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IRF Andean Highway Congress. August 20-22, 2012. Lima, Peru

DESIGNING SAFER ROADS FOR ALL ROAD USERS

Mike Dreznes, Executive Vice President IRF Washington

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The InternationalRoadFederation

A nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization

with the mission to encourage and promote

development and maintenance of better, safer

and more sustainable roads and road networks

www.irfnews.org

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The mission of the IRF is to use technology transfer

to ensure best practices and state of the art

technologies from around the globe are used to

build better roads in every country in the world

www.irfnews.org

The InternationalRoadFederation

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CARLOS ELIAS Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1988

FERNANDO PADRN B Ohio State University 1957

Rolando F PAZ Ohio State University 1962

FRED ROMANI Purdue University 1964

Hector ROZAS F Ohio State University 1973

Luis VERA BARANDIARAN Purdue University 1959

Carlos Chang-Albitres Texas A&M University 1997

Edgar Barriga Calle Ohio State University 1965

Felix CEBRECOS REVILLA Ohio State University 1985

Efrain Serrudo Valdez De Peralta Ohio State University 1956

FERNANDO GALUP University of Maryland 1995

Alan R MARTINOT OLIART University of Texas - Austin 1999

ALFREDO SARAVIA Northwestern University 1971

Jos Luis CANO Ohio State University 1951

Augusto Del Valle L Purdue University 1956

Eduardo Gandolfo G Purdue University 1983

Ricardo Gandolfo Suito Yale University 1949

Aurea Lopez Jara Purdue University 2003

Eliana VIVAR DEL PILAR Purdue University 2002

Edgar Miguel Barriga Ohio State University 2000

Juan Pablo VSQUEZ Purdue University 1990

IRF FELLOWS FROM PERU

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Thank you to

IIRSANorte/IIRSA

Sur for yourkind

contribution to

the IRF Fellows

Educational

Foundation

http://www.iirsa.org/index.asp?CodIdioma=ESPhttp://es.iirsanorte.com.pe/

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Who is a Vulnerable

Road User (VRU)?

Someone with little or no external protection,

or has reduced task capabilities, or reduced

stamina/physical capabilities

Pedestrians

Motorcyclists

Bicyclists Transit users

Others

Vulnerable =capable of or

susceptible to beingwounded or hurt

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Who is a Vulnerable

Road User (VRU)?

Many definitions for Vulnerable Road Users

do not include Motorcyclists. For the purpose

of this training, Motorcyclists will be included

in the definition of Vulnerable Road Users

Motorcyclists need to be considered as their

own safety category

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Who Wins this Battle?

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Can we DESIGN for ALL

users all the time?

NO!

But we can

CONSIDER theirneeds

all the time!

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The Problem

In many countries, high volumes of

pedestrians, cyclists and other VRU have little

choice but to travel along roads in close

proximity to fast vehicles

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The Problem

In many countries, high volumes of

pedestrians, cyclists and other VRU have little

choice but to travel along roads in close

proximity to fast vehicles

As a consequence, many VRU are put in a

high risk situation, which inevitably leads to

large numbers of VRU crashes

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The Problem

Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to

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The Problem

Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to

High speed of motor vehicles

Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads

Poor visibility at night,

Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless drivers and pedestrians

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The Problem

Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to

High speed of motor vehicles

Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads

Poor visibility at night,

Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless drivers and pedestrians

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The Problem

Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to

High speed of motor vehicles

Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads

Poor visibility at night

Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless drivers and pedestrians

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0-35

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0-36

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0-37

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The Problem

Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to

High speed of motor vehicles

Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads

Poor visibility at night

Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless drivers and pedestrians

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The Problem

Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to

High speed of motor vehicles

Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoringtheir rights to cross streets and roads

Poor visibility at night

Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless (BAD) drivers and pedestrians

Careless drivers and pedestrians

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0-40

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The Problem

Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to

High speed of motor vehicles

Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoring

their rights to cross streets and roads

Poor visibility at night

Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless (BAD) drivers and pedestrians

Distracted drivers

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Count how many times

the players wearing

white pass the ball

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The Problem

Pedestrians are the major victims of crashes due to

High speed of motor vehicles

Drivers not seeing pedestrians or ignoring

their rights to cross streets and roads

Poor visibility at night

Drunk drivers and pedestrians Careless (BAD) drivers and pedestrians

Distracted drivers

Distracted pedestrians

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The Problem

Pedestrian crossings are not respected

Signs are stolen

Zebra stripes wear out without beingrepainted

Street vendors occupy sidewalks, forcing

pedestrians into the streets Vendors coming onto the streets to sell goods

to cars stopped for red lights

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Safer Roads Contribution

Deliver 1/3rd global target?

iRAPs contribution

Focus on risky roads where

deaths concentrated Help build safety into new

road and rehabilitationplans

Help evidence based policy Speed management

Project management

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0-51

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0-52

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0-54

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0-55

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The Problem

Pedestrian crossings are not respected

Signs are stolen

Zebra stripes wear out without beingrepainted

Street vendors occupy sidewalks, forcing

pedestrians into the streets Vendors coming onto the streets to sell goods

to cars stopped for red lights

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Mixed Traffic

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The Problem

Pedestrian crossings are not respected

Signs are stolen

Zebra stripes wear out without beingrepainted

Street vendors occupy sidewalks, forcing

pedestrians into the streets Vendors coming onto the streets to sell goods

to cars stopped for red lights

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The Problem

Traffic surveys, which form the basis of

highway improvement schemes in developing

countries, rarely includes counts of

pedestrian and other VRU

Planners and engineers are not incorporating

measures for these VRU

Poor vehicle maintenance or the condition and

skill of the drivers

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The Problem

Traffic surveys, which form the basis of

highway improvement schemes in developing

countries, rarely includes counts of

pedestrian and other VRU

Planners and engineers are not incorporating

measures for these VRU

Poor vehicle maintenance or the condition and

skill of the drivers

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The Problem

Traffic surveys, which form the basis of

highway improvement schemes in developing

countries, rarely includes counts of

pedestrian and other VRU

Planners and engineers are not incorporating

measures for these VRU

Poor vehicle maintenance or the condition

and skill of the drivers

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VRU Crashes Issues

Injuries tend to be more

severe, often fatal

Issue is large-scale,

underestimated & growing

Responsibility for safe

mobility of VRU mainly

rests with others: VRUs

cause little danger to

others but run serious risks

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VRU Crashes Issues

Injuries tend to be more

severe, often fatal

Issue is large-scale,

underestimated & growing

Responsibility for safe

mobility of VRU mainly

rests with others: VRUs

cause little danger to

others but run serious risks

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VRU Crashes Issues

Injuries tend to be more

severe, often fatal

Issue is large-scale,

underestimated & growing

Responsibility for safe

mobility of VRU mainly

rests with others: VRUs

cause little danger to

others but run serious risks

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What is the Approach?

Recognize the problem

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What is the Approach?

Recognize the problem

Commit to solve it

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What is the Approach?

Recognize the problem

Commit to solve it

Attack it systematically

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What is the Approach?

Recognize the problem

Commit to solve it

Attack it systematically Evaluate results

This presentation

discusses theseconcepts!

Common Issues with Urban

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Common Issues with Urban

Transport in Most Developing Countries

The majority of urban trips are still by

walking

There is little or no coordination amongst the

different modes of transport

The small-scale private sector is the major

supplier of urban transport services and is

under-capitalized and fragmented

Common Issues with Urban

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Common Issues with Urban

Transport in Most Developing Countries

The majority of urban trips are still by

walking

There is little or no coordination amongst the

different modes of transport

The small-scale private sector is the major

supplier of urban transport services and is

under-capitalized and fragmented

Common Issues with Urban

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Common Issues with Urban

Transport in Most Developing Countries

The majority of urban trips are still by

walking

There is little or no coordination amongst the

different modes of transport

The small-scale private sector is often the

major supplier of urban transport services

and is under-capitalized and fragmented

Common Issues with Urban

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The regulatory system

governing public transport

is inadequate and

ineffective meeting the

demand

Traffic accident rates are

quite high

Roads are in poor condition

Common Issues with Urban

Transport in Most Developing Countries

Common Issues with Urban

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The regulatory system

governing public transport

is inadequate and

ineffective meeting the

demand

Traffic accident rates are

quite high

Roads are in poor condition

Common Issues with Urban

Transport in Most Developing Countries

Common Issues with Urban

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The regulatory system

governing public transport

is inadequate and

ineffective meeting the

demand

Traffic accident rates are

quite high

Roads are in poor

condition

Common Issues with Urban

Transport in Most Developing Countries

Common Issues with Urban

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The skill levels of planning

and regulatory personnel

are inadequate or

nonexistent

Low/poor enforcement of

traffic laws due to

corruption and inadequatehuman and financial

resources

Common Issues with Urban

Transport in Most Developing Countries

Common Issues with Urban

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The skill levels of planning

and regulatory personnel

are inadequate or

nonexistent

Low/poor enforcement of

traffic laws due to

corruption and inadequatehuman and financial

resources

Common Issues with Urban

Transport in Most Developing Countries

Common Issues with Urban

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Transport in Many Developing Countries

Traffic conditions are

chaotic

Uncontrolledparking

Street vendors

Common Issues with Urban

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Transport in Many Developing Countries

Traffic conditions are

chaotic

Uncontrolled parking

Street vendors

P d t i C fli t

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Pedestrian Conflicts

Common Issues with Urban

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Transport in Many Developing Countries

Traffic conditions are

chaotic

Uncontrolled parking

Street vendors

These issues represent a

challenge to the safety of VRU

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0-94

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d i

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Pedestrians

i li

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Bicyclists

li

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Motorcyclists

P bli T it (PT) U

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Public Transit (PT) Users

Oth

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Others

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Pedestrians

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Pedestrians

P d t i A Di

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Pedestrians Are Diverse

Able-bodied

Children

Pedestrians Are Diverse

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Pedestrians Are Diverse

Physically Challenged

P d t i C fli t

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Pedestrian Conflicts

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Pedestrian Accidents

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in Developing Countries

All too common

Frequency growing

rapidly

or road fatalities

Pedestrian Accidents

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in Developing Countries

All too common

Frequency growing

rapidly

Account for up to 50% of

road fatalities in some

countries

Between 1968 and 1998 road

fatalities in some countries increased by 400%

Lack of Pedestrian Facilities

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Create Safety Challenges

Disorganization Obstructing

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Dedicated Walkways & Cycling Tracks

Walking: The Predominant Mode

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Walking: The Predominant Mode

50 percent of all daily trips

Yet segregated facilities are lacking

Cycling is not common in some countries

Continuous routes for cycling or walking are

absent

Walking: The Predominant Mode

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Walking: The Predominant Mode

50 percent of all daily trips

Yet segregated facilities are lacking

Cycling is not common in some countries

Continuous routes for cycling or walking are

absent

Walking: The Predominant Mode

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Walking: The Predominant Mode

When they are

present, footpaths

and bicycle lanes

often are

obstructed or

occupied illegally

by parked cars, and

both legal and

illegal kiosks

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What is Infrastructure Safety

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Management (ISM)?

A systematic approach to improve road

safety by:

Applying PREVENTIVE strategies

Applying REACTIVE strategies

Integrating safety in all phases of

planning, design and operation of road

infrastructure

Infrastructure Safety

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Road SafetyImpact

Assessment

(RIA)

ManagementRoad Safety

Audit

(RSA)

Road SafetyInspection

(RSI)

Black SpotManagement

(BSM)

NetworkSafety

Management

(NSM)

PREVENTIVE

STRATEGIES

REACTIVE

STRATEGIES

New Schemes Existing Roads

Infrastructure Safety

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Management

New

Road?

Road Safety

Audit

Yes No

Crash

Data?

Road Safety

Inspection

No

Black Spot Management

Network Safety Management

Yes

Road Safety

Manuals

Road SafetyAudit

Guidelines

Road Safety

Inspection

Guidelines

Infrastructure Safety

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f f y

Management

Strategy Advantages Disadvantages

Preventive Before the crash

Lives are saved

Hard to justify

funding: no perceivedproblem

Reactive The problem isdocumented

Requires crash dataToo late for thedead/injured

1 Preventive Strategies

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1. Preventive Strategies

RoadSafetyInspec-

tion

RoadSafetyAudit

RoadSafetyImpactAssess-ment

1 Preventive Strategies

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1. Preventive Strategies

RoadSafetyImpactAssess-ment

Road Safety Impact Assessment

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Road Safety Impact Assessment

Identifies the likely effectsof proposed roads or policy

actions on safety

Road Safety Impact Assessment

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Road Safety Impact Assessment

Identifies the likely effectsof proposed roads or policy

actions on safety

Covers the whole roadnetwork

Road Safety Impact Assessment

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Road Safety Impact Assessment

Identifies the likely effectsof proposed roads or policy

actions on safety

Covers the whole roadnetwork

Assesses the impact of

plans with a wider scope:Road Safety Master Plan

1 Preventive Strategies

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1. Preventive Strategies

RoadSafetyAudit

RoadSafetyImpactAssess-ment

Road Safety Audits

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Look beyond compliance

with design standards

Road Safety Audits

Road Safety Audits

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Road Safety Audits

Look beyond compliance

with design standards

A team of safety experts

checks for any possibleimprovements

Road Safety Audits

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Road Safety Audits

Look beyond compliance

with design standards

A team of safety experts

checks for any possibleimprovements

Designs can be modified

before construction

1 Preventive Strategies

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1. Preventive Strategies

RoadSafetyInspec-

tion

RoadSafetyAudit

RoadSafetyImpactAssess-ment

Road Safety Inspections

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Road Safety Inspections

Systematic

assessment of an

existing road with

respect to safetyfeatures

Road Safety Inspections

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Road Safety Inspections

Systematic

assessment of an

existing road with

respect to safetyfeatures

Identifies hazards &

suggests remedialmeasures

2. Reactive Strategies

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2. Reactive Strategies

NetworkSafety

Manage-ment

BlackSpot

Manage-ment

2. Reactive Strategies

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2. Reactive Strategies

BlackSpot

Manage-ment

Black Spot Management

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p g

Any location that has a higher expectednumber of crashes than other similar

locations as a result of local risk factors

Black Spot Management

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p g

Any location that has a higher expectednumber of crashes than other similar

locations as a result of local risk factors

Crashes are analyzed to find patterns andcontributing factors

Black Spot Management

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p g

Any location that has a higher expectednumber of crashes than other similar

locations as a result of local risk factors

Crashes are analyzed to find patterns andcontributing factors

Countermeasures are implemented and

effects are evaluated

Black Spot Management

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Any location that has a higher expectednumber of crashes than other similar

locations as a result of local risk factors

Crashes are analyzed to find patterns andcontributing factors

Countermeasures are implemented and

effects are evaluated

Before and after analysis

Black Spot Map

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Black Spot Map

2. Reactive Strategies

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NetworkSafety

Manage-ment

BlackSpot

Manage-ment

eac e S a eg es

Network Safety Management

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f y g

A modern replacement to traditional BSM

Network Safety Management

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A modern replacement to traditional BSM

Identification and treatment of hazardous

road sections: any section 2-10 km that has a

higher number of crashes than similar roadsections

Network Safety Management

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A modern replacement to traditional BSM

Identification and treatment of hazardous

road sections: any section 2-10 km that has a

higher number of crashes than similar roadsections

May require traffic data

From Black Spot Management (BSM) to

Network Safety Management (NSM)

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Network Safety Management (NSM)

TRADITIONAL

APPROACH

RECOMMENDED

APPROACH

Targeting high concentrations

of deaths and injuries

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of deaths and injuries

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Cumulative road length (%)

Cumulativetrafficvolume

orsocial

cost(%)

Traffic volumeSocial cost of crashes

20% of roads account for 79% of traffic

and 87% of social cost of crashes

10% of roads account for 56% of traffic

and 74% of social cost of crashes

Quality Assurance of the

Safety of Infrastructure

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Safety of Infrastructure

Intermediate Outcome Measure for InfrastructureSafety (Safety Rating, iRAP)

Safety Standards & Design Guidelines

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international Road

A P

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Assessment Programme -

iRAP

Photo: Ian Dibsdall

iRAP Inspections

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Drive through inspections

road features recorded

on specialised equipment

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iRAP Inspections

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Drive through inspections

road features recorded on

specialised equipment

Video capture with

road features coded

and analysed later inthe lab

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Steel Longitudinal Barriers

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Crashes that kill

pedestrians and bicyclists

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1-248

pedestrians and bicyclists

Crossing andmoving along roads

We need safe footp aths,safe cros sing s

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iRAP: Inspecting Roads

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30 + attributes important to

safety every 100 km

Independent of crash data

iRAP :Star Rating

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Level of safety built-in to the road

Car occupants Motorcyclists Bicyclists Pedestrians

Risk Mapping

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Reports

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Maps

Different Charts and Tables for different user groups:

overview by region for banks, detail of infrastructure

deficits for a route for local engineers

RPS stars

Total

1234Not rated

Overview

Detailed

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RPS stars

Total

1

2

3

4

Not rated

1 Dangerous

2 Some Hazards

4 Good Safety

3 Marginal Safety

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Summary

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1-264

The InfrastructureSafety Management

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safety ofVulnerableRoad Users!

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