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Psychology as a science emerged in late 1800.

-Structuralism (Titchener); Mind follows “structures”. Able to find structures able to find truth.

-Functionalism (James); How does the mind work, psychological processes. Can tell you how one can survival.

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Psychoanalytic Perspective (Freud)Person lives in two realms, Conscious and

Unconscious.Person mainly Unconscious with a small

proportion Conscious. The two (conscious and unconscious) are unaware of each other with the exception of moments of Preconsciousness.

Preconscious is small crack in the window to the Unconscious.

∞

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Psychoanalytic Perspective (Freud)Defined self as three parts (selves). Id, selfish /

hedonistic desires and basic instincts; Superego, higher conscious and socially adjusted; Ego, mediator of Id and Superego.

Ego in constant struggle with trying to satisfy the needs of the Id and Superego in a realistic (conscious) way.

∞

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Branching off Freudian Psychoanalytic Psychology

-Erikson, psychosocial stages-Adler, individual psychology-Jung, archetypes and collective

unconscious∞-many more…

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Humanistic Psychology (Maslow, Rogers)- individual’s potential.

Cognitive Psychology-Understanding physical structures (anatomy) and mental processes to understand a person’s mind.

Behaviorism (Pavlov, Skinner)-Understanding observable behavior and environmental influences thus equating the person.

Social Learning Theory (Rotter, Bandura)- social environment and context in determining behavior.

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The thought, feeling, and behavior of individuals’ as shaped by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. G.W. Allport

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Figure 1.1

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We Construct Our Social Reality We react differently because we think

differentlyObjective reality Beliefs about othersBeliefs about ourselves

What Theories and/or Perspectives would explain why we think differently?

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Our Social Intuitions Are Often Powerful but Sometimes Perilous (Wrong) Dual processing

Conscious - deliberate Unconscious - automatic

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Social Influences Shape Our Behavior Locality Educational level Subscribed media Culture Ethnicity

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Personal Attitudes and Dispositions Internal forces

Inner attitudes about specific situations temperament, emotional intelligence “?”,

intelligent quotient (IQ) Personality dispositions

Different people may react differently while facing the same situation

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Social Behavior Is Biologically Rooted Evolutionary psychology

Natural selection predisposes our actions and reactions

Social neuroscience We are bio-psycho-social organisms

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