1 Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected] Assessment of

1

Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

E-mail: [email protected]

Assessment of the Central European trends in the background levels of persistent organic pollutants

based on the results of the long-term integrated monitoring in Kosetice observatory, Czech Republic, 1988-2008

Jana Klánová, Ivan Holoubek, Jiří Jarkovský, Pavel Čupr, Jana Borůvková, Alice Dvorská, Gerhard Lammel, Jiří Komprda, Klára Kubošová

2

POP monitoring EMEP network, 2000

3

PAHs in the ambient air, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2008PAHs in Ambient Air - Košetice 1996-2008

Weekly Sampling

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

3.1.

1996

3.7.

1996

1.1.

1997

2.7.

1997

31.1

2.19

97

1.7.

1998

30.1

2.19

98

30.6

.199

9

29.1

2.19

99

28.6

.200

0

27.1

2.20

00

27.6

.200

1

26.1

2.20

01

26.6

.02

25.1

2.02

25.6

.03

24.1

2.03

23.6

.04

22.1

2.04

22.6

.05

21.1

2.05

21.6

.06

20.1

2.06

20.6

.07

19.1

2.07

18.6

.08

19.1

2.08

Sampling Date

PA

Hs

[ng

.m-3

]

Σ PAHs (Aerosol)

Σ PAHs (Gas Phase)

Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kohoutek, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory,

Czech Republic. Part I. Ambient air and wet deposition 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 557 – 563 (2007)

4

DDTs in the ambient air, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2008p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT in Ambient Air - Košetice 1996-2008

Weekly Sampling

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

3.1.19

96

3.7.19

96

1.1.19

97

2.7.19

97

31.12

.1997

1.7.19

98

30.12

.1998

30.6.

1999

29.12

.1999

28.6.

2000

27.12

.2000

27.6.

2001

26.12

.2001

26.6.

2002

25.12

.2002

25.6.

03

24.12

.03

23.6.

04

22.12

.04

22.6.

05

21.12

.05

21.6.

06

20.12

.06

20.6.

07

19.12

.07

18.6.

08

19.12

.08

Sampling Date

[ng.m

-3]

p,p'-DDT (Aerosol)

p,p'-DDD (Aerosol)

p,p'-DDE (Aerosol)

p,p'-DDT (Gas Phase)

p,p'-DDD (Gas Phase)

p,p'-DDE (Gas Phase)



5

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Janu

ary

1996

July

199

6Ja

nuar

y 19

97Ju

ly 1

997

Janu

ary

1998

July

199

8Ja

nuar

y 19

99Ju

ly 1

999

Janu

ary

2000

July

200

0Ja

nuar

y 20

01Ju

ly 2

001

Janu

ary

2002

July

200

2Ja

nuar

y 20

03Ju

ly 2

003

Janu

ary

2004

July

200

4Ja

nuar

y 20

05Ju

ly 2

005

ng L-1

Σ PAHs

PAHs in rain (monthly means), Kosetice, 1996-08



6

Time related trends of POPs in the air, gas and particle phase.

PAHs HCBPCBs

HCHs DDTs

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.24

ng/m3

ng/m3

ng/m3

Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kohoutek, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory, Czech Republic. Part I. Ambient air and wet deposition 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 557 – 563 (2007)

7

Map of the sampling sites

8

Spatial and temporal variations of PCB concentrations in needles and moss, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2005

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

2008

3.053.07

3.083.09

3.133.15

3.163.13 PM

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

PC

Bs

[n

g/g

]

Year

Locality

Sum of PCBs in Mosses from Košetice 1996-2008

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

2008

3.05

3.07

/ 3.1

6

3.08

Spr

uce

3.09 3.13

3.05

Litt

er

3.09

Litt

er

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

PC

Bs

[ng

/g]

Year

Locality

Sum of PCBs in Needles from Košetice 1996-2008

Holoubek, I., Klánová, J., Jarkovský, J., Kubík, V., Helešic, J.: Trends in background levels of persistent organic pollutants at Kosetice observatory, Czech Republic. Part II. Aquatic and terrestric environments 1988-2005. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (6), 564 – 571 (2007)

9

Spatial and temporal variations of PCB concentrations in soil and sediment, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2005

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

2008

3.02 3.04 3.06 3.10 3.12a 3.12b 3.14

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

PC

Bs

[ng

/g]

Year

Locality

Sum of PCBs in Sediments from Košetice 1996-2008

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062006

2006

3.01 3.03 3.05 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.11 3.13 3.15 3.15Grit

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

PC

Bs

[ng

/g]

Year

Locality

Sum of PCBs in Soils from Košetice 1996-2008


10

0,13

0,11

-0,1

5

-0,3

1

-0,3

5

-0,5

8

-0,6

4

-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

soil

sedim

ent

air (

PUF+QUARTZ)

need

les

mos

s

water ra

in

Time related trends

PAHs

HCB

PCBs

DDTs

HCHs

-0,2

6

-0,3

3

-0,5

1

-0,5

4

-0,5

6

-0,6

1-0

,62

-0,7

5

-0,8

1-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

sedim

ent

air (

QUARTZ)

air (

PUF+QUARTZ)

air (

PUF)so

il

water

mos

s

needl

es rain

-0,4

7

-0,6

2-0

,63

-0,6

7

-0,8

3

-0,8

5

-0,8

8-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

rain

sedim

ent

soil

water

mos

s

needl

es

air (

PUF+QUARTZ)

0,17

0,17

-0,1

2

-0,3

7-0

,38

-0,3

9

-0,5

7

-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

sedim

ent

mos

s

air (

PUF+QUARTZ)

soil

rain

need

les

water

-0,0

7-0

,08

-0,2

8-0

,29

-0,3

8

-0,5

2

-0,8

3-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

need

les

sedim

ent

mos

s

air (

PUF+QUARTZ)

rain

soil

water

Tim

e t

ren

d c

orr

ela

tion

Incr

easi

ngD

ecre

asin

g

Statistically significant trend

trends range from 1 (decreasing trend) to 1 (increasing trend)


11

Passive Air Samplers

• filter (polyurethane foam) – captures pollutants from the surrounding air

• sampler body – filter protecting chamber (wind, rainwater, solar radiation)

12

Seasonal variation of PAH concentrations in the ambient air, Košetice observatory, 2003-2006

PAS - PAHs

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Sampling period

ng fi

lter

-1

Benzo(ghi)perylene

Dibenz(ah)anthracene

Indeno(123cd)pyrene

Benzo(a)pyrene

Benzo(k)fluoranthene

Benzo(b)fluoranthene

Chrysene

Benz(a)anthracene

Pyrene

Fluoranthene

Anthracene

Phenanthrene

Fluorene

Acenapthene

Acenaphtylene

Naphthalene

13

Passive sampling 2006-2008, CZ

Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Borůvková, J., Kohoutek, J., Kareš, R., Přibylová, P., Prokeš, R., Holoubek, I.: Application of passive sampler for monitoring of POPs in ambient air. IV. Model monitoring network in the Czech Republic (MONET_CZ 2007), 2008. Masaryk Univerzity, Brno, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-210-4696-2

14

Passive sampling 2006-2008, CZ, PAHs

15

Passive sampling 2006-2008, CZ, DDTs

16

16 Backgroun

ds MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1)

MED.SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs < LOQ 19.1

5.9

4.8

1.6

HCHs < LOQ 56.9

17.4

16.6

2.1

DDTs < LOQ 491.6

15.0

6.7

4.4

HCB < LOQ 41.0

10.7

9.9

0.8

PAHs 253

41 482

2 823

1 324

701

Košetice MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1) SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs 1.2

8.4

4.3

4.1

0.4

HCHs 4.4

18.2

12.1

12.1

1.2

DDTs 2.5

13.0

7.7

8.9

3.5

HCB 5.0

15.9

11.8

11.6

1.0

PAHs 328

7 807

2 501

1 316

78

17

16 Backgroun

ds MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1)

MED.SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs < LOQ 19.1

5.9

4.8

1.6

HCHs < LOQ 56.9

17.4

16.6

2.1

DDTs < LOQ 491.6

15.0

6.7

4.4

HCB < LOQ 41.0

10.7

9.9

0.8

PAHs 253

41 482

2 823

1 324

701

Košetice MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1) SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs 1.2

8.4

4.3

4.1

0.4

HCHs 4.4

18.2

12.1

12.1

1.2

DDTs 2.5

13.0

7.7

8.9

3.5

HCB 5.0

15.9

11.8

11.6

1.0

PAHs 328

7 807

2 501

1 316

78

18

16 Backgroun

ds MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1)

MED.SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs < LOQ 19.1

5.9

4.8

1.6

HCHs < LOQ 56.9

17.4

16.6

2.1

DDTs < LOQ 491.6

15.0

6.7

4.4

HCB < LOQ 41.0

10.7

9.9

0.8

PAHs 253

41 482

2 823

1 324

701

Košetice MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1) SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs 1.2

8.4

4.3

4.1

0.4

HCHs 4.4

18.2

12.1

12.1

1.2

DDTs 2.5

13.0

7.7

8.9

3.5

HCB 5.0

15.9

11.8

11.6

1.0

PAHs 328

7 807

2 501

1 316

78

19

16 Backgroun

ds MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1)

MED.SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs < LOQ 19.1

5.9

4.8

1.6

HCHs < LOQ 56.9

17.4

16.6

2.1

DDTs < LOQ 491.6

15.0

6.7

4.4

HCB < LOQ 41.0

10.7

9.9

0.8

PAHs 253

41 482

2 823

1 324

701

Košetice MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1) SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs 1.2

8.4

4.3

4.1

0.4

HCHs 4.4

18.2

12.1

12.1

1.2

DDTs 2.5

13.0

7.7

8.9

3.5

HCB 5.0

15.9

11.8

11.6

1.0

PAHs 328

7 807

2 501

1 316

78

20

16 Backgroun

ds MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1)

MED.SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs < LOQ 19.1

5.9

4.8

1.6

HCHs < LOQ 56.9

17.4

16.6

2.1

DDTs < LOQ 491.6

15.0

6.7

4.4

HCB < LOQ 41.0

10.7

9.9

0.8

PAHs 253

41 482

2 823

1 324

701

Košetice MIN

(ng filter-1)MAX

(ng filter-1)MEAN

(ng filter-1)MED

(ng filter-1) SOIL

(ng g-1)

PCBs 1.2

8.4

4.3

4.1

0.4

HCHs 4.4

18.2

12.1

12.1

1.2

DDTs 2.5

13.0

7.7

8.9

3.5

HCB 5.0

15.9

11.8

11.6

1.0

PAHs 328

7 807

2 501

1 316

78

21

Stockholm Convention on POPs

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) into force May 2004; 160+ member countries so far 12 chemicals (+9 new chemicals)

22

Regional Structure for GMP

• WEOG• GRULAC• Asia/Pacific• Africa• CEE

23

Central and Eastern European Network 2006-2008

Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Holoubek, I., Borůvková, J., Přibylová, P., Kareš, R., Kohoutek, J.: Application of passive sampler for monitoring of POPs in ambient air. V. Pilot study for development of the monitoring network in the Central and Eastern Europe (MONET_CEEC 2007), 2008. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-210-4697-9

24

Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Fiji

Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Holoubek, I., Borůvková, J., Přibylová, P., Kareš, R., Kohoutek, J, Dvorská, A,.Komprda, J.: Towards the global monitoring of POPs), 2009. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-210-4853-9

25

2009 sampling sites

Bukasa Island,Uganda

Mt. Kenya,Kenya

IJRC-PTS, China

MONET (RECETOX, Czech Rep.)

Spain

Global Passive Air Sampling Programs

= new GAPS sites added in 2009

MONET (RECETOX, Czech Rep.)

26

GMP Report on the first phase of the Effectiveness Evaluation of the Stockholm Convention: Conclusions and Recommendations.

Long-range transport

• The coordination group concluded that knowledge on long-range transport was key to assessing changes in POPs levels over time and to assess the effectiveness of the Convention.

• A plan or process to develop a coordinated cross-regional approach to assess long-range transport is needed..• Long-range transport is also linked to variable climate and meteorology.

27


Comparability issues

• To interpret POPs concentrations in air, it was required that programs would remain consistent in their methods over time and thus ensure that the data collected within a program remained comparable and thus suitable for assessing changes in levels over time.. • It was noted that it would be very difficult to achieve comparability between various programs due to many sources of variability including the use of different laboratories, different sampling methods or analytical protocols.

28


New POPs

When the Conference of the Parties decides to add new substances to the Annexes of the Convention, it would be necessary to include those new POPs into the effectiveness evaluations and monitoring of those {new} POPs would have to be initiated as soon as possible so that effective baselines could be established.. The inclusion of additional POPs would be likely to require modification or amendments to the current guidelines for global monitoring and the implementation plan. Meeting such requirements would undoubtedly increase the cost of the monitoring programs.

29

Future of Global Air Monitoring” – Workshop Summary(TF HTAP Workshop)

March 31st, 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia. The timing of the workshop coincided well with the recently completed first implementation of the Global Monitoring Plan, a mechanism for the effectiveness evaluation (EE) of the SC. Expert opinion from this group on several issues that were agreed to be relevant to the future of global air monitoring was summarized. 1. Data comparability issues. 2. Particle-bound compounds. 3. New POPs. 4. LRT, climate variability and meteorological variability. 5. Existing and new air programs. 6. Data Availability.

30

Data comparability issues.

- within-program comparability is crucial for producing reliable temporal trends .

- intercomparison exercises and improving comparability between programs (overlaps)

- passive vs active air sampling (co-location of passive/active at one site in each region)

- selection of common/comparable reporting format

31

PAHs in Ambient Air - Košetice 1996-2008Weekly Sampling

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

3.1.

1996

3.7.

1996

1.1.

1997

2.7.

1997

31.1

2.19

97

1.7.

1998

30.1

2.19

98

30.6

.199

9

29.1

2.19

99

28.6

.200

0

27.1

2.20

00

27.6

.200

1

26.1

2.20

01

26.6

.02

25.1

2.02

25.6

.03

24.1

2.03

23.6

.04

22.1

2.04

22.6

.05

21.1

2.05

21.6

.06

20.1

2.06

20.6

.07

19.1

2.07

18.6

.08

19.1

2.08

Sampling Date

PA

Hs

[ng

.m-3

]

Σ PAHs (Aerosol)

Σ PAHs (Gas Phase)

PAS - PAHs

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1.10

.03

24.1

2.03

17.3

.04

9.6.

047.

9.04

1.12

.04

23.2

.05

18.5

.05

10.8

.05

2.11

.05

25.1

.06

19.4

.06

12.7

.06

4.10

.06

27.1

2.07

21.3

.07

13.6

.07

5.9.

0728

.11.

076.

3.20

0828

.5.2

008

20.8

.200

812

.11.

2008

Sampling period

ng

filt

er

-1

Benzo(ghi)perylene

Dibenz(ah)anthracene

Indeno(123cd)pyrene

Benzo(a)pyrene

Benzo(k)fluoranthene

Benzo(b)fluoranthene

Chrysene

Benz(a)anthracene

Pyrene

Fluoranthene

Anthracene

Phenanthrene

Fluorene

Acenapthene

Acenaphtylene

Naphthalene

Temporal variations of PAH concentrations in air, Kosetice observatory, 1996-2005

32

Particle-bound compounds

Difficulties exist in interpreting passive sampler data for chemicals that partition between gas and particles (e.g. high molecular weight components of: PAHs, PCDD/Fs, and BFRs). So far, the air monitoring of such chemicals requires active air sampling techniques. Although some groups have begun to investigate particle-phase sampling by PAS, this is an area that requires further study.

33

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

ACE FLN FEN FLU PYR BaA CHR BbF BkF BaP I_P BPE

SPRING

SUMMER

FALL

WINTER

Seasonal variability of the sampling rates (m3 day-1 ) for selected compounds in 5 years.

Klanova, J., Čupr, P., Kohoutek, J., Harner, T., 2008. Assessing the influence of meteorological parameters on the performance of polyurethane foam-based passive air samplers. ES&T 42, 550-555.

34

New POPs

It was recognized that in the near future new POPs maybe added to the existing POPs listed under the SC on POPs and CLRTAP POPs protocol. This will add to air monitoring obligations and challenges of existing programs.

35

Long range transport, climate variability and meteorological variability

Understanding data is more important than just reporting levels and trends, especially for the purpose of assessing effectiveness of regulatory efforts on POPs.

It is important to develop tools (e.g. back trajectory techniques, multimedia and transport models and investigations of meteorological and climate variability) to better interpret monitoring data.

36

HCB

HCB

Analysis of the back trajectories

Dvorska, A., Lammel, G., Klanova, J., Holoubek, I.:Košetice, Czech Republic – ten years of air pollution monitoring and four years of evaluating the origin of persistent organic pollutants. Environ. Pollut. 156 (2) (2008) 403-408

37

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

1

2

3

4

5acenaphthylene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

1

2

3

4

5acenaphthene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

2

4

6

8 fluorene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

20

40

60

80

100

120phenanthrene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

50

100

150

200

250

300fluoranthene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

5

10

15dibenzo[ah]anthracene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

20

40

60

80

100

120

140benzo[a]pyrene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

20

40

60

80

100

120

140benzo[ghi]perylene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20060

5

10

15 dibenzo[ah]anthracene

years

C s

oil

ng

g-1

Long term temporal trends of soil concentrations result of simulation and measured soil concentrations

Komprda, J., Kubošová, K., Dvorská, A., Scheringer, M., Klánová, J, and Holoubek, I.: Application of an unsteady state environmental distribution model to a decadal time series of PAH concentrations in the Central Europe. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2009 (doi: 10.1039/B815719G).

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GIS based models (1x1 km) of various parameters

Wind velocity

Temperature

Grassing

Soil type

Concentration (soil)

Kobližková, M., Růžičková, P., Čupr, P., Komprda, J., Holoubek I., Klánová, J.: Soil burdens of persistent organic pollutants – their levels, fate and risks. Part IV. Quantification of volatilization fluxes of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated soil surfaces. Environmental Science & Technology. Accepted.

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Existing and new air programs

To help ensure long term sustainability and comparability of results, it is recommended that new programs grow from strategic partnerships with existing programs, and benefit from their experiences. Training visits for the purpose of capacity building/technologytransfer are encouraged and should be supported.

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Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Fiji

Klanova, J., Cupr, P., Holoubek, I., Borůvková, J., Přibylová, P., Kareš, R., Kohoutek, J, Dvorská, A,.Komprda, J.: Towards the global monitoring of POPs), 2009. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-80-210-4853-9

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Data Availability

The group agreed that better access to data would be useful for several purposes e.g. model development.Existing and new programs are strongly encouraged to incorporate data management in their programs, i.e. employ sustainable databases. Consideration should be given to the most suitable format and interface for end users of the data e.g. modelers.

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• Třetí úroveň– Čtvrtá úroveň

» Pátá úroveň

RECETOX & IBA MU 2009

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GENESIS Global Environmental Assessment and Information System

Description of more than one site

Analytical tools

HelpHelpReportReport

Description of sites

Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selection

Air PAHs Czech Republic 2000 - 2007

Geographical position

List of selected sitesList of selected sites

Number of sites: 35

Sampling networks - Monet: 35 / 386

Sites overview

Sites stratification

Number of samples: 386

Altitude

7,4%

43,4%

22,3%

11,6%5,6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

200 450 600 750 > 750

Altitude (m above sea level)

Selection settingsMultiple sites N=43

Description of sites set includes:

Number of sites and samplings and their affiliation to monitoring networks. Display of a table with sites list is also possible.

Range of samplings in individual years

Map with position (interactive map with options of zoom and turning on/off different layers)

Distribution of sites altitude

Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selectionFreshwater PAHs Czech Republic 1988 - 2007 Active

SelectionN=35

Table with number of samples

http://genesis.recetox.muni.czhttp://genesis.recetox.muni.cz

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43

GENESIS Global Environmental Assessment and Information System

Analysis of time series: one site

Analytical tools

Overall median

20 ng.m-3

Norm 80 ng.m-3

Descriptive statistics median (5-95%) : 20 (5 – 40) ng.m-3

inter-annual difference: 1 ng.m-3

HelpHelpReportReport

Time series analysis

PAH

s (n

g.m

-3 ; PU

F +

QU

ARTZ

), ln

(x+1

)

Date

Options

Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selection

Air PAHs Czech Republic 1988 - 2007

MapsMaps TablesTables

Selection settingsKošetice N=1

Add compound

Month aggregation

Year aggregation

Aggregation

Norms

Overall median

Reference values

Description of site time series Supplementary analyses

Adding another compound for comparison

Display of monthly or annual aggregated data

Display of reference values, either norms or total median of the compound

Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selectionFreshwater PAHs Czech Republic 1988 - 2007 Active

SelectionN=1

http://genesis.recetox.muni.czhttp://genesis.recetox.muni.cz

N=580

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In response to the points raised in “Expert Advice on Future of Global Air Monitoring”,

RECETOX (Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology),the Stockholm Convention Regional Center for CEEC region presented it’s new activities:

1) A fact that the EMEP Central European background station in Kosetice has a history of 20 years of high volume measurements of POPs in ambient air, out of which passive air samplers from MONET and GAPS programs have been collocated for 5 and 4 years, respectively, makes it a good candidate for the “calibration station” of active and passive air sampling methods serving both programs. Continuous active sampling will be initiated at this station in addition to on-going high volume sampling performed weekly.

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2) In addition to PCBs, HCB, DDT and metabolites as the SC target compounds, HCHs and pentachlorobenzene from the candidate list are already being monitored together with PAHs. Selection will be further extended in order to cover some of new POPs as brominated flame retardands.

3) Long-term data from this station comparing passive and active data will be exploited in order to provide preliminary estimation of the compound- and season-specific sampling rates of the particle-bound compounds.

4) MONET EUROPE, one-year PAS campaign has been initiated In 2009 connecting the CEEC and WEOG regions.

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European PAS Network

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5) GENESIS expert system developed in RECETOX as an advanced tool for the purpose of evaluation, interpretation and presentation of environmental monitoring data is currently being used for MONET. It has been offered to SSC as a joint database supporting interpretation of GMP data.

6) RECETOX as the nominated Regional Center for CEEC region extends it’s offer for the strategic partnership in the field of the air monitoring beyond the region to all parties that are currently not covered by other centers.

7) RECETOX Summer school of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology organized annually since 2005 will continue to offer one class focused on the practical training for environmental monitoring as a tool for the capacity building in regions developing the monitoring strategies.

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This initiative is in accordance with the new EMEP monitoring strategy for the period starting in 2010 as it addresses the issues as

- collaboration of the Parties and Conventions- long term monitoring of air and deposition, adequate spatial coverage, sufficient temporal resolution, collocated monitoring, standard methodologies, - affordable way of monitoring, harmonization with other initiatives, and avoiding duplicates.- extending the program over Mediterranean regions, Eastern Europe and Central Asia- regional cooperation and coordination of efforts in order to share and reduce costs.- facilitation of the access of research data for EMEP use.

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Acknowledgement

Ivan HoloubekPavel Čupr

Jana BorůvkováJiří KohoutekRoman ProkešIva PolákováEva Krejčí

Radovan KarešPetra PřibylováJiří JarkovskýAlice DvorskáJiří Komprda

Klára KubošováSupport: Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic

MSM 0021622412 INCHEMBIOL Ministry of Environment (SP/1a3/29/07 and SP 1b3/30/07)

Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

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Thank you for you attention.

Documents

1 Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected] Assessment of