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Key events in American history:• Earliest inhabitants arrived at least 14,000 years ago
from Asia.• Europeans began arriving 500 years ago: first Spanish,
then English and French.• British established 13 colonies.• After independence, in 1776, U.S. established a federal
system of government and started to expand.• Within 100 years the U.S. stretched from Atlantic to
Pacific by annexing, purchasing land and war.
Section 1 History
Place Names -Settlement History
Named after the group of people that settled the area or place
• British= East Coast (New York, Richmond)• Native Indians= All over (Mississippi, Appalachian)• Spanish = Southwest (Santa Fe, San Francisco)• French= Great Lakes Area, Mississippi River
(St. Louis, New Orleans, Detroit)
Westward expansion
Obstacles to expansion1. FALL LINE – point of a river where the river goes
from deep, wide, and calm to shallow and rough. The fall line starts were the soft rock of the Atlantic coastal plain meets the hard rock of the Piedmont.
a. Piedmont – dense rock and rolling hills at the foot of the Appalachian Mountains
b. Navigable river – River that is deep and wide enough for ship to sail
Obstacles to expansion - continue
2. Appalachian Mountains (1st major) – there were no trains or roads early on. People were exposed to the weather and could get killed by a winter storm.
3. Mississippi River - there were no bridges or boats
4. “Savage Indians” – Most people could not tell a peaceful Indian Tribe from a more violent tribe. Many colonist were simply too afraid to move.
Obstacles to expansion - continue
5. The Rocky Mountain Rangea. High elevation and Rugged terrainb. Winter Blizzards are quick, cold, and deadly
Donner Party – cannibalismc. AKA the Great Divide or Continental Divide
- separates the eastward and westward flowing rivers
6. Death Valley to Sierra Nevada Mountain Range
11
Natural Environments of North America
Section 1: Physical FeaturesSection 2: Climates and Biomes
Section 3: Natural Resources
CHAPTER 7
Reasons for expansion
1. Manifest Destiny – It was a common belief that it was a divine plan that
the United State should span from coast to coast
2. The government sold land cheap and often gave it away if people would settle in the west + Sooners (Oklahoma Land Rush)
3. Fertile Farm land in Great Plains Region4. 1849 Gold Rush to California
Reasons for expansion
Gold Rush – Ways to get to Californiaa. Walk/Wagon Trail – cheapest way to travel
- there was power in numbers- took a minimum 4-6 months (often
more)b. Sail through the Caribbean to Panama walk across
and get another ship on the Pacific side of Panama
c. Sail all the way around South America