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Product Lines 2:Escaping from the Oral Culture
CSSE 371 Software Requirements and Specification Mark Ardis, Rose-Hulman InstituteNovember 2, 2004
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Outline
Economics of product lines Implementing product lines Oral culture
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Economics of Families
CurrentPractice
Number of Family Members
Cumulative Cost Product Line
Approach
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Application Environment
Product Line Engineering Model
Domain Engineering
Application Engineering
Applications
Feedback
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Domain Engineering
Application Environment
Domain Analysis
Domain Model
Domain Implementation
Analysis Document,Application Modeling
Language
Tools,Process
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Application Engineering
Application Engineering
Application
Application EnvironmentApplicationRequirements
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Application Environment
Product Line Engineering Model
Domain Engineering
Application Engineering
Applications
Feedback
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Eli Whitney
Born December 8, 1765 Raised on a farm in rural
Massachusetts Attended Yale College 1789-
1792 What did Whitney do in
1793?
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The Cotton Gin
Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793
Southern planters refused to pay royalties on patent The gin was easy to
manufacture Southern legislatures conspired
against Whitney
Whitney’s company was out of business by 1797
What did Whitney do in 1798?
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Flintlock Components
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Whitney’s Gamble on Automation Whitney offered to make 10,000 muskets in 2 years No other manufacturer had ever made more than a
few hundred muskets Automation was needed to improve the efficiency
of the locksmiths Whitney invented milling machines to produce
interchangeable parts Demonstrated for Congress in 1802
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Putnam Machine Company, 1875
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Configuration Control
Software that enables changes in switch configuration while the switch is operating Ensures that requested configurations are valid and safe Reconfigures Example: Remove a Protocol Handler (PH) from service and
replace it with a spare
New switching technology requires new configuration controllers New unit types for new functionality of lower COGS
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Commonality Analysis of Configuration Control 1 staff-year effort over 6 months by 6 experts Produced a Commonality Analysis
Definitions: rational vocabularyCommonalities: reusable algorithmsVariabilities: relationships between devicesParameters of Variation: enumerated types
Reviewed by organization
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Building Technology for Configuration Control 2 staff-years effort over 12 months by 3
experts Languages -- capture generic algorithms
and parameters Translators -- translate to executable code Interface to legacy system Graphical editor
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SMALL-D
Configuration Control Architecture
SMALL-V SMALL-R
Domain Engineering Environment
Application Engineering Environment
VFSMC Data
Application
RAD
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Configuration ControlDevelopment Environment
ApplicationEngineer
DomainEngineer
Application SpecificConfiguration Control
ReusableAssets
ApplicationData
ApplicationEnvironment
Interface
RAD
C Code
KnowledgeBase
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RAD Tool
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Reusable Assets
Validations -- generic algorithms for every unit type
Realizations -- generic algorithms for every unit type
Relationshipsdata that is used to drive the generic algorithmsdesign information shared across development
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Applications
Project 1 (1994) re-engineering project to demonstrate feasibility replaced existing code and demonstrated in lab
Project 2 (1996) shadow project to demonstrate performance duplicated work of another team and compared results
Project 3 (1997-1998) first real application reworked domain analysis as work progressed
Project 4 (1999) production use
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CALHSI DECC
PSAD
AIMTLP
TRPTAC
0
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40
60
80
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Interval Reduction on 5ESS Projects
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Oral Culture
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Problems of Oral Culture
No History (Goody and Watt)Story changes with each tellingEvolution breeds decay
No abstraction (Luria) Insistence on reasoning in terms of ground
elementsRefusal to extend arguments to abstractions
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From Orality to Literacy
Write it down Identify abstractions Construct languages Create in the new languages
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Power of Written Language
Generic algorithms of Configuration Control Translated to flowcharts and English for review Executed in simulator for further review Translated to VFSM for execution
Commonality Analysis of Configuration Control Starting point for DECC implementation Starting point for 4 other designs
