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Sustainable Water Institute

University of Massachusetts (Amherst)

GeosciencesPublic Health

Water Resources Research CenterComputer Sciences

Polymer Sciences & Engineering

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Impact of Climate Change on Water Systems

Half of world does not have adequate water

Climate change leads to• Shorelines change

• Changes in ocean chemistry to alter aquatic habitat and fisheries

• Warming water temperatures will change contaminant concentrations and alter aquatic system uses;

• New patterns of rainfall and snowfall to alter water supply and terrestrial ecosystem

• More intense storms to threaten water infrastructure and increase polluted storm water runoff

N. America & Massachusetts have regional water issues• Semiconductor industry

• Biofuel

• Agriculture/Forestry

• PollutionLand Use

in Blackston

e R Watershed

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Mission “Assessing, Understanding, Predicting

and Responding” Assess impact of climate change on infrastructure, ecosystem & stakeholders– Water systems, ecosystem & infrastructure are already stressed

– Global change will exacerbate the current situation

Understand hydrologic flux and storage– Atmosphere Surface Subsurface– Water quality drives water availability

Provide stakeholders tools to Predict & Respond– Treatment, new sources, infrastructure impact, conservation, emergency response

– Critical need for data & tools to guide decision making process

Educate the public and future scientists/engineers

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Technical Challenges

Motivation – Sampling (commonly by hand) is far too sparse in space and time for accurate modeling and prediction

– Lack of regional scale, integrative models

Proposed: sensing and modeling at fine scales– Sensing - High temporal & spatial resolution, High sensitivity, High selectivity

– Networking – Remote control & retrieval– Application – Water Resources Quantity & Quality– Policy – Tools to enable stakeholders to respond

Technology applicable to other fields, including security

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Source to User Analysis

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1980/Jan 1985/Jan 1990/Jan 1995/Jan 2000/Jan 2005/Jan 2010/Jan

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Current Upgrade 1 Upgrade 2 ZeroUB UP1NPS

MA

RI B

ord

er

Data Models & Tools

End Users, Policy & Response

New Sensors

Networked Sensorsinexpensive, dense, multi-parameter

Critical Water Fluxes

Sensor Development• Selectivity, sensitivity, size, cost, robustness,

power consumption, etc.

• UMass expertise in chemistry, physics, surfaces,

device development

1.5 cm

quartz diskgold pad

gold leadsgold lead

gold electrodes

0.8 cm

0.165 mm

1.5 cm

quartz diskgold pad

gold leadsgold lead

gold electrodes

0.8 cm

0.165 mm

versusmulti-functional sensing elements -

Sensors for Water Contamination:

- simple, versatile sensing platforms

UMass Prototype Chemical Sensor

Supporting O-ringsQuartz disk

Inlet flow Outlet flow

~ 1 cm3 chamber

Active electrode Polymeric contaminant capture medium:

Initial targets: harmful ions (arsenic, lead, mercury, nitrate)Contaminant capture media: functionalized hydrogels

Leads to circuitry

On-line QCM sensor :

H2PO4-

NO3- Cl-

NO3-

H2PO4-

Cl-

Frequency

Shift, kHz

-45

-55

-75

-65

Time, hr0 10

© KSWO TV

Ecosystems, Biocomplexity

Contaminant transport

Networking Sensors: Overview

Seismic structure response

Marine Microorganisms

Embedded micro-sensors, on-board processing, wireless interfaces at very small scale in-situ sensing: need to “be there,” monitor “up close”

Spatially, temporally dense environmental monitoring Wireless networks bring sensed data to computation, people

Hazardous weather (CASA): remote sensing

Networked embedded sensors @ UMass

Wireless, mobile networking of sensors for real-time high-resolution spatial and temporal sensing combine next generation sensors with novel wireless networking technology

Fast low-cost deployments in areas with no network infrastructure

Enables real-time monitoring of watersheds, rivers and oceans at unprecedented scales

Mt. Toby

MA1

CSB

10.6 Km

Topology of the MA OTG testbed

CASA off-the-grid radar network In western MA

Dielsenet: networked PVTA busses pickup data

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Example: Fort River Sensor Network

Application: monitor river dynamics

(e.g: seasonal, flood events), ecological status, water quantity/quality

Sensors:Water quality sensors,

underwater cameras, etc. Research:

Design of wide-area, remote wireless sensor network infrastructure.

Collaboration between faculty at Mt. Holyoke, NSM and Engineering at UMass, and Hampshire College.

Local Deployment : 12 mile stretch of Fort River,

Amherst

RI

MA

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Water Resources Quantity & Quality

Utilize new sensor technology to measure at high spatial-temporal resolutions– hydrologic fluxes & storage

– Water quality– Interactions & transport

Incorporate these data into models to predict – Long-term simulations– Alternative management

Develop tools useful to stakeholders & regulators

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Data Utilization – Models & Tools Quantifying fluxes between

groundwater “reservoirs”, surface water, and atmosphere Strongly coupled systems are

dynamic and complex Strong integration between data

collection, conceptualization, and prediction

Coupled system approach solves problems relevant to societal interest

Site

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1980/Jan 1985/Jan 1990/Jan 1995/Jan 2000/Jan 2005/Jan 2010/Jan

Deep - BedrockShallow - Surficial

Dep

th to

Wat

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ft)

Date

Data

Conceptualization

Thin TillGlacial Stratified Deposits

Coarse-grained Thick TillFine-

grained

Model/Predict/Inform

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April 7, 2009 Lincoln Campus Center

Keynote/Olver Award: Konstantine P. Georgakakos Director, Hydrologic Research Center and Adjunct Professor, Scripps Oceanographic Institute on

“Science-Based Water Management: Prediction and Decision Support under Climatic Variability and Change.”

Platform presentations & posters Student competition

Education & Outreach

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Collaborating Communities

UMass Faculty Working groups Integrative grants

Education UMass courses UMass Extension UMass Outreach STEM Ed Institute UCOWR

State & Regional Agencies MassDEP MWRA NEIPCC

Federal Agencies USDA USGS ACOE DOE EPA

Utilities & Industry Water supply, treatment Agriculture/Forestry Recreation

Practitioners Consultants NGOs Town officials

International Agencies UNESCO International Hydrologic Programme

Public

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Institute Activities

Develop and test new sensors and sensor networks

Establish densely distributed sensors networks able to detect and monitor both fast and slow changes in a regional water environment

Develop and test new hydro-geologic, hydrologic and water quality models for water flow, interconnectivity and contamination

Inform public in order to foster positive feedback between the public and scientific/academic sectors.

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Federal Agencies

DOD (ARO) Doug Kiserow; Chief, Chemical Sciences Division; 919-549-4213

EPA, National Center, Diana Bauer (202-343-9759); EPA region 1, Ira Leighten.

USGS; Kate Johnson; 703-648-6110 or Michael Dettinger.

DOE, Associate Director, Dr Pat Demer, 202-586-5430 or 301-903-5316.

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Impacts

Unique + Interdisciplinary + Comprehensive

Public Health

Environmental Health

Infrastructure Management & Planning

Emergency Response

Education & Outreach

Economic Security & Development