americium

Cm

Curium

MinorActinides

AcceleratorDrivenSystem


Benefits of transmutation

COMPLEMENTARY SOLUTION

does not replace geo-disposal

but allows its optimisation for radiotoxicity and heat emission load :

volume reduction (factor 100)

duration reduction (factor 1.000)

Research project


Reactor• subcritical mode (50-100 MWth)• critical mode (~100 MWth)

Accelerator(600 MeV – 5 mA proton)

Fastneutronsource

Spallation source

Lead-Bismuthcoolant

Multipurposeflexible

irradiationfacility

10

MYRRHA concept

ADS “Accelerator Driven System”


multirecycling

multirecycling

Repository

UOXPWR

MOXPWR

Dedicated transmuter

system

PuMA+Pu

Pu

Lo

sses

Lo

sses

MA

+P

u

MA

Fuel fabrication

ReprocessingLo

sses

From M. Salvatores et al. (GLOBAL 2009)

Advanced fuel cycles withPartitioning and Transmutation (P&T)

ADS

or

critical

Fast Reactor


Why sub-criticality?

ProtonAccelerator

SubcriticalNeutron

Multiplier

SpallationSource

p n

ADS systems are presently studied for nuclear waste

transmutation because of the (delayed neutron fraction

which let the reactor control):

235U 650 pcm 238U 1480 pcm238Pu 120 pcm 239Pu 210 pcm240Pu 270 pcm 241Pu 490 pcm242Pu 573 pcm 237Np 334 pcm241Am 113 pcm 243Am 208 pcm242Cm 33 pcm 244Cm 100 pcm

Therefore if one wants to load large quantities of MAs in the Waste burner it should be a subcritical machine


The ADS is most efficient at Minor Actinide The ADS is most efficient at Minor Actinide TransmutationTransmutation

MA Production Rate (grams / GWh)Pu Production Rate (grams / GWh)

Figures from M. Capiello & G. Imel (ANL) (ICRS-10/RPS2004)

Efficiency of different reactor types


MYRRHA nuclear research fields

Challenge SolutionMYRRHA

contribution

FissionHigh radiotoxic

level wasteTransmutation ADS demo

FissionGEN IV

Demonstrateconcept

Build demonstrators

LFR technology demoFast spectrum

irradiation facility

FusionExtreme operating conditions

Material testing& development

Fast spectrumirradiation facility


Updated project schedule 2010 - 2024

MIRT


Balanced budget

Operational costs

46.6 M€/y

Consortiumendowment25.2 M€/y

Investment 960 M€

Building196 M€

Equipment370 M€

Engineering202 M€

Contingencies192 M€

Organisationreinforcement

14.6 M€/y

Science & Tech.revenues17.1 M€/y

Servicesrevenues

>18.8 M€/y

Operational BudgetCosts Revenues

2010 - 2023

2024 ~ 2050


Forging strong partnerships and alliances

Alliances• Securing revenues from

Users’ Communities

in-cash

in-kind

FP7

EII

loan

Belgium

FranceGermany

ItalySpain

EU

EIB

ROW (ROK, JP, USA, …

Engineering

Building

Equipment

Owners’ Consortium Group• Co-sharing investment cost

• Co-sharing exploitation cost


Capital expenditure: 2010 - 2024

1st phase (5 y)Belgium 60 M€


Funding the next phase of work: 2010-2014

FEED(Front End Engineering

Design)

Minimisetechnological

risks

Securethe licensing

Implement a sound

management structure

PDPpreliminary dismantling

plan

PSARpreliminary

safety assesment

EIARenvironmental

impact assesment

CentralProjectTeam

OwnerEngineering

Team

OwnerConsortium

Group

1

2

3


What is left to do?

today

action plan2010 - 2014

2015 - 2023


Conclusions

Advanced nuclear fuel cycles are required to meet the new objectives of making nuclear fission sustainable

The objectives of sustainability can be met with both the use of fast reactors and dedicated burners

Demonstrations (prototypes) should be planned and realized

Belgium Government has decided to

financially support the MYRRHA project


MYRRHA hosted by SCK•CEN (Belgium)


Conclusion

A multi-national approach

for the demonstration of innovative technology

that will «incinerate» spent nuclear fuels

and shorten the waste monitoring period.

Science towards Sustainability


The work is ahead of us as a community

As Ovid said:

Gutta cavat lapidem non bis, sed saepe

cadendo: A drop hollows out the stone by falling

not twice, but many times !

congratulations to you all!

Very sincerely

Carlo


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Documents

1 TCADS, Technology & Components of Accelerator Driven Systems, March 15-17, 2010, Karlsruhe (DE) Copyright © 2009 SCKCEN MYRRHA: ADS Programme in Belgium