1

Programme Advisory Committee for Nuclear PhysicsProgramme Advisory Committee for Nuclear Physics2929thth meeting, 22 - 23 January 2009 meeting, 22 - 23 January 2009

Prospects for the development at FLNR of the Prospects for the development at FLNR of the

experimental base for heavy-ion physics experimental base for heavy-ion physics

research and proposals into the Plan for the research and proposals into the Plan for the

Development of JINR for 2010–2016Development of JINR for 2010–2016

S.N. DmitrievFLNR JINR

Basic directions of Basic directions of researchesresearches

Heavy and superheavy elementsHeavy and superheavy elements Synthesis and investigation of properties Synthesis and investigation of properties

and structure of supeheavy isotopes;and structure of supeheavy isotopes; Chemistry of new elements;Chemistry of new elements; Fusion and fission of heavy nucleiFusion and fission of heavy nuclei..

Nuclei in the vicinity of drip-linesNuclei in the vicinity of drip-lines Properties and structure of exotic nuclei;Properties and structure of exotic nuclei; Reactions with exotic nuclei.Reactions with exotic nuclei.

Radiation effects and physical bases of Radiation effects and physical bases of nanotechnologynanotechnology

DRIBs complexDRIBs complex

DRIBs from 2004 to 2008DRIBs from 2004 to 2008 2004 year Run 2004 year Run

2006 year Run2006 year Run

2008 year Run2008 year Run

)(1103)( 7

66

LiApppsHeI

)(2102)( 7

76

LiApppsHeI

)(2102)( 7

76

LiApppsHeI

53

PrimaryPrimary

SecondarySecondary

1818O, O, 1p1pA@48 AMeVA@48 AMeV 1515N, N, 1p1pA@48 AMeVA@48 AMeV

1111LiLi ~ ~ 2*102*1033 ss-1-1, 35 AMeV, 35 AMeV

1212BeBe ~ 6*10~ 6*1044 ss-1-1, 35 AMeV, 35 AMeV

1414BeBe~ 10~ 1033 s s-1-1, 35 AMeV, 35 AMeV --

1515BB~ 5*10~ 5*1044 s s-1-1, 35 AMeV, 35 AMeV --

Production of new RIB’s at ACCULINNAProduction of new RIB’s at ACCULINNA fragment fragment separator and experiments in 2009separator and experiments in 2009

(beryllium target 2mm)

PurposePurpose ReactionReaction Est.EventsEst.Events DateDate1010HeHe

structurestructure1111Li + d → Li + d → 33He + He + 1010HeHe

1212Be + Be + 1212C → C → 1414O + O + 1010HeHe

200/200/monthmonth

50/month50/monthJan.’09Jan.’09

1212He He 1313LiLi

1414Be + Be + 1212C → C → 1414O + O + 1212HeHe

1111Li + t → p + Li + t → p + 1313LiLi

????

End ’09End ’09

6

Operation time Operation time of the U400 cyclotron of the U400 cyclotron

(SHE)(SHE)Synthesis of Super Heavy Elements 6 YearsSynthesis of Super Heavy Elements 6 Years

- Total time of experiments- Total time of experiments 3 Years 3 Years

- Total doze of - Total doze of 4848Ca beamCa beam 2.5 x 10 2.5 x 102020

- Average intensity of ion beam - Average intensity of ion beam (calendar)(calendar) ~ 0,5 ~ 0,5

ppμμAA

Number of observed decay chains Element 118 3 Element 116 26 Element 115 4 Element 114 43 Element 113 2 Element 112 8

8

Planned experiments at Planned experiments at U400 cyclotronU400 cyclotron

4848Ca + Ca + 249249Bk (Bk (249249Bk - target)Bk - target) 5050Ti + Ti + 243243Am (Am (5050Ti – beam);Ti – beam);

Synthesis of superheavy nuclei:

Synthesis of element Z=117:

Search for alternative methods for synthesis of SHE, search for nuclei around N=184 closed shell:

study of fusion mechanisms; use of ions heavier than use of ions heavier than 4848Ca;Ca; fusion of accelerated fission fragments,fusion of accelerated fission fragments, multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions.multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions.

87 ms

17 ms

0.48 s 0.10 s

0.17 s

0.72 s

9 8 . s

1 2 . h 30 h

3.6 s

1 15 / 2 88

1 13 / 2 84

1 11 / 2 80

1 09 / 2 7 6

1 07 / 2 721 07 / 2 72

1 05 / 2 681 05 / 2 67

1 09 / 2 75

1 11 / 2 79

1 13 / 2 83

1 15 / 2 8732 ms243Am + 48Ca

16 new neutron- rich isotopes of the heaviest elements

Super symmetric mode of nuclear fission because of shell effect Z=50 and N=82 in both fragments

Chemical properties of TRANSACTINIDES (relativistic effect)

6

7

8

S F

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

3

249Bk + 48Ca

10

ProductionProduction

249249Bk-target 0.35 mg/cmBk-target 0.35 mg/cm22 = = 0.880.88·10·101818at/cmat/cm2 2 [total ~ 10 mg][total ~ 10 mg]

4848Ca-beam 1 pCa-beam 1 pμμA = 6·10A = 6·101212/s /s time to collection beam dose time to collection beam dose 1·101·101919 = 19.3d= 19.3d total time = 40 daystotal time = 40 days

Collection efficiency of EVRs (DGFRS) Collection efficiency of EVRs (DGFRS) 0.30.3

Cross section for 3n-4n channelsCross section for 3n-4n channels ~2 pb~2 pb

Expected decay number:Expected decay number:

NN = = 0.88·100.88·101818 · · 10101919 · 0.3 · 2· 0.3 · 2·10·10-36-36 = 5 events = 5 events

11

The goal is the radical rise of overall The goal is the radical rise of overall experiment efficiency (known experiment efficiency (known problems)problems)

Beam time is not sufficient;Beam time is not sufficient; The beam intensity is not sufficient;The beam intensity is not sufficient; The area of the U400 experimental hall is not The area of the U400 experimental hall is not

sufficient (150 msufficient (150 m22);); Pure flexibility for tests and for experiments;Pure flexibility for tests and for experiments; Main experimental set-ups were build in 80-Main experimental set-ups were build in 80-

tieth;tieth; The set of accelerated particles is not The set of accelerated particles is not

sufficient;sufficient; No optimum beam matching to experiments.No optimum beam matching to experiments.

Solution: full-scale realization of the DRIBs-Solution: full-scale realization of the DRIBs-projectproject

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DRIBs-IIIDRIBs-III Modernization of existing acceleratorsModernization of existing accelerators ( (UU400М 400М &&

UU400)400) Creation of the new experimental hallCreation of the new experimental hall (≈ 2 (≈ 26600 м00 м22)) Development and creation of next generation set-Development and creation of next generation set-

upsups Creation of high current heavy ion acceleratorCreation of high current heavy ion accelerator ((A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I≥10 pµA)A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I≥10 pµA)

2010 - 2016 2010 - 2016 ≈ 60 М$ ≈ 60 М$

U400M CYCLOTRONU400M CYCLOTRON

Modernization Modernization of the U400M cyclotronof the U400M cyclotron

1)1) to increase the light ion beams intensity by to increase the light ion beams intensity by the factor of 4 – 5 for producing of the factor of 4 – 5 for producing of secondary beams, secondary beams,

2)2) to improve the quality of beams,to improve the quality of beams,3)3) to increase the maximal energy of to increase the maximal energy of

accelerated ions up to 100 MeV/A,accelerated ions up to 100 MeV/A,4)4) to improve the radiation safety conditions,to improve the radiation safety conditions,5)5) to accelerate “low” (6÷15 MeV/A) energy to accelerate “low” (6÷15 MeV/A) energy

ions (move some experiments from U400 to ions (move some experiments from U400 to U400M),U400M),

6)6) to extract the beams to the second direction.to extract the beams to the second direction.

2007-20082007-2008 new axial injection line;new axial injection line; new “warm” ECR ion source (DECRIS-2);new “warm” ECR ion source (DECRIS-2); new magnetic structure of the central region of U400MR;new magnetic structure of the central region of U400MR; second beam extraction system;second beam extraction system; new producing target for secondary beams;new producing target for secondary beams; new local radiation shielding;new local radiation shielding; superconducting 18-GHz primary beam ion source superconducting 18-GHz primary beam ion source

DECRIS-SC2 (under testing);DECRIS-SC2 (under testing); ““warm” 14-GHz secondary beam ion source (under warm” 14-GHz secondary beam ion source (under

testing).testing).

Total modernization of the target unitTotal modernization of the target unit

1)1) Development design of the disposable, Development design of the disposable, nonseparable, quick-detachable, target nonseparable, quick-detachable, target blockblock

2)2) 66He output diagnostics from the catcherHe output diagnostics from the catcher3)3) Creation of effective neutron traps Creation of effective neutron traps

around the targetaround the target 4)4) Adjustment of the new 14 GHz ion Adjustment of the new 14 GHz ion

source source 5)5) Generation and acceleration of HeGeneration and acceleration of He88

New CatcherNew Catcher

18

New 14 GHz Ion SourceNew 14 GHz Ion Source

19

Low energy beam line (2007)Low energy beam line (2007)

20

21

22

M A S H AM A S H A

23

Modernization Modernization of the U400M cyclotronof the U400M cyclotron

The main goals of modernization are achieved The main goals of modernization are achieved (the light ion beams intensity, the quality of (the light ion beams intensity, the quality of beams, acceleration of “low” energy ions)beams, acceleration of “low” energy ions)

The critical point becomes the operation stability The critical point becomes the operation stability (now is (now is ≈≈50%) caused by existing infrastructure50%) caused by existing infrastructure

We can not modernize it we need to create the We can not modernize it we need to create the new onenew one

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U400 CYCLOTRONU400 CYCLOTRON

5)5) Cyclotron average magnetic field level Cyclotron average magnetic field level from 1.8 to 0.8 Tfrom 1.8 to 0.8 T

U400 U400 U400R U400R goalsgoals

2)2) Ion energy variation on the target with factor 5Ion energy variation on the target with factor 5

1)1) Beam intensity of masses A ≈ 50 and Beam intensity of masses A ≈ 50 and energy ≈ 6 MeV/n energy ≈ 6 MeV/n up to 2.5 pμAup to 2.5 pμA

3)3) Energy spread on the target up to 10Energy spread on the target up to 10-3-3

4)4) Beam emittance on the target – 10 π mm · mradBeam emittance on the target – 10 π mm · mrad

6)6) New equipmentNew equipment

The project is fully prepared!

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Planned experiments at Planned experiments at U400 R cyclotronU400 R cyclotron

4848Ca + Ca + 249249Bk (Bk (249249Bk - target)Bk - target) 5050Ti + Ti + 243243Am (Am (5050Ti – beam);Ti – beam);

Synthesis of superheavy nuclei:Synthesis of element Z=117:

Search for alternative methods for synthesis of SHE, search for nuclei around N=184 closed shell:

study of fusion mechanisms; use of ions heavier than use of ions heavier than 4848Ca;Ca; fusion of accelerated fission fragments,fusion of accelerated fission fragments, multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions.multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions.

Experiments with radioactive beams.Experiments with radioactive beams.

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12 м

етро

в

12 метров

226

224

223

222

221

220

219

218

227

1 2 3 4

Des

ign

by B

ashe

voy

V.V.

2600м2

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Next generation experimental set-Next generation experimental set-upsups(under discussion)(under discussion)

Universal gas-filled separator for synthesis and Universal gas-filled separator for synthesis and studying of properties of SHE;studying of properties of SHE;

Preseparator for radiochemical and mass-spectrometric Preseparator for radiochemical and mass-spectrometric researchesresearches

Cryogenic detector for studying chemical properties of Cryogenic detector for studying chemical properties of SHE;SHE;

Systems for collecting and production of single-charged Systems for collecting and production of single-charged ions in gas media (gas catcher);ions in gas media (gas catcher);

Radiochemical laboratory of II class;Radiochemical laboratory of II class; Separator of radioactive neutron rich nuclei for RIB Separator of radioactive neutron rich nuclei for RIB

production;production; Spectrometer for studying reactions induced by RIBs;Spectrometer for studying reactions induced by RIBs; Wide aperture spectrometer of fission fragments;Wide aperture spectrometer of fission fragments; ………………....

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187 189 191 193

41 .0 %

1 .64 %

16.1%

13.3 %

26.4%

195 197

41 .0%O s - isotopes at the focal p laneof M ASHA

Fra

ctio

n%

187 189 191 193

41 .0 %

1.64%

16.1%

13.3%

26.4%

Isotope m ass num ber195 197

41.0%O s - isotopes at the focal p lane

of M ASHA

Fra

ctio

n%

Q 1 Q 2

Q 3

D1D 2

D 3A

D 3BS1

S2

0 1 2 m

Q 1 Q 2

Q 3

D 2

D 3A

D 3BS1

S2

intermediate focus

beam

focal planeDetector

array

SC D0

Gas Catcher

MASHA

Main components:Main components:• Room temperature RFQ and IH-DTL at 108 MHzRoom temperature RFQ and IH-DTL at 108 MHz• Superconducting CH-DTL (324 MHz) and QWR (108 MHz)Superconducting CH-DTL (324 MHz) and QWR (108 MHz)

Possible solution for a new acceleratorPossible solution for a new accelerator(proposed by GSI and University of Frankfurt)(proposed by GSI and University of Frankfurt)

0 5 10 15 20Z / m

Energy MeV/u

1.8 2.4 3.3 4.2 5.2 6.1 7.1

CH DTL, supercond.324 MHz 108 MHz

DebuncherIH DTL,108 MHz

1.40.30.003

25 30

RFQ,108 MHz

ECR source

QWR Cavities

cyclic or linear? “cold” or “warm”?cyclic or linear? “cold” or “warm”?

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Development of basic facilities for Development of basic facilities for radiation physics, radioisotope radiation physics, radioisotope

production, material science and production, material science and nanotechnological applicationsnanotechnological applications

New innovation projects:New innovation projects: design and construction of a specialized design and construction of a specialized

accelerator for BETA project,accelerator for BETA project, use of FLNR facilities in the frame of the use of FLNR facilities in the frame of the

International Innovation Centre on International Innovation Centre on Nanotechnology and the special Nanotechnology and the special economic zone.economic zone.

Radioecological studies, production Radioecological studies, production of high-purity isotopes (of high-purity isotopes (178m178mHf, Hf, 225225Ac, Ac, 236236Pu, Pu, 237237Pu, …)Pu, …)

220100104,04,0

220110117,07,0

220120128,08,0

220130138,58,5

2014201410,510,5

22010155

11,011,0

20120166

12,012,0≈≈60 60 ММ$$

Modernization of existing Modernization of existing heavy ion cyclotron U400heavy ion cyclotron U400: : building of the equipment setbuilding of the equipment setand manufacturing of and manufacturing of systemssystems

2,02,0

installation, adjustment ofinstallation, adjustment ofsystems, launching of U400Rsystems, launching of U400RCreation of the new FLNR Creation of the new FLNR experimental hallexperimental hallrequirements specificationrequirements specification,,projectproject

1,01,0

construction workconstruction work 5,05,0 5,05,0gallery, beam linesgallery, beam lines 2,02,0

Time schedules & financingTime schedules & financing

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20120100

20120111

20120122

20120133

20120144

20152015 20120166

Supporting of experimentsSupporting of experiments 1.01.0 1.01.0 1.01.0 1.01.0 1.01.0 1.01.0 1.01.0Development and creation ofDevelopment and creation ofexperimental set-ups of longexperimental set-ups of longterm action (“physical” and term action (“physical” and ““chemical” separators, chemical” separators, II-class radiochemicalII-class radiochemicallaboratory, etc.) laboratory, etc.)

1.01.0 2.02.0 2.02.0 2.52.5 2.52.5 5.05.0

Creation of high intensity heavy Creation of high intensity heavy ion acceleratorion accelerator((AA≤100,≤100,EE≤10 ≤10 MeVMeV··AA,,II≥10 pµ≥10 pµAA) ) physical motivation, physical motivation, specification of requirements,specification of requirements,projectprojectmanufacturingmanufacturing 5,05,0 5,05,0 10,010,0installation, adjustment ofinstallation, adjustment ofsystems, launchingsystems, launching

11,0,0

Development of experimental base Development of experimental base for radiation physical and for radiation physical and radioisotopic investigationsradioisotopic investigations ( (ICIC100, 100, МТ25, МТ25, UU200)200) and new innovative and new innovative projects projects ((DCDC60М, 60М, DCDC72, ТМ72, ТМ, etc., etc.)) projects

FLNR staff policyFLNR staff policy Staff age distributionStaff age distribution

Average ageAverage age 22 - 3522 - 35 35 - 4535 - 45 45 - 6045 - 60 More than More than 6060

ScientificScientificdivisions (128)divisions (128)

5050 32 (32 (22)) 15 (15 (88)) 42 (42 (2727)) 39 (39 (2626))

AcceleratorAcceleratorDivisions (116)Divisions (116)

5252 1414 16 (16 (11)) 59 (59 (88)) 27 (27 (11))

CAP (83)CAP (83)(out of budget)(out of budget)

5050 1717 8 (8 (11)) 38 (38 (99)) 20 (20 (44))

total (PhD + Doctor of SciencePhD + Doctor of Science)

1. Intake of young scientists from the member states2. Realization of 7 year program with minimal (or zero) staff increase

This year we expect presentation of This year we expect presentation of 10 10 new dissertations (6 PhD + 4 DSc)new dissertations (6 PhD + 4 DSc)

Nuclear physics young staff trainingNuclear physics young staff training

JINR University CenterJINR University Center Nuclear department of MEPhI (Moscow)Nuclear department of MEPhI (Moscow) Nuclear Department of Dubna UniversityNuclear Department of Dubna University International nuclear department of ENU (Astana, Kazachstan) @ JINRInternational nuclear department of ENU (Astana, Kazachstan) @ JINR Nuclear practical training for graduate and post-graduate students at FLNRNuclear practical training for graduate and post-graduate students at FLNR

Examples of the projects proposed for studentsExamples of the projects proposed for students(full list is allocated on the Web page of FLNR – about 100 projects) (full list is allocated on the Web page of FLNR – about 100 projects)

Structure and determination of the optimal parameters of the gas-Structure and determination of the optimal parameters of the gas-filled separator for registering the products of complete fusion filled separator for registering the products of complete fusion reactions reactions

BScBSc MScMSc V. UtyonkovV. Utyonkov

Gamma and beta spectroscopy of isotopes of trasfermium elements Gamma and beta spectroscopy of isotopes of trasfermium elements at VASSILISSA separatorat VASSILISSA separator

MScMSc PhDPhD A. YereminA. Yeremin

Measurement of time of flight of radioactive nuclei at ACCULINNA Measurement of time of flight of radioactive nuclei at ACCULINNA separator with diamond detectorsseparator with diamond detectors

MScMSc A. FomichevA. Fomichev

Study of neutron decay of exotic nucleiStudy of neutron decay of exotic nuclei BScBSc MScMSc Yu. Yu. PenionzhkevichPenionzhkevich

project degree contact

…

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DRIBs-IIIDRIBs-III Modernized acceleratorsModernized accelerators ( (UU400М 400М && UU400400RR)) New experimental hallNew experimental hall (≈ 2 (≈ 26600 м00 м22)) Next generation set-upsNext generation set-ups High current heavy ion acceleratorHigh current heavy ion accelerator ((A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I≥10 pµA)A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I≥10 pµA)

2010 - 2016 2010 - 2016 ≈ 60 М$ ≈ 60 М$

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Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!