2 Língua Inglesa2 Língua Inglesa

LINGUA INGLESA

1. Simple Present Tense – Review 72. If Clauses – Zero Conditional 103. Simple future – Review 124. If Clauses – First Conditional 155. Simple Past – Review 236. Modal Verbs 297. If Clauses – Second Conditional 36

SUMÁRIO DO VOLUME

3Língua Inglesa 3Língua Inglesa

Volume 1

1. Simple Present Tense – Review2. If Clauses Zero Conditional3. Simple future – Review4. If Clauses First Conditional5. Simple Past – Review6. Modal Verbs7. If Clauses – Second Conditional

Volume 2

8. Present perfect (Review)9. Past Perfect10. If clauses – Third conditional11. Conjunction12. Relative Pronouns

Volume 3

13. Used to14. Passive voice

SUMÁRIO COMPLETO

4 Língua Inglesa4 Língua Inglesa

5Língua Inglesa 5Língua InglesaReading comprehension

Read the beginning of the book The Grapes of Wrath.

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The rain leaves Oklahoma in late May, too early in the growing season. The sky and the earth grow pale. The new corn begins to dry up. The roads turn into dust clouds. In mid June, heavy clouds pass over Oklahoma but leave only a spattering of rain. A gentle wind follows, which develops into a strong one. The corn crop is ruined, and the country is covered in a dusty cloud. Men and women hide in their houses. When the wind passes on and the dust settles, the people come out of their houses. The men look silently at the dry corn. “The women studied the men’s faces secretly, for the corn could go as long as something else remained.” The children wait for their parents’ reactions. After a while, the men’s faces become angry and resistant and the women know everything will be all right. The women go to work and children begin to play.

READING COMPREHENSION

1 Look for the words from the text in a dictionary or try to understand them from the context.a) season __________________________________________________________________________b) pale ____________________________________________________________________________c) corn ____________________________________________________________________________d) dust ____________________________________________________________________________e) spatter __________________________________________________________________________f) crop _____________________________________________________________________________g) wrath ___________________________________________________________________________

2 There are some verbs in bold in the text, do the same as in exercise 1 with these verbs. a) _________________________________________________________________________________ b) _________________________________________________________________________________ c) _________________________________________________________________________________ d) _________________________________________________________________________________ e) _________________________________________________________________________________ f) _________________________________________________________________________________ g) _________________________________________________________________________________

3 De acordo com o texto, responda às peguntas a seguir:a) Reescreva a frase que retrata que a seca na região de Oklahoma começou antes da época.

________________________________________________________________________________

b) Descreva o que aconteceu com a região e com a plantação de milho após o vento forte. _________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

c) What did the people do after the wind passed on and the dust settled? __________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

d) What was the difference between the women and the men’s reactions after all? ___________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

6 Língua Inglesa6 Língua InglesaIt’s a fact!

IT’S A FACT!THE DUST BOWL OF OKLAHOMA

During the great dust storms of the 1930s in Oklahoma, the weather threw up so much dirt that, at times, there was zero visibility and everything was covered in dirt. No matter how tightly Oklahomans sealed their homes, they could not keep the dirt from entering. Dust storms were the result of drought and land that had been overused. Drought fi rst hit the country in 1930. By 1934, it had turned the Great Plains into a desert that came to be known as the Dust Bowl.

Read the sentences from the text:

� e rain leaves Oklahoma…

� e roads turn into dust clouds.

Observe que as palavras em destaque são verbos. Esses verbos indicam uma ação que acontece no presente e, por isso, esse tempo verbal é chamado de Simple Present.

7Língua Inglesa 7Língua InglesaSimple Present Tense – Review

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1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE – REVIEW

Uso

1.1 Repeated Actions

Como aprendemos nas séries anteriores, usamos o Simple Present para expressar a ideia de que uma ação é repetida ou comum. A ação pode ser uma rotina, um hábito ou algo que acontece frequentemente.

x x x xx x xPast Present Future

I play tennis. He never forgets his wallet. She does not play tennis. � ey get up early every day. Does he play tennis? We have breakfast at the same cafeteria. She always forgets her bag.

1.2 Facts or Generalizations

O Simple Present pode também indicar um fato que é sempre verdadeiro e que não mudará no futuro. Ele também é usado para fazer generalizações sobre pessoas ou coisas.

Past Present Future

Cats like milk. California is not in the United Kingdom. Birds do not like milk. Windows are made of glass. Do pigs like milk? Windows are not made of wood. California is in America.

1.3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Também usamos o Simple Present para falar de eventos programados num futuro próximo. Esse uso geralmente ocorre quando falamos sobre transportes públicos, o que não nos impede de falar com outros acontecimentos previamente programados.

Past Present Future

x

� e train leaves tonight at 6 PM. � e party starts at 8 o’clock. The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. When does class begin tomorrow? When do we board the plane?

8 Língua Inglesa8 Língua InglesaSimple Present Tense – Review

Para formar o Simple Present dos verbos devemos lembrar que basta somente utilizarmos os verbos no in� nitivo, porém sem a partícula TO.

To work – I workTo jump – We jump

Regra para a formação da 3a pessoa do singular:I) Acrescentamos -s à maioria dos verbos.

To jump – She jumps into the water. To run – � e girl runs in the park.

II) Acrescentamos -es aos verbos terminados em – ch, – sh, – s, – x, – z e – o.

To � x – � e mechanic � xes the car. To go – � at dog goes down the street. To wash – His mother washes the dishes. To watch – � e player watches the game. To pass – � e student passes in his exams.

III) Acrescentamos -ies aos verbos terminados em -y precedidos de consoantes. Porém o verbo perde esta letra.

To study – John studies in the library. Ronaldo plays soccer well.

Para formar a interrogativa dos verbos no Simple Present acrescentamos os auxiliares do (I, you, we, they) e does (he, she, it).

Do you go to school in the morning? Does she go to school in the morning?

Para formar a negativa dos verbos no Simple Present acrescentamos os auxiliares don’t (I, you, we, they) e doesn’t (he, she, it).

You don’t go to school in the morning. She doesn’t go to school in the morning.

Observe que, quando utilizamos o auxiliar does para a 3a pessoa do singular, o verbo principal, que na forma a� rmativa havia recebido -s,-ies e -es, voltou para a sua forma original (in� nitivo sem o to).

Watch out!

Para formar a 3a pessoado singular, o verbo

recebe o – s, – es e – ies.

9Língua Inglesa 9Língua InglesaSimple Present Tense – Review

Class exercisesClass exercises

1 Volte ao texto e procure mais quatro frases afi rmativas escritas no Simple Present. Reescreva-as.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2 Reescreva as frases do exercício anterior nas formas negativa e interrogativa.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

3 Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

a) She __________________ four languages. (speak)

b) Jane and Jonas are teachers. They __________________ French. (teach)

c) When the kettle __________________, will you make some tea? (boil)

d) I always __________________ the window at night because it is cold. (close)

e) Those shoes __________________ too much. (cost)

f) His job is great because he __________________ a lot of people. (meet)

g) He always __________________ his car on Sundays. (wash)

h) My watches are broken and they __________________ to be fi xed again. (have)

i) I __________________ to watch movies. (like)

j) I __________________ to the cinema at least once a week. (go)

k) They never __________________ tea in the morning. (drink)

l) We both __________________ to the radio in the morning. (listen)

m) He __________________ a big wedding. (want)

n) George __________________ too much so he’s getting fat. (eat)

o) The earth __________________ round the sun, doesn’t it? (go)

p) The shops in England __________________ at 9:00 in the morning. (open)

q) The post offi ce __________________ at 5:30 pm. (close)

r) Jackie __________________ two children now. (have)

s) Mr. Smith __________________ too much. He always has a cigarette in his mouth. (smoke)

t) When the phone __________________ please answer it. (ring)

10 Língua Inglesa10 Língua InglesaIf Clauses – Zero Conditional

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2. IF CLAUSES – ZERO CONDITIONAL

Leia as frases baseadas na ideias retiradas do texto:

If a gentle wind develops into a strong one, the corn is ruined.

If the rain leaves Oklahoma in late May, the sky and the earth grow pale.

A condicional zero é usada para falar de verdades em geral e de coisas que sempre acontecem sobre certas condições.

1) � e structure of a zero conditional sentence:

If + simple present, simple present

If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

Se invertermos a posição da if clause não é necessário o uso da vírgula.

� e water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees.

Class exercisesClass exercises

1 Make zero conditional sentences by using the words.

a) ice / fl oat / you / drop / it / in water

________________________________________________________________________________

b) you / not / eat / you / die

________________________________________________________________________________

c) not / rain / the grass / not / grow/ it

________________________________________________________________________________

d) my daughter / eat / too much chocolate / she /get / sick

________________________________________________________________________________

11Língua Inglesa 11Língua InglesaIf Clauses – Zero Conditional

2 Complete the zero conditional sentences. Use the conditions and the results from the table below.

Conditions Results

you’ve got a headache you get pink

you don’t wear a crash helmet a dog bites

a you heat it to 100 ºc the DVD player comes on

she comes home very late butter melts

you leave gates open in the country it scratches you

you add sugar you have more chance of being killed

a) Water boils if _______________________________ .

b) If you mix red and white ______________________________________________ .

c) ________________________________________________ if you leave it in the sun.

d) If _______________________________________________ , take an aspirin.

e) If _______________________________________________ , it tastes sweet.

f) _______________________________________________ if you go near its food when it’s eating.

g) If you pull a cat’s tail, _______________________________________________ .

h) _______________________________________________ if you don’t wear a seat belt.

i) You can end up brain damaged if _______________________________________ .

2) Podemos usar também o imperativo na oração principal quando usamos a condicional para darmos instruções.

3) A maioria das condicionais zero tem o mesmo signi� cado se when é usado no lugar de if.

When it rains, my roof leaks. When my roof leaks, the walls get wet. When the walls get wet, they get moldy. When they get moldy, I get sick. When I get sick, I go to the doctor. When I go the doctor, he always says the same thing, “Fix your roof!”

3 Reescreva o texto anterior substituindo when por if.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

When it rains, my roof leaks. When my roof leaks, the walls get wet. When the walls get wet, they get moldy. When they get moldy, I get sick. When I get sick, I go to the

you heat it to 100 ºC

12 Língua Inglesa12 Língua InglesaSimple future – Review

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3. SIMPLE FUTURE – REVIEW

Usamos o Simple Future para expressar eventos que ainda não aconteceram, estando esses situados depois do ato da fala, ou da escrita.

Past Present Future

x

O Simple Future é formado da seguinte maneira:

WILL + verbo no in� nitivo sem to

A forma reduzida de will é ’ll

Os usos mais comuns são:

I- Falar sobre uma decisão que está sendo tomada no momento da fala.

I’ll give you the money right now.

II- Fazer uma predição sobre o futuro.

You’ll be very rich.

III- Fazer um pedido ou recusar alguma coisa.

Will you ask them to be quiet?

No, they won’t be quiet.

IV- Fazer uma promessa ou dar um aviso ou um comando.

I’ll call the teacher.

Para formarmos a interrogativa dos verbos no Simple Future, escrevemos o auxiliar will antes do sujeito.

Will you go to school tomorrow?

Para formar a negativa dos verbos no Simple Future, acrescentamos o auxiliar will not ou a forma reduzida won’t.

You won’t go to school tomorrow.

13Língua Inglesa 13Língua InglesaLet’s relax!

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Class exercisesClass exercises1 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs into the Simple Future Tense.

Jack asked a fortune teller about his future. Here is what she told him:

a) You (earn) ________________ a lot of money. b) You (travel) ________________ around the world. c) You (meet) ________________ lots of interesting people. d) Everybody (adore) ________________ you. e) You (not / have) ________________ any problems. f) Many people (serve) ________________ you. g) They (anticipate) ________________ your wishes. h) There (not / be) ________________ anything left to wish for. i) Everything (be) ________________ perfect. j) But all these things (happen) ________________ only if you marry me.

2 Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, Simple Present or Simple Future.

a) Today after I (get) ________________ out of class, I (go) ________________ to a movie with some friends.b) When you (arrive) ________________ in Stockholm, call my friend john. He (show) ________________you around the city.c) A: Do you know what you want to do after you (graduate) ________________? d) B: After I (receive) ________________ my Master’s from Virginia University, I (go) ________________to graduate school at Georgetown. I (plan) ___________ to complete a Ph.D. in Computer science.e) Your mother (plan) ________________ to pick you up after school today at 2:00 o’clock. She (meet) ________________ you across the street near the mall. f) I promise you that I (tell, not) ________________ your secret to anybody. Even if somebody (ask) ________________ me about what happened that day, I (reveal, not) ________________ the truth to a single person.g) She (make) ________________ some changes in her life. She (quit) ________________ her job and go back to school. After she (fi nish) ________________ studying, she (get) ________________ a better-paying job and buy a house. She is going to improve her life! h) Tom (call) ________________ when he (arrive) ___________________ in Madrid. He (stay) ________________ with you for two or three days until his new apartment (be) ________________available.

LET’S RELAX!

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14 Língua Inglesa14 Língua InglesaLet’s relax!

Text IITHE GRAPES OF WRATH

Part of the plot

Tom Joad is released from the Oklahoma state penitentiary where he had served a sentence for killing a man in self-defense. On his trip home he meets Jim Casy, a preacher. They travel together to Tom’s home but fi nd it deserted. Muley Graves, a farmer, discovers Tom and Casy and tells them that all the families in the neighborhood have left for California or are leaving. Tom’s folks have gone to a relative’s place to prepare for the trip. All over the Southern Midwest, farmers were moving west. Land banks, bad weather, and machine farming had made farming unprofi table. Junk dealers and used-car salesmen took advantage of these families. Tom and Casy fi nd the Joads at Uncle Tom’s place. The family includes Pa and Ma Joad; Noah and all their sons; Rose of Sharon, Tom’s sister, and her husband; Ruthie and Winfi eld, the two youngest children; and Grandma and Grandpa Joad. Casy is invited to follow the family on their trip west. The trip is arduous, but the promise of agricultural work keeps the Joads on their path. Grandpa Joad dies of a stroke at the fi rst stop. Returning migrants tell the Joads there is no work in California. Grandma dies during a night trip across the desert. After

they bury her, the Joads move into a migrant camp, Hooverville, where they discover that work is almost impossible to fi nd. A contractor offers fruit picking work in another country. The Joads leave the Hooverville and move to a government camp for migrant workers. This camp is clean and has a local government made up of migrant workers. For the fi rst time since arriving in California, the Joads fi nd themselves treated as human beings. However, when the work runs out they must move on. They look for work at another large farm and fi nd agitators attempting to keep migrants from taking work as a protest against unfair wages. In desperation they take work picking peaches for fi ve cents a box.

3 Look for the information in the text and write down who the people below are.

a) Jim Casy: ________________________________________________________________________

b) Muley Graves: ____________________________________________________________________

c) Pa and Ma Joad: ___________________________________________________________________

d) Rose of Sharon: ___________________________________________________________________

e) Ruthie and Winfi eld: ________________________________________________________________

Suggested exercisesSuggested exercises

4 Responda, em português, às perguntas relacionadas à parte da história do livro Grapes of Wrath: a) Por que Tom Joad havia sido preso? b) Para onde as famílias e os vizinhos haviam ido quando Tom voltou para casa? c) Quais os motivos que fi zeram com que os fazendeiros se mudassem para o Oeste? d) Qual foi o motivo da morte do avô Joad? e) O que a família Joad fez após a morte da avó Joad? f) Que tipo de serviço foi oferecido à família Joad por uma contratante num outro lugar? g) Como era o outro acampamento para trabalhadores imigrantes e como a família Joad se sentiu?

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Available at: <www.doctormacro1.info>.Access at: 12 Oct. 2009.

15Língua Inglesa 15Língua InglesaIf Clauses – First Conditional

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4. IF CLAUSES – FIRST CONDITIONAL

Leia as frases baseadas nas ideias retiradas do texto:

If you go to Uncle Tom’s place, you will � nd the Joads.

If workers go to Hoorville, they will discover that work is almost impossible to � nd.

A condicional um é chamada às vezes de real condicional. Ela é usada para descrever uma ação verdadeira, que acontecerá no futuro, como consequência de uma ação realizada no presente.

1) � e structure of a � rst conditional sentence

If + Simple Present, Simple Future

If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exam.

She will need some help if she buys that new car.

Class exercisesClass exercises

1 Choose the correct alternative that fi lls the blanks correctly.

a) If Caroline and Sue ____________(prepare/will prepare) the salad, Phil _____________ (Will

decorate/decorates) the house.

b) If Sue _____________ (cut/cuts/will cut) the onions for the salad, Caroline _____________ (peel/

peels/will peel) the mushrooms.

c) If Bob _______________ (tidy/tidies/will tidy) up the kitchen, Anita _____________ (clean/cleans/

will clean) the toilet.

d) Elaine _____________ (buy/buys/ will buy) the drinks if somebody _____________ (help/helps/will

help) her carry the bottles.

e) If Alan and Rebecca ___________ (organize/organizes/ will organize) the food, Mary and Conor

________________ (make/makes/will make) the sandwiches.

f) If Bob _____________ (look/looks/will look) after the barbecue, Sue _____________ (invite/invites/

will invite) the guests in.

g) Frank ____________ (play/plays/ will play) the DJ if the others __________________ (bring/brings/

will bring) along their CDs.

h) Alan _____________ (mix/mixes/will mix) the drinks if Jane _____________ (give/gives/will give)

him some of her cocktail recipes.

i) If they all _____________ (do/does/will do) their best, the party _____________ (is/are/will be) great.

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