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Recent Developments Recent Developments on the Korean on the Korean

PeninsulaPeninsula

Recent Developments Recent Developments on the Korean on the Korean

PeninsulaPeninsula20 November 200720 November 2007

St. Antony’s JCR Ambassadorial SeminarSt. Antony’s JCR Ambassadorial Seminar

Dr Cho, Yoon-JeDr Cho, Yoon-Je

Ambassador of the Republic of KoreaAmbassador of the Republic of Korea

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Brief History of the Korean PeninsulaBrief History of the Korean Peninsula

Different Paths Followed by the Two KoreasDifferent Paths Followed by the Two Koreas

Recent Developments in Inter-Korean Recent Developments in Inter-Korean RelationsRelations

North Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear Issue

Future of the Korean PeninsulaFuture of the Korean Peninsula

ContentsContentsContentsContents

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Brief History of Korea :Brief History of Korea :a country with fivea country with five--thousand years of thousand years of

historyhistory

Brief History of Korea :Brief History of Korea :a country with fivea country with five--thousand years of thousand years of

historyhistory

Kingdom of Gojoseon(National Foundation in BC 2333)BC18 ~ AD676 Three Kingdoms 676 ~ 918 Kingdom of Silla : the first unified dynasty 918 ~ 1392 Goryeo Dynasty1392 ~ 1910 Joseon Dynasty1910 ~ 1945 Japanese occupation1945 Division of Korea into South and North1950 ~ 1953 Korean War

* South Korea : 1 million civilians / 630 thousand soldiers

* North Korea : 1.5 million civilians / 800 thousand soldiers

1953 ~ Technically still at war, the world’s most militarily congested area

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Different Paths Followed by Different Paths Followed by the Two Koreas Since 1945the Two Koreas Since 1945Different Paths Followed by Different Paths Followed by the Two Koreas Since 1945the Two Koreas Since 1945

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North KoreaNorth KoreaNorth KoreaNorth Korea

Communist system Communist system The world most isolated regime & economic The world most isolated regime & economic

backwardnessbackwardness Dictatorship and human rights issuesDictatorship and human rights issues Nuclear development & ‘military-first policy’Nuclear development & ‘military-first policy’

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1212thth largest economy (member of OECD) largest economy (member of OECD)

1212thth largest trading country largest trading country

1111thth in global competitiveness (WEF 2007) in global competitiveness (WEF 2007)

11stst in university enrollment in university enrollment

11stst in broadband penetration (90% of in broadband penetration (90% of households)households)

Fully democratized political systemFully democratized political system

1212thth largest economy (member of OECD) largest economy (member of OECD)

1212thth largest trading country largest trading country

1111thth in global competitiveness (WEF 2007) in global competitiveness (WEF 2007)

11stst in university enrollment in university enrollment

11stst in broadband penetration (90% of in broadband penetration (90% of households)households)

Fully democratized political systemFully democratized political system

South KoreaSouth KoreaSouth KoreaSouth Korea

One of the most successful postwar One of the most successful postwar economic and political development caseseconomic and political development cases

One of the most successful postwar One of the most successful postwar economic and political development caseseconomic and political development cases

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5 3 2 1 5 5 53.8%3.8% 10.8%10.8% 22.1% 22.1% 38.3%38.3% 11.1% 11.1% 3.9%3.9% 5.1%5.1%

Market share

Ranking

D-RAM: 1st (49.4%), TFT-LCD: 1st (42%)

Major Exports (2006, $US billion)

200518.9 22.1

14.618.6

24.1

37.0

43.2

Automobile Semi-

conductor

Cell phone Ship-building Home Appliances

Steel Petro-chemical

South Korea’sSouth Korea’s International International

CompetitivenessCompetitiveness

South Korea’sSouth Korea’s International International

CompetitivenessCompetitiveness

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Night Image of the Two Night Image of the Two KoreasKoreas

After Five Decades After Five Decades

Night Image of the Two Night Image of the Two KoreasKoreas

After Five Decades After Five Decades

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South Korea’sSouth Korea’s Contribution to Contribution to Peace and StabilityPeace and Stability

South Korea’sSouth Korea’s Contribution to Contribution to Peace and StabilityPeace and Stability

Increasing development assistanceIncreasing development assistance Expanding UN peace keeping operationsExpanding UN peace keeping operations

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Recent Developments inRecent Developments in

Inter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean Relations

Recent Developments inRecent Developments in

Inter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean Relations

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South Korea’s Policy South Korea’s Policy Towards North KoreaTowards North KoreaSouth Korea’s Policy South Korea’s Policy Towards North KoreaTowards North Korea

From confrontation to reconciliationFrom confrontation to reconciliation

Engagement policy of North Korea Engagement policy of North Korea during the last decadeduring the last decade

· dialogue and cooperation · confidence building · peaceful coexistence · prosperity on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast

Asia

Peaceful and gradual process of Peaceful and gradual process of unificationunification

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Humanitarian assistanceHumanitarian assistance · South Korea is the biggest donor county to the North

People’s exchangesPeople’s exchanges · In 2005, 88,000 South Koreans visited the North (more than the total number of visitors during the

previous five decades)

· 1.5m South Korean tourists to Mt. Geumgang since 1998

Inter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean Relations

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Economic cooperationEconomic cooperation · Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion US dollars (South Korea has become the 2nd largest trading partner of the North within a decade)

* North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion US dollars · Gaeseong Industrial Complex : a collaborative project

Economic cooperationEconomic cooperation · Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion US dollars (South Korea has become the 2nd largest trading partner of the North within a decade)

* North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion US dollars · Gaeseong Industrial Complex : a collaborative project

Gaeseong, the city next to the DMZGaeseong, the city next to the DMZ

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Inter-Korean Summit Inter-Korean Summit MeetingsMeetings

(2000 and 2007)(2000 and 2007)

Inter-Korean Summit Inter-Korean Summit MeetingsMeetings

(2000 and 2007)(2000 and 2007)

Major results of the 2007 SummitMajor results of the 2007 Summit (peace building) · cooperation on denuclearization and establishment of a peace

regime · reduction of military tension and the holding of a defense ministers’ meeting · holding Prime Minister’s meeting

(economic cooperation) · creating a Special Peace and Cooperation Zone in the West Sea · constructing ship-building complexes and repairing roads · expanding Gaeseong Industrial Complex

(reconciliation) · expanding the reunion of separated families · promoting exchanges and cooperation in social and cultural areas

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North Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear Issue

6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, 6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, China, RussiaChina, Russia

ProgressProgress (North Korea’s action to be taken by the end of

2007)

· disable key nuclear facilities

· provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs

(other Six Party’s action)

· economic and energy assistance up to the equivalent of 1 million tons of

heavy fuel oil

· discuss normalization of US-North Korea relations, Japan-North Korea

relations

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(future course of action) · hold a Six Party Ministerial Meeting · dismantle North Korea’s nuclear facilities

Long-term GoalsLong-term Goals · to establish a permanent peace regime on the Korean

Peninsula · to develop a multilateral security forum in Northeast Asia

North Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear Issue

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Mutually Reinforcing MechanismsMutually Reinforcing MechanismsMutually Reinforcing MechanismsMutually Reinforcing Mechanisms

6 Party Talks Inter-Korean Dialogue

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Future of the Korean Future of the Korean PeninsulaPeninsula

Future of the Korean Future of the Korean PeninsulaPeninsula

Korean Peninsula : core element for Korean Peninsula : core element for peace and stability of Northeast Asiapeace and stability of Northeast Asia

Unified Korea : a liberal democratic Unified Korea : a liberal democratic country with an open economycountry with an open economy

Greater role for world peace and Greater role for world peace and prosperityprosperity

1919Thank youThank you