1 Policing In Your Community: “A Community Policing Approach” Honolulu Police Department Train the Trainer - 2011

1

Policing In Your Community: “A Community Policing Approach”

Policing In Your Community: “A Community Policing Approach”

Honolulu Police Department

Train the Trainer - 2011

HousekeepingHousekeeping

• Coffee• Restrooms• Phone calls

Outgoing * Cell Phones * Pagers

• Breaks/Meals• Sign-in Roster• Schedule• Participant Notebooks• Reimbursement Rates

Restrooms

Coffee

Telephones

IntroductionsIntroductions


TRAINING GOALSTRAINING GOALS

• To increase understanding of Community Policing • To develop partnerships between community and police

• To build effective problem-solving teams

• To identify and begin work on your own community issues.• Have FUN!!!

ObjectivesObjectives

– Establish partnerships – Build team relations– Learn about community policing strategies

to apply in your own communities– Develop an action plan to continue

community building work

Training ScheduleTraining Schedule

Day 1 Day 2

Introductions

Building Community Partnerships


Problem Solving

Community Policing Words of Wisdom

Facilitating Change

Team Building

Ground RulesGround Rules

• Respect the opinions of others

• Be an active, empathetic listener

• Get everyone involved• Recognize the value of making mistakes• Be prepared to start and end on time• Decision making through consensus• Have Fun!

What do you hope to get out of this training?

Why are you here?Why are you here?Why are you here?Why are you here?

What is What is youryour job? job?What is What is youryour job? job?

• Personal List

• Group List

• Qualify list to go to the newspaper

• Did you take things off the list?

• What would have happened if we used your original list?

Overview of Honolulu Police DepartmentOverview of Honolulu Police Department

• Mission

• Vision

• Values

• Mission Statement

• We, the men and women of the Honolulu Police Department, are dedicated to providing excellent service through partnerships that build trust, reduce crime, create a safe environment, and enhance the quality of life in our community.

•

• Core Values

• Integrity:

• Respect

• Fairness

To form a partnership with the community in order to create a safe

and secure environment.

Mission: Community PolicingMission: Community Policing

Mission

• Mission Statement• We, the men and women of the Honolulu Police Department,

are dedicated to providing excellent service through partnerships that build trust, reduce crime, create a safe environment, and enhance the quality of life in our community.

• • Core Values• Integrity: • Respect • Fairness

Aloha Spirit LawAloha Spirit Law

Hawai’i Revised Statutes, Chapter 5, Section 7.5Hawai’i Revised Statutes, Chapter 5, Section 7.5(a) The Aloha spirit is the coordination of the mind and heart within each person. It (a) The Aloha spirit is the coordination of the mind and heart within each person. It brings each person to the self. Each person must think and emote good feelings to brings each person to the self. Each person must think and emote good feelings to other. In the contemplation and presence of the life force. Aloha, the following other. In the contemplation and presence of the life force. Aloha, the following unuhi laula loa (free translation) may be used:unuhi laula loa (free translation) may be used:

AAkahai, meaning kindness to be expressed with tenderness;kahai, meaning kindness to be expressed with tenderness;

LLokahi, meaning unity, to be expressed with harmony;okahi, meaning unity, to be expressed with harmony;

OOlu’olu’, meaning agreeable, to be expressed with pleasantness;lu’olu’, meaning agreeable, to be expressed with pleasantness;

HHa’aha’a, meaning humility, to be expressed with modesty;a’aha’a, meaning humility, to be expressed with modesty;

AAhonui, meaning patience, to be expressed with perserverance.honui, meaning patience, to be expressed with perserverance.

Aloha Spirit LawAloha Spirit Law

These are traits of character that express the charm, warmth andThese are traits of character that express the charm, warmth andsincerity of Hawai’i’s people. It was the working philosophy of native Hawai’ians and sincerity of Hawai’i’s people. It was the working philosophy of native Hawai’ians and was presented as a gift to the people of Hawai’i.was presented as a gift to the people of Hawai’i.

Aloha is more than a word of greeting or farewell or a salutation.Aloha is more than a word of greeting or farewell or a salutation.

Aloha means mutual regard and affection and extends warmth in caring with no Aloha means mutual regard and affection and extends warmth in caring with no obligation in return.obligation in return.

Aloha is the essence of relationships in which each person is important to every Aloha is the essence of relationships in which each person is important to every other person for collective existence.other person for collective existence.

Aloha means to hear what is not said, to see what cannot be seen and to know the Aloha means to hear what is not said, to see what cannot be seen and to know the unknowable.unknowable.

The Aloha SpiritThe Aloha SpiritThe Aloha SpiritThe Aloha Spirit

What is there about What is there about our Department or our Department or Community which Community which makes individuals makes individuals unable to live the unable to live the

Aloha Spirit?Aloha Spirit?


Where is our Where is our Department or Department or

Community failing, in Community failing, in efforts to get efforts to get

individuals to show individuals to show more kindness?more kindness?


What does it mean What does it mean to work to work

cooperatively?cooperatively?

In our professional responsibilities, In our professional responsibilities, individual contacts and personal individual contacts and personal relationships:relationships:


What does it mean to What does it mean to have Integrity?have Integrity?



How do we exhibit How do we exhibit Professionalism Professionalism on a daily basis as on a daily basis as we work?we work?



How integral is How integral is Compassion in our daily Compassion in our daily contacts with victims, contacts with victims, community members, community members, defendants, etc.defendants, etc.



How important is Teamwork How important is Teamwork in our everyday efforts to in our everyday efforts to build healthy communities build healthy communities on the Big Island?on the Big Island?



What does What does Community Community Satisfaction look Satisfaction look like?like?

How does your personal list support the How does your personal list support the missionmission of the Honolulu Police of the Honolulu Police Department?Department?

How does your personal list support the How does your personal list support the missionmission of the Honolulu Police of the Honolulu Police Department?Department?

“Must be behaviors or actions that are observable and measurable.”

How easy is it to do the things How easy is it to do the things contained in the mission contained in the mission statement?statement?

How easy is it to do the things How easy is it to do the things contained in the mission contained in the mission statement?statement?

What is easy?

What is difficult?

Is Community Policing easy to Is Community Policing easy to support and do?support and do? Is Community Policing easy to Is Community Policing easy to support and do?support and do?

What exactly is Community Policing?

… … a philosophy wherein the police a philosophy wherein the police

and the community share resources and the community share resources

and responsibility for solving recurring and responsibility for solving recurring

problems that directly or indirectly problems that directly or indirectly threaten community safety or livability. threaten community safety or livability.

-Western Community Policing Institute-Western Community Policing Institute

Community PolicingCommunity PolicingCommunity PolicingCommunity Policing

PhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy

• The objective of philosophy is to consider the The objective of philosophy is to consider the rational justification of logical inferences, human rational justification of logical inferences, human values, criteria for establishing the claims of values, criteria for establishing the claims of knowledge and certainly, and interpretations of knowledge and certainly, and interpretations of the nature of reality. the nature of reality.

• A major in philosophy prepares students A major in philosophy prepares students generally for careers in areas which require the generally for careers in areas which require the ability to analyze problems and to think and write ability to analyze problems and to think and write clearly. It is an appropriate major for students clearly. It is an appropriate major for students planning to continue their education for planning to continue their education for professional careers such as law, medicine and professional careers such as law, medicine and theology. theology.

How does How does PhilosophyPhilosophy apply to apply to Community Policing?Community Policing? How does How does PhilosophyPhilosophy apply to apply to Community Policing?Community Policing?

You?

What is your philosophy of Life?Policing?

Community Oriented Policing Philosophy

• Community Oriented Policing (COP) is a

policing philosophy based on several key values and beliefs:

• COP considers that the mission of the police is to provide professional, disciplined policing services designed to ensure the safety and security of our community.

• COP embraces two key policing strategies: Response to Incidents (R2I) and Problem Oriented Policing (POP).

Community Oriented Policing Philosophy • COP balances the use of these two

strategies through careful, continuous analysis of activity patterns that permit a different police response to different community needs.

• COP requires the professional commitment and creative involvement of every member of the police department, associated public and private agencies and members of the community.


• COP recognizes that, regardless of a person's socioeconomic status, race, national origin, language, age or religion, each person has a right to high quality police services.

• COP also recognizes that crime and disorder are only part of the many issues that police have to deal with in a complex and dynamic city.

• COP is a philosophy by which all police services are provided to the community, including all the following fundamental police functions:


• Responding to citizen calls for police assistance

• Enforcing the law

• Maintaining order in the community

• Providing emergency services

• Preventing crime

• Investigating criminal activity

How can you recognize and How can you recognize and apply your philosophy that apply your philosophy that supports supports Community Policing Community Policing and everything you do?and everything you do?

How can you recognize and How can you recognize and apply your philosophy that apply your philosophy that supports supports Community Policing Community Policing and everything you do?and everything you do?

What is your responsibility as a What is your responsibility as a leader in leader in our agencyour agency and and your your community?community?

What is your responsibility as a What is your responsibility as a leader in leader in our agencyour agency and and your your community?community?

What are emotional Intelligences What are emotional Intelligences (emotional quotient?)(emotional quotient?) What are emotional Intelligences What are emotional Intelligences (emotional quotient?)(emotional quotient?)

“The level of your ability to understand other people, what motivates them and how to work cooperatively with them.”

H. Gardner – Harvard Theorist• Self-awareness

• Self-regulation

• Motivation

• Empathy

• Social Skills

INTERPERSONAL

INTRAPERSONAL

What is a leader?

“The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts toward goal achievement in a given situation.”

Heresy and Blanchard, 1988:86)

How do you do this?How do you do this?Emotional IntelligencesEmotional Intelligences

Self-awareness Self-awareness Self-awareness Self-awareness

Self-awareness: The ability to recognize an emotion as it “happens” is the key to your EQ. Developing self- awareness requires tuning in to your true feelings. If you evaluate your emotions you can manage them.

Self-awarenessSelf-awareness Self-awarenessSelf-awareness

• Emotional awareness: Your ability to recognize your own emotions and their effects.

• Self-confidence: Sureness about your self-worth and capabilities.

Self-regulationSelf-regulationSelf-regulationSelf-regulation

Self-regulation: You often have little control over when you experience emotions. You can, however have some say in how long an emotional will last by using a number of techniques to alleviate negative emotions such as anger, anxiety or depression. A few of the techniques include recasting a situation in a more positive light, taking a long walk and meditation or prayer. Self-regulation involves:

Self-regulationSelf-regulationSelf-regulationSelf-regulation

• Self-control: Managing disruptive impulses.

• Trustworthiness: Maintaining standards of honesty and integrity.

• Conscientiousness: Taking responsibility for your own performance.

• Adaptability: Handling change with flexibility.

• Innovation: Being open to new ideas.

MotivationMotivation MotivationMotivation

To motivate yourself for any achievement requires clear goals and a positive attitude. Although you may have a predisposition to either a positive or a negative attitude, you can with effort and practice learn to think more positively. If you catch negative thoughts as they occur, you can reframe them in more positive terms—which will help you achieve your goals. Motivation is made up of:

MotivationMotivation MotivationMotivation

• Achievement drive: Your constant striving to improve or to meet a standard of excellence.

• Commitment: Aligning with the goals of the group or organization.

• Initiative: Readying yourself to act on opportunities.

• Optimism: Pursuing goals persistently despite obstacles and setback.

EmpathyEmpathy EmpathyEmpathy

The ability to recognize how people feel is important to success in our life and career. The more your are at discerning the feelings behind others’ signals the better you can control the signals you send them. An empathetic person excels at:

EmpathyEmpathy EmpathyEmpathy

• Service orientation: Anticipating, recognizing and meeting clients’ needs.

• Developing others: Sensing what others need to progress and bolstering their abilities.

• Leveraging diversity: Cultivating opportunities through diverse people.

• Political awareness: Reading a group’s emotional currents and power relationships.

• Understanding others: Discerning the feelings behind the needs and wants of others.

Social SkillsSocial Skills Social SkillsSocial Skills

The development of good interpersonal skills is tantamount to success in your life and career. “People Skills” are even more important now because you must possess a high EQ to better understand, empathize and negotiate with others in a global economy. Among the most useful skills are:

Social SkillsSocial Skills Social SkillsSocial Skills

• Influence: Wielding effective persuasion tactics.

• Communication: Sending clear messages.

• Leadership: Inspiring and guiding groups and people.

• Change catalyst: Initiating or managing change.

• Conflict management: Understanding, negotiating and resolving disagreements.

• Building bonds: Nurturing instrumental relationships.

• Collaboration and cooperation: Working with others toward shared goals.

How can you use How can you use Emotional Emotional IntelligencesIntelligences to help you better support to help you better support the the philosophy and vision of community philosophy and vision of community policing?policing?

How can you use How can you use Emotional Emotional IntelligencesIntelligences to help you better support to help you better support the the philosophy and vision of community philosophy and vision of community policing?policing?

What can the police do?What can the police do?

SchoolsNon-profits

Businesses

Citizens at Large

Other Public Safety

Government

SocialServices

Media

POLICE

CRIME

What can the police do?What can the police do?

• Poverty

• Unemployment

• Lack of Education

• Single Parent Family

• Substance Abuse

• Family Member in the Criminal Justice System

• Young Male

How do we build healthy How do we build healthy communities?communities?

SchoolsNon-profits

Businesses

Citizens at Large

Other Public Safety

Government

SocialServices Police

COMMUNITY

WELLNESS

So…..which one works best?So…..which one works best?

Police Crime

SchoolsNon-profits

Businesses

Citizens at Large

Other Public Safety

Government

SocialServices

Media

SchoolsNon-profits

Businesses

Citizens at Large

Other Public Safety

Government

SocialServices Police

Community Wellness

… a philosophy wherein the police and the community share resources and responsibility for solving recurring problems that directly or indirectly

threaten community safety or livability.

-Western Community Policing Institute

Community PolicingCommunity Policing

Partnerships + Problem Solving

On policing...On policing...“... The police are the public and the public are the police...”

- Sir Robert Peel 1829

“To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only the members of the public that are paid to give full-time attention to the duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interest of community welfare and existence.”

Community Police Officers are responsible for developing partnerships within the

community in an effort to create a safe and secure environment. This can be

accomplished through community mobilization, crime prevention efforts and

problem solving (i.e., Neighborhood Watch, Citizen Patrol, etc.). Through mobilization, Community Police Officers can facilitate a

community's efforts to create positive changes within their neighborhood.

Community Policing Responsibilities

AuthorizationPolitical Era

(1800s – 1900s)Reform Era

(1920s – 1980s)Community Era

(1980s - ??)

Politics and Law Law and Professionalism Community Support(political law, and professionalism)

Function

Organizational Design

Demand

Relation toEnvironment

Tactics and Technology

Outcome

Broad Social Services Crime Control Broad Provision of Service(decentralized task force, matrices)

Decentralized Centralized, Classic Decentralized

Decentralized, to policeAnd politicians intimate Centralized Intimate

Foot Patrol Professionally Remote Foot Patrol, Problem-Solving

Citizen and PoliticalSatisfaction

Preventative Patrol, Rapid Response to Calls Crime Control

Quality of Life and Citizen Satisfaction

Changes in Policing

Five Core ComponentsFive Core Components

• Organizational Change (to support Community Policing Philosophy)

• Community Partnerships• Problem Solving• Prevention• Integrity


Core Values:Integrity Respect Fairness

Facilitating ChangeFacilitating Change

Facilitating Change - ObjectivesFacilitating Change - Objectives

• To understand the effects of change on an individual, an organization, and a community.

• To compare the past practices and assumptions of traditional policing, with the implementation of community policing.

• To note the importance of a shared vision in implementing community policing.

• To differentiate between traditional leadership practices and those required in transitioning to community policing.

Change is all around usChange is all around us

• Demographics

• Technology

• Economy

• Global Issues

• Education

• Families

• Communities

Three Conditions of Change:Three Conditions of Change:

What’s wrong with the way things are? (Discomfort)

What’s a better way of doing it? (Vision)

How do I do it? We see some reasonable steps to get there.

We have adequate resources to accomplish it.

Conventional Policing Methods

Preventative PatrolKansas City Experiment

Rapid Response

Follow-up Criminal InvestigationLow property recovery rateMedium to low clearance rate

Officers focus on responding to calls. Arrest is a primary tool.

Community shouldn’t have to fight crime. We pay law enforcement to do that.

Parole Officers focus on monitoring and reporting.Juvenile Systems and Adult Systems are two

separate things.Police work is done “by the book.”

Citizens expect to “call a cop (9-1-1) and get a cop.”

Conventional ThinkingConventional Thinking

When the shift is over, crime is someone else’s problem.

If it’s not in my backyard, crime is someone else’s problem.

Success is measured by the number of arrests made and the number of tickets issued.

Citizens don’t get involved. They are part of the problem.

Things are okay as they are. We don’t have problems in my community.

Conventional ThinkingConventional Thinking

Change is a Process

1. Resistance2. Justifying the Resistance3. Considering an Alternative4. Resolution

Making a Case for ChangeMaking a Case for Change

• Discomfort (2 minutes) Are you satisfied with your current ability to– Organize your work day– Get enough exercise? If not, what’s wrong?

• Vision (2 minutes) Can you envision something better?

• Steps (3 minutes) What steps can be taken to change things? How can others help?

Group Activity

The 80/20 Rule:The 80/20 Rule:

10% - Actively embrace change

10% - Actively resist change

80% - Wait and see

Where will you spend your time/energy?

Team BuildingTeam Building


Objectives for Team BuildingObjectives for Team Building

• Identify the benefits of working as a team

• Develop a teamwork environment

• Demonstrate team development techniques

• Enhance trust and consensus building skills

Team – A DefinitionTeam – A Definition

“A small group of people with complementary skills, committed to a common purpose, with specific goals, a common working approach, and mutual accountability.”

- The Wisdom of Teams

Why work as a team?Why work as a team?

• A team combines multiple skills, experience, and diverse backgrounds.

• A team gets better results than a collection of individuals working on their own. (Synergy)

• A team is more flexible than a permanent structure or system.

• A team is more productive because their members are committed to a common goal.

• As a result of all this, a team delivers results.

Ten Characteristics of an Effective TeamTen Characteristics of an Effective Team

1) A meaningful mission.2) A clearly defined outcome.3) An understanding of cultural

norms and their impact on communication, problem solving, and conflict.

4) A set of shared values that clearly demonstrate dignity and respect.

5) A cultivation of different viewpoints.

6) A willingness to get the job done.

7) Loyalty and devotion to the team experience.

8) A desire for individual and collective growth.

9) An openness to new experiences and processes.

10) Shared laughter and humor as part of the team experience

“Seek first to understand, then to be understood”.

“Seek first to understand, then to be understood”.

- Stephen Covey

Bridging Police and CommunityBridging Police and Community

• How does the other group perceive us?

• What I wish the other group would understand about us is…

• The three most important things

I need from the other group are…

… of group development

FormingForming StormingStorming

PerformingPerforming NormingNorming

1 2

34

Forming: Some ConsiderationsForming: Some Considerations

• Group Diversity

• Comprehensive Information

• Understanding

• Sharing a vision

• Working toward the vision with effective solutions

Storming: CommunicationStorming: Communication

• Explore the concerns of everyone

• Listen for understanding

• Be clear when sharing your own ideas

• Make “Different People” our of “Difficult People”

Norming: Consensus BuildingNorming: Consensus Building

• All members contribute knowledge and opinion

• Everyone’s input is considered• All relevant information has been shared• You are genuinely seeking new solutions• All members support the action s if the

decision was their own

Performing: Consensus BuildingPerforming: Consensus Building

• Exhibiting the 10 characteristics

Decisionsby ConsensusDecisionsby Consensus

• All members are heard.• All members are honest.• Everyone’s input is considered equally.• All relevant information has been shared.• Genuinely searching for new solutions.• Personal sacrifice for the sake of the team;

be willing to “live with” a decision.• Support the action as if the decision was

your own.

Problem-Solving StylesProblem-Solving Styles

• Collaborator = Big Picture

(May neglect the nuts and bolts)

• Contributor = Task Oriented

(May be short-sighted)

• Communicator = Builds Trust

(May over-emphasize team climate)

• Challenger = Provides Reality Checks(May question relentlessly)

Passengers on the U.S.S. ConsensusPassengers on the U.S.S. Consensus

• 19 year old AIDS patient

• 54 year old Doctor• 33 year old Carpenter• 16 year old unwed

Pregnant Girl• 42 year old Deputy

Sheriff

• 23 year old Beauty Queen

• 49 year old Ship’s Captain

• 25 year old Professional Baseball Player

• 37 year old Plumber• 40 year old IBM

Executive

Bomb ShelterBomb Shelter

• 40 year old male violinist who is a suspected narcotics dealer• 34 year old male architect, thought to be homosexual• 26 year old lawyer• The lawyers 24 year old wife, just released from a mental

institution (They want to go in together, or stay out together)• 75 year old priest• 34 year old successful businesswoman (retired prostitute)• 20 year old black militant• 23 year old female graduate student (pro-choice advocate)• 28 year old male teacher (with a gun), former KKK member• 30 year old female MD (prejudiced against men)• 17 year old pregnant female (low intelligence)• 18 year old high school dropout (former football player)

LeadershipLeadership

Leadership…the art of getting others to want to do something that you are convinced should be done.

-The Leadership Challenge

Your TeamYour Team

• We are…

• We believe in…

• Our responsibilities as community policing leaders are to…

Our TeamOur Team

• Combine the words and phrases on your lists to make a couple of sentences which defines who you are, what you stand for, and your reason for being a community policing team.

• Use this to create a team motto and flag.

Building Community PartnershipsBuilding Community Partnerships

Partnership ObjectivesPartnership Objectives

• Understand the benefits of building police-community partnerships

• Learn the importance of focusing on “conditions”; not assigning blame

• Identify the “communities of interest” for your community issues and obtain strategies for recruiting involvement

• Understand the dynamics of community meetings and how to conduct them

Benefits of Building PartnershipsBenefits of Building Partnerships

• Increase potential for impacting crime, fear of crime, and quality of life issues

• Coordinate and leverage resources from all areas of the community

• Increase trust and understanding

• Strengthen organizational support

• Create a network of assistance

• Use a more strategic approach

Community Involvement PyramidCommunity Involvement Pyramid

• Involvement in decision making

• Information and skills• Access to a variety of

roles• Positive Expectations

Trigger Event Trigger Event

• Community crisis– Injury or death– Natural Disaster– Community Victimization

• A problem is identified– “last straw”– Personal victimization

Video: “High Noon”

CommunitiesCommunities

Geographic• Family• Extended Family• Neighbors• Neighborhood

Associations• Towns and Cities• Tribal Communities

Interest• Common Interests

– Religion– Work– Hobbies– Ethnicity

• Common Concerns– Crime– Fear of Crime– Traffic– Environment

Community of InterestCommunity of Interest

• Citizen

• Police

• Government

Who should we involve? Who should we involve?

• Who’s causing/enabling the condition /problem?

• Who are the victims of the condition /problem?

• Who has the authority and/or the ability to affect the condition /problem?

(Consider government, citizens, and law enforcement in each question)

• Agree on some operational ground rules• Take small steps • Maintain communication with all members in

the group, not just its leaders • Regularly assess the purpose of the group

and its goals • Make sure to serve everyone’s concerns • Do not allow “factions” to develop and

separate the group• Distribute duties and power throughout• Enjoy the process

Maintaining RelationshipsMaintaining Relationships

• Definition...an active, assertive process of creating conditions and personal attributes that promote the well-being of people and communities

– William Lofquist, The Technology of Prevention

PreventionPrevention

The Harvey StoryThe Harvey Story

Players (in order of appearance):

Harvey

Father

Mother

Police Officer

Judge

Probation Officer

House Parent

Bill

Benefits of Focusing on ConditionsBenefits of Focusing on Conditions

• Allows joint ownership and joint participation in problem solving.

• Enables the development of clear goals and specific strategies for planned change.

• Helps to identify the realities involved in a problem situation.

• Has potential to benefit all who are affected by the conditions.

• Has potential for expanded success through problem solving.

Next StepsNext Steps

• Formalize a community policing action committee (police, government, community)

• Learn together...and train others

• Identify a community problem on which to work

• Advertise for involvement• Network and partnership• Take small steps

Celebrating SuccessCelebrating Success

• Award/encourage each other for individual tasks completed– Sponsor a luncheon– Award certificates (formal or funny)

• Hold an event related to your accomplishment– A picnic in a park that you reclaimed– A street party on a street where you eliminated

abandoned vehicles– A night walk in an area which used to feel unsafe

• Advertise !!

PROBLEM SOLVINGPROBLEM SOLVING

PROBLEM SOLVING - activityPROBLEM SOLVING - activity

The Problem:

“You have been advised by the chief that there have been an increased number of thefts, burglaries, and solicitation being reported. Local business have been calling and complaining that the police have not been doing enough to address the problem. The Tribune Herald has called and is interested in covering this story.”

PROBLEM SOLVING - activityPROBLEM SOLVING - activity

• What?• So What?• Now What?

Problem Solving - ObjectivesProblem Solving - Objectives

• To be able to recognize a “problem”• Clarify the problem solving process and how it

might help to reduce crime, fear of crime, and quality of life issues

• To gain practical experience with the SARA problem solving model

• Understand the crime triangle as a scanning and analysis tool

• Promote partnerships between stakeholders

Problem SolvingProblem Solving

– Understand the problem/issue– Assess Resources– Explore possible

solutions/strategies– Select and implement a

solution/strategy– Evaluate the impact

Problem Solving - situationProblem Solving - situation

• You are out on a picnic and it starts to rain

• Beer bottles are littering the local park

• You receive a call for help regarding a domestic squabble

Problem Solving ModelsProblem Solving Models

SARA• Scanning

• Analysis

• Response

• Assessment

Six Step Method– Problem

Identification– Asset Mapping

– Underlying Conditions

– Planning– Implementation

– Evaluation

The Problem-Solving Process(SARA)


A guide, not a procedure

Scanning

Analysis

Response

Assessment



Scanning

Analysis

Response

Assessment

Problem IdentificationProblem Identification

• Build a service (Level 1 Prevention)• Address a recurring problem (Level 2 Prevention)• Increase community awareness (Level 1

or 2 Prevention)• Other?

Scanning - What is your Problem?Scanning - What is your Problem?

• Working in your groups discuss the problem you will use to work through the SARA model

• Keep your problems manageable and focused

• Write out your problem in a one/two sentence statement

• Share your problem statement with the class

ScanningScanning

Definition

– Two or more incidents

– Direct harm to public– Public Expectations– Does it affect the

safety, livability, or quality of life?

Problems can be

– Crime related– Order maintenance

related– Traffic related– Disaster and

Emergency service delivery

SCANNING– “Learning About the Problem”SCANNING– “Learning About the Problem”

• Strategies for information– Personal

observations– Talking and listening

to officers– Reviewing all reports– Newspapers– Interview people

• Ask simple questions– What is occurring– Who does it affect?– When is it

occurring?– Where is it

occurring?– How is it impacting

the community?

Scanning – Information Resources Scanning – Information Resources

Police Department– Crime Analysis– Records– Crime Prevention– Communications– Other Law

Enforcement agencies

– Investigative Division

– Others…

In the Community– Neighborhood

Residents– Elected Officials– Schools– Non-profits– Media– Business Groups– Community Groups– Civic Groups– Community Surveys

Goal: Learning about the problem, to understand underlying conditions creating the problem.

Analysis

– What do you need to know to solve the problem?

– Look carefully at:• Actors (Victims, Offenders, Others)• Incidents (Behaviors, Times, Locations)• Responses (What has been tried?)

Fire Triangle

FUEL

HEAT

OXYGEN

All three must be present

The Crime Triangle

or ProblemLOCATION OFFENDER

(All 3 must be present.)

VICTIM

Crime

Identifying Stakeholders

Identify Stakeholders - Who is affected by this problem?

Victims Suspects Locations

Third Party Stakeholders

Analysis (Investigation)Analysis (Investigation)

ANALYSIS

Determine the questions you have for each individual or group that is affected by this problem. What specific source would you go to for the answer? Gather information to answer your questions.

QUESTIONS ANSWERS

Analysis – Identifying PatternsAnalysis – Identifying Patterns

What is similar about the event?

– What are the patterns in the time the events occur?

– What do the locations have in common?– What common activity surrounds the events?– What characteristics do the suspects share?– What do the victims have in common?– What do these patterns suggest about the

problem?

Why?Why?Why?Why?Why?

Analysis – Birds are making a mess of the Lincoln Memorial

Has your problem changed - What do I fix?

After the ANALYSIS, go back to SCANNING. What is the problem?

Based upon your ANALYSIS, describe what the problem is now:

Setting Goals – Desired Outcome

RESPONSES

ESTABLISH GOALS OF PROBLEM SOLVING EFFORTS

What are you trying to accomplish, based on your NEW understanding of the problem?

Short Term:

Long Term:

Responses – How do I fix it?

RESPONSES - Action Plan

PLANNING AND COORDINATING STRATEGIES

What strategies are you going to apply to solve this problem?

What resources are needed? Who will implement your strategies (partnerships)?

STRATEGIES RESOURCES / PARTNERSHIPS

Responses – Planning for Action

• The strategy chosen must go beyond the incident and address the underlying problem• Don’t wait for the “perfect” solution• The solution should be aimed at:

• Providing a livability improvement for the residents of the community

• Reducing police workload

Coordinated Response – 3 E’s

Problemor

Crime

VICTIM

EDUCATION

ENGINEERING

ENFORCEMENT

The Crime Triangle

or Problem OFFENDER

Eliminate at least TWO SIDES

VICTIM

Crime

AssessmentAssessment

Goal: Measure the impact of response on problem

1. Why do you think this step is important?

2. It can answer the question, “Did we solve the problem?”

3. How do you know?

4. Was the process effective?

Five Measures of SuccessFive Measures of Success

1. Totally eliminate the problem.

2. Substantially reduce the problem.

3. Reduce harm or fear associated with problem.

4. Improve police response to the problem.

5. Redefine problem responsibility.

Assessment –Did I fix it?Assessment –Did I fix it?

ASSESSMENT

How can you assess the effectiveness of your problem solving effort? Did you:1) Eliminate the problem? 2) Reduce the problem? 3) Reduce the harm or fear associated with the problem? 4) Improve a response to the problem? 5) Redefine the responsibility for the problem?What specific measures did you use to know that you have achieved your goals?

Next Steps:Next Steps:

• Celebrate your successes• Acknowledge your mistakes• If it did not work do SARA again or try another model• Write new action steps• Make new assignments• If successful take on something else

AssessmentAssessment

What have/are you doing to ensure that the problem does not return?

Maintenance –Will it come back?Maintenance –Will it come back?

MAINTENANCE

What are you doing to ensure the problem does not return? How will you monitor the problem? How can we strive for continuous improvement?

Group Presentation OutlineGroup Presentation Outline

Step One: Our group’s ideasStep Two: Our resources/partnershipsStep Three: What we still need to knowStep Four: Our solution – Action Planning

• What specifically will we do?• How will our plan operate?• Who will help?• Do we have community buy-in?

• What are the possible consequences?

Documents

1 Policing In Your Community: “A Community Policing Approach” Honolulu Police Department Train the Trainer - 2011