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SURFACE FINISHES, DOORS AND WINDOWS
SURFACE FINISHES OR PLASTERINGProcess of covering rough walls and
uneven surfaces in the construction of houses and other structures with a cement mortar called plastering.
ObjectivesTo provide an even surface, improve appearance
To protect surface from the effects of natural
agencies
To conceal the defective workmanship
To provide satisfactory base for painting, white
washing etc.,
Internal plastering – to protect the surfaces
against dust and vermin nuisance
Objectives
TERMITE ATTACK
TERMITE ATTACK
DEFECTS IN WALLDEFECTS IN WALL
TypesLime PlasterCement plasterMud PlasterWaterproof
plaster
MethodsApplied in one, two,
or three coatsPlastering in two
coatsPlastering in three
coats
DOORSAn openable barrier secured in a wall
opening
Door frame – fixed to the wall
Door shutter – held in position - hinges
LOCATION OF DOORS AND WINDOWSNumber of doors in a room – minimum
Door – 20 cm away from the corner
Window – satisfy functional requirements
Window opposite to door – cross ventilation
Window – prevailing direction of wind
Sill of window – 70 to 80 cm above floor level
DOOR AREA REQUIREMENTSDoor
Interior doors – 0.8 m widthExternal doors – 1.0 m widthDoors in public buildings – 1.20 m width
Height of door = width + 0.9 to 1.1 meter
WINDOW AREA REQUIREMENTWindow size
Total area – 10 to 20% of total floor areaPublic buildings – Minimum 20% of the floor
areaGlass panels area – 8 to 10% of total floor
area
Dimensions, use - location of the room, Direction and speed of the wind, Climatic conditions of the regions
DOORHead
HornTop rail
Bottom rail
Hold fast
Style
Frame
Pan
el
TYPES OF DOORSBattened and ledged doorsBattened, ledged and braced doorsBattened, ledged, braced and framed doorsFramed and panelled doorsGlazed or sash doorsFlush doorsLouvered doorsRevolving doorsCollapsible steel doorsRolling steel shutter doors
BATTENED AND LEDGED DOORS
BATTENED LEDGED AND BRACED DOORSBetter stability – bracesWide openings
TYPES OF BATTENED, LEDGED AND BRACED DOORS
BATTENED LEDGED BRACED AND FRAMED DOORS
More durableStrongerVertical members - styles
FRAMED AND PANELLED DOOR
StrongBetter appearancePanel thickness – 20
mmTwo leaves – wider
openings
GLAZED / SASH DOORS
Additional light requirementNails, putty or wooden
beads
FLUSH DOOR
Smooth and clean surfaceStrong and sound proof to an
extent
LOUVERED DOORVision not obstructedPermits free passage to
airFixed or movable
REVOLVING DOORRegulate the
entry of personsEntry and exit at
the same time
COLLAPSIBLE STEEL DOOR16 to 20 mm wide @ 10 – 12 cm
16 to 20 mm wide mild steel flats
ROLLING STEEL SHUTTER DOOR
Steel plates of 1 to 1.25 mm thick
WINDOWSHead
Transome light
Hold fast
Frame
Style
Transome
Sill
Pan
elP
anel
TYPES OF WINDOWSCasement windowsDouble-hung windowsPivoted windowsSliding windowsLouvered windowsSash or glazed windowsMetal windowsBay windowsGable windowsDormar windows
CASEMENT WINDOW
DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW
PIVOTED WINDOW
SLIDING WINDOW
LOUVERED WINDOW
SASH OR GLAZED WINDOW
METAL WINDOWS
BAY WINDOWS
Square bay window
Frame splayed bay window
GABLE AND DORMAR WINDOWS
Dormar Window
Gable Window