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Time Topic Speaker14:00 Welcome Andy Mason, European Sales Director, D-Wave

14:10Quantum Computing Overview and Technology Approaches

Edward Dahl, Principal Research Scientist, D-Wave

14:40The Quantum Computing Market and What Organizations Need to be Doing

Bob Sorensen, VP Research and Technology, Hyperion Research

15:10 Quantum Applications Andy Mason, European Sales Director, D-Wave

15:30 Introduction to D-Wave Technology and LeapMurray Thom, VP Software and Cloud Services, D-Wave

16:00 Programming with the Ocean Tools Suite Victoria Goliber, Research Scientist, D-Wave

16:30 Wrapup Andy Mason, European Sales Director, D-Wave

Agenda

Quantum Computing Overview & Technology Approaches

Edward (Denny) Dahl

D-Wave

March 25, 2019

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Simulating Physics with Computers – Richard Feynman

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Q: How do you build a qubit?A: Carefully

Superconducting loopsRF SQUIDS

Trapped ionsYtterbium atoms & lasers

Topological matterMajorana fermions

Kamerlingh Onnes

Nobel prize - 1913

Brian Josephson

Nobel prize – 1973

Wolfgang PaulHans Dehmelt

Nobel prize – 1989

Kang WangShoucheng Zhang

Nobel prize – ????

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Standard model of Quantum Computing

time

gates

This example quantum circuit has nine qubits and so the wavefunction is a complex vector of size 2" = 512.

Each gate acts on this wavefunction as a unitary matrix of size 512 x 512.

Measurement projects the vector onto a subspace. qubit

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Shor’s Algorithm

Peter Shor’s algorithm (1994) relies heavily on number theory and the

Quantum Fourier Transform, which is

essentially an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) as

implemented on a gate model quantum

computer.

3-qubit QFT: 𝜔 = 𝑒)*+,

𝑈 =12.

1 11 𝜔

1 1𝜔/ 𝜔.

1 𝜔/1 𝜔.

𝜔0 𝜔1𝜔1 𝜔

1 1𝜔0 𝜔2

1 1𝜔1 𝜔3

1 𝜔/𝜔0 𝜔3

𝜔0 𝜔1𝜔/ 𝜔2

1 𝜔01 𝜔2

1 𝜔0𝜔/ 𝜔3

1 𝜔11 𝜔3

𝜔0 𝜔/𝜔1 𝜔2

1 𝜔0𝜔0 𝜔

1 𝜔0𝜔1 𝜔.

1 𝜔1𝜔0 𝜔.

𝜔0 𝜔/𝜔/ 𝜔

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Waves and noise

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Error correctionClassical computing has error correction– E.g., SECDED is Single Error Correct Double Error Detect

Peter Shor (1995) showed that certain kinds of errors in a Gate Model Quantum Computer could be corrected:– Shor code: 1 logical qubit requires 9 physical qubits

– Steane code: 1 logical qubit requires 7 physical qubits

– CSS codes: 1 logical qubit requires 5 physical qubits

General purpose error correcting codes (required for factoring, chemistry, etc.) take many more qubits:– Gottesman: 1 logical qubit requires >100 physical qubits

– Fowler: 𝐹𝑒/𝑆/with 112 orbitals requires 27,000,000 physical qubits

– O’Gorman: 1000-bit Shor requires 173,000,000 physical qubits

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A new model of Quantum Computing: Annealing

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Quantum Annealing finds minima on a landscape

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D-Wave is born (1999) & goes QA (2004)

D-Wave chose Quantum Annealing over Gate

Model after a technology agnostic evaluation of

both architectures and all implementation

technologies

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D-Wave product generations

2011DW-One

128 qubits352 couplers

2013DW-Two

512 qubits1472 couplers

2015DW-2X

1152 qubits3360 couplers

2017DW-2000Q2048 qubits

6016 couplers

Lockheed/USC Google/NASA LANL

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Quantum and Classical programming models

Quantum Hamiltonian is an operator on Hilbert space:

ℋ 𝑠 = 𝐴 𝑠 9:

𝜎:< + 𝐵 𝑠 9:

𝑎: 𝜎:@ +9:AB

𝑏:B 𝜎:@𝜎B@

s = t/T

Corresponding classical optimization problem:

Obj(𝑎:, 𝑏:B; 𝑞:) =9:

𝑎:𝑞: +9:AB

𝑏:B𝑞:𝑞B

transverse field

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Three paths to programming the D-Wave

D-Wave Applications

Optimization

NASA – Scheduling applications

Volkswagen – Traffic flow optimization

Recruit – Display advertising

optimization

Machine Learning

Google - Qboost

LANL – Deep learning vs. quantum inference

Material simulation

Harris - 3D Spin Glass

King - 2D XY model with Kosterlitz-Thouless phase

transition

ORNL - quantum magnetization plateaus

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Remote Quantum Computing: LEAP & Ocean

CLOUD quantum computing at https://cloud.dwavesys.com

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Next generation topology

• 𝐾M/,M/ unit cell• Odd couplers create 3-cycles• Shifted qubit layout

ChimeraPegasus

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And after that?

Thank you