1

Physics and Detector Studies in Japan

Akiya MiyamotoKEK

ILC Korea meeting @ PAL17 February 2006

2

Physics Scenario at ILC

3

Vertexing ~1/5 rbeampipe,~1/30 pixel size (wrt LHC)

Tracking ~1/6 material, ~1/10 resolution (wrt LHC)

Jet energy (Higgs self-coupling, W/Z sep. in SUSY study) ~1/2 resolution (wrt LHC)

3/ 25 10 / sinip m m p

5(1/ ) 5 10 / GeVp

/ 0.3 / ( )GeVE E E

(http://blueox.uoregon.edu/~lc/randd.pdf)

(h bb ,cc , )

(ee Zh X; incl. h nothing)

Or better

ILC Detector Performance Goals

4

Detector for ILC experiments

Good jet energy resolution calorimeter inside a coil highly segmented calorimeter

Efficient & High purity b/c tagging Thin VTX, put close to the IP Strong solenoid field Pixel type

High momentum resolution

Hermetic down to O(10)mrad

Shielded enough against beam-related background

Detector design Philosophy

Muon detector

Calorimeter

Tracker Vertexdetector

Coil

5

Concepts - Technologies

6

GLD Concept Pixel vertex detector + Si tracker, self-tracking capable Large gaseous central Time Projection Chamber (TPC) Large radius, “Medium/High” granularity ECAL: W-Scitillator “Medium/High” granuality HCAL: Pb-Scintillator inside 3T solenoid

7

Comparison to other concepts

GLD: Large ECAL radius good for better jet energy resolution

GLDLDCSiD

8

Our Activities

Concept Study GLD : as an inter-regional team DOD Home page: http://ilcphys.kek.jp/gld/

Software studies Simulation and Reconstruction based on full simulation

Vertex Detector

TPC

Calorimeter

Some topics of recent activities will be presentedApologies for not covering all

9

Software activities

Development of tools and studies based on them Geant4 based full simulator, Jupiter and analysis tools, Satellites Study items

Particle Flow Analysis– By cheated method– By realistic method– Performance comparison: digital vs analog, tile size, etc.– Better understanding of hadron shower programs

Tracking– Khalman track fitter for TPC/IT/VTX– Track reconstruction

Backgrounds in tracker Physics performances

They will be described in the GLD DOD in detail

10

Detector GeometryFull One Tower　 EM + HD

27 X0

6.1λ

New Geometry in Jupiter(Feb, 2006)

in Dec. 2005

11

Perfect PFA

Perfect track-calorimeter matching based on Monte Calor Info. Shower fluctuation, particle interactions with material fully simulated

Identify terms contributing to the resolution to design the best detector

including a best kink track treatment: improves kink ~ 1.3 GeV

u,d,s quark pairEvents at Z pole

12

PFA : error source

Contribution to Jet Energy Resolution

Neutrino 0.30 GeV5mrad cut 0.62Low Pt track 0.83 TPC Resol. 0EM Cal Resol. 1.36HD Cal Resol. 1.70Total 2.48

Effect of Pt cut

Important to measure low Pt track for the best energy resolution !

B=6T

13

e+

e-

Realistic PFA Critical part to complete detector design

Large R & medium granularity vs small R & fine granularity Large R & medium B vs small R & high B Importance of HD Cal resolution vs granuality …

Algorithm developed in GLD: Consists of several steps MIP finding Gamma Finding Small-clustering Cluster-track matching Neutral hadron clustering

Red : pionYellow :gammaBlue : neutron

14

PFA performance so far

Z-pole events Further improvement nece

ssary to Achieve 30%/Sqrt(E) Similar resol.

At higher energy Optimize detector w.r.t

jet energy resolution

15

Higgs Study

e+e- ZH 4-jet or 2-jet + missing : Studied assuming the cheated PFA performance, using QuickSim Study assuming the realistic PFA performance is in progress Other channels such as ZHH or SUSY processes need to be studied

16

Higgs mass : if Mh=120GeV; ,e e X e

Incl. beamstrahlung350GeV, nominal(Mh)~109MeV

Incl. beamstrahlung350GeV, high-lum(Mh)~164MeV

Incl. beamstrahlung250GeV, nominal(Mh)~27MeV

E/E(beam)~0.1%Differential Luminosity(500GeV)

min/ no als s

17

Forward Region for SUSY Study

BCAL : Total Z length 20 cm 30 layers of 3mm thick Tungsten

+ 0.3mm thick Si. + Air gap

FCAL Front and Tail: 30 layers of 3mm Thick Tungsten + 0.3mm thick Si + Air gap

HDCAL

QC1

MUD

CH2 Mask TPC

EMCAL FCAL

BCAL

Response to 10GeV e+

18

BackgroundLow energy e+e- pair background in BCAL region.

Simulated using CAIN data, 500 GeV, Nominal parameter~1/65 bunch of pair backgrounds are simulated

BCAL FCAL

e+/e- tagging in the forward region ? Needs serious study for SUSY physics

19

VTX R&D in Japan

Challenge of ILC Vertex detector To achieve performance goal, vertex detector has to

Thin(< 100mt si/layer) pixel device, pt < 5m, # layer > 3 Bunch spacing, ~300nsec, is too short to readout O(1) Giga pixels,

but occupancy is too high if accumulate 3000 bunches of data with a standard pixel size of ~ 20x20m2.

No proven technology exist yet. Candidates are, Readout during train

CPCCD, MAPS, DEPFET, … Local signal storage, and readout between train

ISIS, CAP, FAPS, … Fine Pixel, readout between train

FPCCD (5x5m2 pixel CCD) In Japan, we (KEK-Tohoku-Niigata collaboration) are proposing Vertex Detector us

ing Fine Pixel CCD (FPCCD) We believe FPCCD is the most feasible option among the proposed technologies

20

FPCCD Chip

5m pixels, to reduce occupancy Promising, because Fine pixel CCD device exists already for optical applicatio

ns Fully depleted epitaxial layer to suppress charge spread by diffusion Multi-port readout with moderate (~ 15MHz) readout Low temperature operation to keep dark current negligible for 200msec re

adout cycle.

21

FPCCD Vertex Detector

Baseline design for GLD

2 layers Super Layer, 3 super layers in totalminimize the wrong-tracking probability due to multiple scattering

6 layers for self-tracking capability Cluster shape analysis can help background rejection

22

Background rejection by cluster shape

22 )()( SigBGSigBG WWWZWZdW

WZSig, WSig: Expected width

A big advantage of Fine Pixel Sensors

23

B.G. rejection by cluster shape

R=20 mm Cut at dW=10 m

Z (mm)Z (mm)

All

dW<10m

Rat

io

1/20

24

Status of sensor R&D Fully depleted CCD for astrophysics by Hamamatsu

24 m, 12 m pixel size: Available now We will test them soon : Charge spread, Lorentz angle

5 – 9 m pixel size: Under development Will be available in 0.5 – 1 year

Custom fully depleted FPCCD for VTX High speed (~15MHz) Multi-port readout We wish to start in 2006

25

Challenge of TPC technology

Principle of TPC

Pad Plane

.. .......

Bz

E

CentralMembrane

Drift Time Z positionPosition at Pad plane

rposition

Challenges To achieve r<150m after long drif

t of > 2m MWPC MPGD readout

R&D issues Gas amplification in MPGD : GEM, Mi

croMegas Properties of chamber gas:

drift velocity, diffusion Ion feedback control

26

TPC R&D

A series of beam tests has been done at KEK PS, to study performances Of TPC using readouts of MWPC, GEM, and MicroMegas

27

Beamtest setup

KEK PI2 beamline

Beam

MPI Field Cage26cmL

Readout Pad10cmx10cmFor MWPC, GEM, MicroMegas

1T Magnet86cm, 1mL

28

MWPC vs GEM

29

B Field Dependance

Bfield improves spatial resolution significantly.

For long drift, diffusion term dominates the spatial resolution.

Calculated results of CD are more or less consistent with test results. probably OK to extrapolate to 3~4T need to be confirmed by future tests with large B field and long drift.

ILCTarget

Data

zNDXX eff22

02 /

m53129

cmm/7.94.38/

0

eff

X

ND

12/ mm3.2

Comparison with Numerical Calculation

Neumerical Calculation (by K. Fujii) MicroMEGAS Pad : 2.3 mm Diffusion Constnat : 469, 285 and 193 for B = 0, 0.5 and 1.0 T Neff = 27.5 f : function

Data: MicroMEGAS B = 1 TGas: Ar-isobutane (5%)Pad: 2.3 mm Pads

pad-pitch dominant region asymptotic regiondiffusion dominant

cmm/

31

Resistive Anode or Digital

Resolution with short drift length is dominated by Readout pad pitch Width of induced charge on pad plan

e.

To increase pad picth Digital TPC : O(100m) pad size

and readout Future possibility Increase signal width

Resistive anode pad readout, but two track separation might be scarified

KEK Beamtest : MicroMegas TPC and a registive anode readout

32

Plan of TPC R&D

Study properties of MPGD, GEM and MicroMegas, and gas amplification mechanism well Simulation/ test bench studies

Study chamber gas properties and amplification in MPGD Drift velocity, diffusion constants, … For ILC application, gas with no H is preferred to reduce effects of neutro

ns background. Positive ion feed back has to be reduced sufficiently

Study properties of MPGD with large prototype EUDET

Design and develop a large TPC system with electronics.

33

Calorimeter

Design goals Fine granularity, O(1) cm, for the best track-cluster matching

Crucial for best jet energy resolution Hermetic down to O(10)mrad Elemag and hadron calorimeters are both inside Coil

Challenge: Achieve sufficient granularity with a reasonable cost Optimize configuration to satisfy design goals. Develop best PFA. Hardware configuration best meats PFA algorithm

Our choice: Scintillator based calorimeter

34

Calorimeter Configuration

EM Configuration : Tungsten-Scintillator Strip Large inner radius Small Moliere radius Fine Granuarity

Distance of from 0 at r=210cm

O(1) cm segmentation is necessary

HD CAL: Lead-Scinti. Sandwitch Active Sensor:

Strip/Tile combination

35

GLD CAL Configuration

12 sided shape:

EM CAL

HD CAL

Readout cable goes between HD CAL module to minimize dead space in EM

36

Photon Sensor R&D

Merits of Silicon Photon Pixel Sensor Work in Magnetic Field Very compact and can directly mount on the

fiber High gain (~106) with a low bias voltage

(25~80V) Photon counting capability

SiPM case:

O(100) pixels,Each pixel is inGeiger mode.# hit pixel = # input lights

~1cm

37

>2000 pix For GLD

38

Status and Plans on Calorimeters

ECAL large prototype in progress Sci-strip type

HCAL large prototype needs funding!

SiPM/MPPC promissing and testing in progress

More PFA study painfully needed Optimization for high-energy jets (granularity) Scintillator strip design works?

39

(2005 end) Acc. BaselineConfiguration Document (BCD)

Detector R&D report

(2006,3) “Detector outline documents” (one for each detector concept)

(2006 end) Acc. Reference Design Report (RDR)

Detector Concept Report (DCR : one document)

(~2008) LC site EOI Collaborations form

~Site selection + 1yr Global lab selects experiments.

Accelerator Detector

Detector Timeline

By H.Yamamoto

40

Summary

Detector Outline Document will be released soon. But there are many issues yet to be studied. Detector Concept Study will continue further towards DCR.

Studies of detector technologies are in progress for Vertex Detector, TPC, and Calorimeter. In all items, regional and inter-regional cooperation will be strengthened towards detector LOI/TDR in several years: Japan-Korea joint studies on Calorimeter EUDET: TPC and Calorimeter Calorimeter beam tests in FNAL with CALICE … more

Detector R&D needs more funding

41

Backup slides

42

More missing items

Muon system is probably easy in concept but difficult in practice (large system - support, etc.) - Missing R&D item!

Solenoid and compensation coil (DID - for large xing angle) : non-trivial problem to realize, and DID is a problem to solve for trackers and bkg.

Forward regions (endcap regions) are important for t-channel productions such as

Very forward regions (FCAL, BCAL) are critical for tagging electrons for SUSY pair creations : recently attacked by Korean groups (thanks!)

With the long train, DAQ is not a trivial problem (now P. LeDu alone for GLD)

Needs more people for beam background simulations

ee h

43

44

Beam tests are crucial

Cal. Performance depends on cut values.

Reported to be solved in the latest Geant4 release (8.0)

Beam test and hadron shower simulation is not consistent. Can we use it for the design of highly segmented calorimeter ? Future beam test.

45

Detector R&D plan

2006 : DOD 2006-2008 : Detector R&D

Budget : in Japan – applying several resources to get fund 4~5 year terms If founded, complete detector R&D -> to prepare detector TDR

In 2006, ACFA workshop ? Detector workshop ? Needs good organization …

46

Coverage in Forward region

Crucial for stau search to reduce backgrounds due to two-photon process

Response to 10 GeV e+

No-crack now, BUT

Dead spaces has to take into account more seriously

Can we detect even in huge beam-beam background ?

cos

EMCAL FCAL BCAL