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1
Pre-university Engineering Education in the IEEE
August 2007Piura, Peru
Moshe Kam Educational Activities
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A Few Words about IEEE
IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world
367,000 members in 150 countries A 501(c)3 organization in incorporated in New York
Originally concentrating on power engineering and communications IEEE at present spans technical interests across the spectrum of technology
From nanotechnology to oceanic engineering
In many respects IEEE has become “the steward of Engineering”
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It all starts in Philadelphia… AIEE
In 1884 the Franklin Institute organized the International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia
The Operator, 15 April 1884 “The…exhibition would be attended by foreign electrical savants, engineers, and manufacturers...it would be a lasting disgrace to American electricians if no American electrical national society was in existence to receive them with the honors due them from their co-laborers in the United States." Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Edwin Houston, and Edward Weston
AIEE’s First Technical Meeting 7-8 October 1884, the Franklin Institute
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Early Presidents
Alexander G. Bell Elihu Thomson Charles Steinmetz Frank Sprague
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A few more recent Presidents
Leah Jamieson Joseph Bordogna Michael Lightner Wallace Read
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AIEE IRE
Established 1884
An American Organization
Representing the establishment
Rooted in Power Engineering
First computers working group Now the Computer Society
Established 1908
An international Organization
Open to students, young professionals
Quick to adopt advances in radar, radio, TV, electronics, computers
Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (January 1913)
1963: Merger of AIEE and IRE to create IEEE
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Total IEEE Membership - 1963 to 2005
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
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What is IEEE?
A membership organization
A major creator and guardian of technical IP
A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together
both geographically and disciplinarily
A guardian of the future of Engineering
An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives
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What is IEEE?
A membership organization
A major creator and guardian of technical IP
A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together
both geographically and disciplinarily
A guardian of the future of Engineering
An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives
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What does IEEE do?
Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing
Organizes conferences
Develops standards
Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together
Organizes professional activities among engineering students
Educates the public about Engineering
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What does IEEE do?
Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing
Organizes conferences
Develops standards
Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together
Organizes professional activities among engineering students
Educates the public about Engineering
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Why is IEEE interested in pre-university engineering education?
Because it is in our stated and un-stated mission
Because in many IEEE Sections there is marked decline in the interest of young people in Engineering
This is bad for the future of these communities and would have a negative impact on their standard of living
Because we do not believe the problem is going to be tackled effectively without us
Industry does not appear to be able to address the problem directly
Governments do not appear sufficiently concerned (yet) Other engineering associations look up to us
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Some of the problems are related to national policy
Country Public expenditures on education
R&D investment per capita (1M people)
Argentina 3.5% 0.013%
Brazil 5.1% 0.004%
Ecuador 3.5% l.t 0.001%
Peru 2.9% l.t 0.001%
Austria 5.4% 0.2%
Spain 5.0% 0.02%
UNESCO World Education Report
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What is the Problem?
Flat or declining engineering enrollments in most developed nations
Coupled with disappointing performance of youth in Mathematics
E.g., “free fall” in Scandinavia
Insufficient number of engineers and engineering educational programs in most developing countries
Asia is far behind Europe and the US in number of engineers per capita
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New baccalaureate engineering degrees per year per million citizens (2004)
Country Number of degrees per million citizens
USA 468.3
China 271.1
India 103.7
SA 36.5
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What is the Problem?
Women & minority students conspicuously under-represented
Public perception of engineers/ engineering/ technology is largely misinformed Resulting in early decisions that block
the path of children to Engineering
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Engineering degrees US: 2005-2006
http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf
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B.Sc Degrees in Engineering by Gender, US: 2005-2006
http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf
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Engineering Degrees Awarded to women, US: 2005-2006
http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf
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B.Sc Degrees in Engineering by Ethnicity, US: 2005-2006
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Engineering has a problem of image
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From Collegeboard.com: LawIt helps to be… Are you ready
to…
fascinated by the relationship between law and society
engage in intense discussion of thorny legal problems ?
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From Collegeboard.com: Broadcast Journalism
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
sharp of mind and quick of tongue
learn how to find and interview sources?
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From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
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From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
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From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
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From Collegeboard.com: Mechanical Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A fan of science and math, a creative problem solver, and someone who likes to take things apart to find out how they work.
Rely on your math skills? Master difficult scientific concepts? Take on a heavy course load? Spend five years as an undergrad…
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From Collegeboard.com: Electrical Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A fan of science and math who’s curious about the way things work
Spend hours building detailed, complicated systems
Try, try, and try again when at first a project doesn’t succeed
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In many countries in the Western Hemisphere, student achievements in
mathematics are low
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OECD Program for International Student Assessment
Mathematics, 15 year old students
The United States
Finland, Korea, the Netherlands, Japan
Mexico
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What is the problem in Peru?
Currently almost all students in elementary-school age attend school
A series of studies and public statements by local specialists have assessed the quality of the pre-university educational system to be low
The way to assess: achievement in standardized tests
Peru has participated in one international achievement evaluation organized by UNESCO
Cueto et al. 2006
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International achievement evaluation (UNESCO)
This study included achievement of third and fourth grade students
in urban and rural areas in mathematics and language in Spanish only
Among twelve (12) countries in Latin America, Peru ranked…
Twelve (12) in fourth grade mathematics Eleven (11) in third grade mathematics
Ten (10) and Nine (9) in the same grades in language
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National Evaluations (1998)
National evaluations in mathematics were performed by the Peruvian Ministry of Education in 1998
in urban areas only
Deficiencies mostly in the topic of fractions and in general in problem solving
even in items that were classified by specialists as easy given the curriculum
Students seem to have no problem in performing routine arithmetic operations if they involve whole positive numbers only
Cueto et al. 2006
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2001 National Evaluation The Peruvian Ministry of Education at the end of 2001
performed a new national evaluation Most students in sixth grade were below the cut-off
scores set by specialists to reflect acceptable learning
The worse results in this and other evaluations have been in areas where poverty is higher
Bottom line: problems in the mathematics results of the Peruvian students
at least as they can be defined through achievement in standardized tests using multiple choice items
Cueto et al. 2006
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Pre-university activities in IEEE
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On Line Portal
Tryengineering.org
“Strong On-line presence”
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The Web provides us with high potential for reachability
A successful portal can become a major resource for students, parents, school counselors, and teachers
But success is difficult in an ever-crowded medium
Effort needs to be coupled with more modern tools
Instant messaging, podcasts
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TryEngineering.org
A comprehensive portal on engineering for young people
Original target audience: young people ages 8-18
Designed to convey excitement about engineering and design
Can-do attitude Hands-on experience Positive image of the engineering process and
engineering
“Discover the creative engineer in you”
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TryEngineering.orgA portal for students, parents, school counselors and teachers
School searchBy location, program, environment
Day in the life of an engineer
Hands-on and virtual projects
Class plans for teaching engineering design
Ask an engineerBrought to you by SAE
Ask a studentBrought to you by JETS
Games Summer camps, internship opportunities
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Unique features
School search
Ask an Engineer
Ask a Student
Coming up: Opportunities Pre-university students: summer camps, science fairs University students: research opportunities, summer
and co-op jobs Graduating students: graduate study opportunities,
academic jobs
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On-line Presence: TryEngineering
TryEngineering.org is becoming an increasingly popular resource for the pre-university and university communities
40,000 visitors per month
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Countries of Users: English Version
US (70%) India (5%) China (3.3%) Canada United Kingdom Austria Australia
Malaysia Germany Japan Thailand South Africa Korea Brazil
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Most Requested Files: Lesson Plans
Build a robot arm Close to 17,000 downloads
Cracking the Code (bar codes)
Critical Load (Civil Engineering)
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New University Searches: 15 Countries
Australia Brazil Canada Pakistan France Germany India Japan
Korea Mexico New Zealand Malaysia South Africa United Kingdom United States
What’s new
48
New Languages
中文 Chinese
Deutsch German
Español Spanish
Français French
邦人 Japanese
русский Russian
What’s new
1 June 2007
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A New Original Game: Questioneering
What’s new
Question: The following are examples of word processing applications:
(A)LaTex and Microsoft Word(B)MIDI and RS-232 (C)Pdf and PCM(D)QWERTY and AZERTY
Questions created by 26 graduate students, engineers, and engineering professors
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A New Original Game: Questioneering
What’s new
Question: Artificial neural networks are...
(A)Brain implants designed by biomedical engineers(B)Models of interconnected processors used for
signal processing and computation (C)Neuron architectures present in people who were in
bad brain accidents(D) Internet discussion groups devoted to Cognitive
Science
We are looking for an Intern to provide players with more feedback
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Future services – focus on the University/College Student
Effective oral and written presentations
Job search and preparation for interview
Writing a resume
Looking for graduate school Graduate school homepage already available
through University Search
What’s new
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Future Services – interviews with students and practitioners
Interviews with students from California State University, Northridge
Interviews with ECE and Biomedical Engineering practitioners engaged in Biometrics work
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Future services: www.Accreditation.org
Introduction to Accreditation List of recognized accrediting bodies
worldwide And the programs they accredit
List of mutual recognition agreements Including original texts and commentary
Policy papers on accreditation
Links and scholarly papers
Coming in August 2007
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Teacher In Service Program
“Engineering in the Classroom”
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The Teacher In Service Program (TISP)
A program that trains IEEE volunteers to work with pre-university teachers
Based on approved Lesson Plans Prepared by IEEE volunteered Tested in classrooms Associated with Education Standards Designed to highlight engineering design
principles The cost is less than $100 for a class of 30
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How does it work?
Section volunteers run a TISP training event
EAB provides logistical support and instructors
Volunteers gather for a day and a half of training With teachers and school administrators
Volunteers spread the program in their school districts
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2006-2007Complete Underway
Boston (R1)
Indianapolis (R4)
Memphis (R3)
Kuala Lumpur (R10)
Cape Town (R8)
Piura, Peru (R9)
Rio de Janeiro (R9)
Baltimore (R2)
Dallas (R5)
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Expected attendance
Venue Expected Attendance
Piura At least 100
Rio de Janeiro 50-70
Baltimore 40-60
Dallas 50-70
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Recent information “From the Field”
Six new programs in South Africa To subject advisors and educators Total number of affected teachers will
be more than 700
Four new programs in Malaysia 160 teachers
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Activity Sample
http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/lessons.html
http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/slessons.html
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Rotational Equilibrium: A Question of Balance
Demonstrate the concept of rotational equilibrium, by building and testing a Mobile
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Build working models with household items
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Design and Build a Better Candy Bag
Lesson Focus
Demonstrate how product design differences can affect the success of a final product
in this case a bag for holding candy.
Students work in pairs to evaluate, design, and build a better candy bag
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New Lesson Plans
Give Binary A Try Computer arithmetic and ALU design
Hand Biometrics Technology Biometrics
Sail Away Watercraft design
Simple Kitchen Machines Simple Machines
Dispenser Designs Design: user satisfaction, costs, materials
Engineering Ups and Downs Elevators
Build a Big Wheel Ferris Wheels
What’s new
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Additional New Lesson Plans Sort it Out Sticky Engineering
Challenge Ship the Chip Move That
Lighthouse! A Question of Balance Program Your Own
Game
Engineering Air Traffic Pipeline Challenge Infrared Investigations Hull Engineering Engineered Sports Engineered Memory Wind Tunnel Testing
What’s new
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Questions and comments
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References Santiago Cueto, Cecilia Ramirez, Leon Juan: Opportunities
to Learn and Achievement in Mathematics in a Sample of Sixth Grade Students in Lima, PeruEducational Studies in Mathematics, v62 n1 p25-55 May 2006
http://www.gdnet.org/pdf/2002AwardsMedalsWinners/EducationKnowledgeTechnology/santiago_cueto_paper.pdf
Education and Training in Peru, http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/ISA_2032/$file/X_3134639.DOC