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Ozone Testing on Honey Bee Equipment

By

Elmer James

Martin James

Karla James Shelton

Of

Slide Ridge Honey

Mendon, Utah

June 9, 2008

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Assisted by:

• O3 Company, Aberdeen, Idaho

• USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, Beltsville

• Utah Dept. of Agriculture, Salt Lake City

• USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect Research Unit, Logan, Utah

• Ozone Research Equipment, Akron, Ohio

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Lab Facilities

• Small Test Chamber at Ozone Research Equipment in Akron, Ohio

• Lab Testing at USDA-ARS Beltsville Bee Lab in Beltsville, Maryland.

• Lab Testing at Utah Dept of Agriculture in Salt Lake City, Utah

• Lab Assistance from USDA-ARS Bee Lab in Logan, Utah.

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Full Scale Field Testing

• Ozone room constructed at Slide Ridge Honey in Mendon, Utah

• Size: 20 ft. X 15 ft. X 10 ft.• Large ozone generator unit 2050-088,

double chamber type manufactured by O3 company in Aberdeen, Idaho.

• Monitor with range 0 to 2000 PPM provided by O3 company.

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Ozone Room

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Ozone Room Sealed

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Ozone Generator

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Ozone Generator Inside

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Ozone Monitor

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Ozone Test Start up Number 1Ozone Start-Up Number 1

0

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268.

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285.

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310.

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357.

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367.

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394.

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408.

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536.

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666.

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670.

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672.

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676.

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1278

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1336

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Ozone Test Start up Number 2Ozone Start up number 2

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33.6

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96.0

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360.

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648.

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Ozone Test Start up Number 3Ozone Start up Number 3

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Ozone Test Start up Number 4Ozone Start Up Number 4(End of Batch 301)

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7.000

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35.0

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175.

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254.

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324.

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491.

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645.

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1510

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1539

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Ozone Test Run Number 2Run Number 2 (150 Boxes w/Frames)

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36.6

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130.

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173.

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325.

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529.

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1096

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1140

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Ozone Test Run Number 3Run Number 3 (216 Boxes W/Frames)

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868.

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1144

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1215

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1381

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1606

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1672

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1793

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1949

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2052

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2347

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Ozone Test Run Number 4Test Run Number 4 (221 W/Comb, 127 W/O, 12 Pallets)

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90.6

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244.

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364.

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405.

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1538

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Ozo

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PM

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Part of Ozone Test Run Number 4 (USU Data Logger)

Part of Test Run #4 (USU Data Logger)

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Ozone Test Run Number 5Test Run Number 5 (SRH Data Record)

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Ozone Test Run Number 5 (USU Data Logger Record)

Test Run Number 5 (USU Data Logger)

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Observations

• Pesticides residue destroyed.

• Herbicides residue destroyed.

• Wax moth destroyed, inactive remains.

• Gasoline residue destroyed on outer surface during run #5 on a customer’s Hives.

• Comb readily accepted by Honey Bees.

• Dry Rot fungus may be stopped.

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Observations Con’t.

• Foundation purchased several years ago was never acceptable to our Honey Bees. Now that this foundation has been submitted to Ozone they seem to readily move on to it and start building comb.

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Items not Subdued

• FOULBROOD

• More testing required & with different techniques.

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State of Utah Lab Tests

• 2008-8 Control Sample of Beeswax & Pollen with no Pesticides applied after Ozone treatment.

• 2008-9 Beeswax & Pollen with Fluvalinate applied and then treated with Ozone.

• 2008-10 Beeswax & Pollen with Amitraz applied and then treated with Ozone.

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State of Utah Sample 2008-8

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State of Utah Sample 2008-9

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State of Utah Sample 2008-10

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Wax Moth Damage

• Comb with severe wax moth damage has never been acceptable to our Honey Bees, therefore these frames were disposed of in our operation.

• Same severe damaged comb, Ozone treated, is very acceptable, the bees move right on to it and starting cleaning out the cells for reuse. Refuse dumped on bottom board by the bees, tip hive and scrap out.

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Typical Wax Moth Damage

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Typical Damaged Frame After Ozone Treatment

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Drying out Equipment

• The Ozone process seems to dry out all of the equipment, boxes, frames, comb, pallets, etc.

• O3 CO theorizes that dry air input as the carrier for the Ozone gas is absorbing the moisture from the equipment.

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Room Pressure Exhaust With Charcoal Filter

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Air Circulation In Ozone Room, NO Rubber or Urethane Belts

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Air Circulation in Ozone Room Requires Direct Drive Blower

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Coding of Equipment Processed Through Ozone

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Coded Hive Box & Frames

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Restack Hive Boxes to Allow Better Air Circulation

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Locate Ozone Sensor Near Top of Equipment Being Processed

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Depressurize ducting, route outside of building

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Cost

• Ozone generator $3,000.00 per month lease.

• Electric power $194.94.

• Frames processed 8,880.

• Labor $0.00.

• Cost per brood frame = $0.36 each.

• Not included, improvement to boxes, pallets, lids, etc.

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End Result of Ozone Treated Equipment. (30 Day Nuc)

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Honey Bee Care

• Bees shown in slides have been treated for Mites, Nosema, Foulbrood, and Chalkbrood.

• Their diet has been supplemented with Bee-Pro & other additives.

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Conclusions by Slide Ridge Honey

• All “Dead Out Hives” should be processed in an Ozone Chamber before attempting to raise Honey Bees in them.

• We consider placing Honey Bees in unprocessed “Dead Out Hives”, a waste of time and money.

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Conclusions Continued

• Why does Ozone Treatment Work?

• This was the first full scale Ozone Test under field conditions, and we know a number of items that are being destroyed, however we may have wiped out other detrimental elements that need to be known and requires further Lab Research.

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Comments

• We wish to acknowledge the USU Bee Lab and their staff for coming up with the idea of using Ozone to purify Bee Hives, and now that we have proven that the idea is economically feasible by Bee Keepers at the commercial level, we encourage USU Bee Lab to enlarge this research program at the earliest opportunity.

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Comments Continued

• We believe that with Ozone Processing and proper nutrition, CCD may disappear from the Bee Keeping operation.

• We believe that our two biggest problems in bee keeping are: pesticides/herbicides being returned to the hive & poor honey bee nutrition.

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Factor

• We need for the Lab to establish a factor that relates:Time in Ozone chamber to PPM of Ozone

This would allow us to cut cost on power consumption and/or equipment size.

We are also of the opinion that the Logan Bee Lab is in the best position to conduct this Research.

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Distribution

• USDA-ARS Bee Lab

5310 Old Main Hill

Room 253

Logan, Utah 84322-5310

Dr. Rosalind James

Craig Huntzinger

Ellen Klinger

• State of Utah

Dept. of Agriculture & Food

350 N. Redwood Road

Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-6500

Danielle Downey

Dr. David Clark

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Distribution Con’t.

• Beltsville Bee Lab

Room 211

10300 Baltimore AV.

Building 476 BARC-East

Beltsville, MD 20705

Bart Smith

Jeffery Pettis

• O3 Manufacturing

2775 West 1800 South

Aberdeen, Idaho 83210

Lynn Johnson

208-397-3033

208-220-1288 cell

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Distribution Con’t.

• Ozone Research Equipment Company

221 Beaver Street

Akron, Ohio 44304

Ron Brainard

800-742-8535

• Bee Keepers:

Newswander Brothers Honey

Pendell Apiaries

Homan McMaster Apiaries

Mike Brockman

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Distribution Con’t.

• Suppliers:

Mann Lake Ltd.

Stuart Volby

501 1st. St. South

Hackensack, MN

800-880-7694