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NPOESS Architecture and Program NPOESS Architecture and Program StatusStatus

Building Capacity in our Global Weather

System

Building Capacity in our Global Weather

System Critical inputs to weather forecast Critical inputs to weather forecast

models and global change models and global change monitoringmonitoring

Science-quality, operational data Science-quality, operational data to users and research scientists to users and research scientists

Continuity of climate data recordsContinuity of climate data records

Rapid data delivery 4x faster than Rapid data delivery 4x faster than legacy systems enables quicker legacy systems enables quicker reaction to changing conditionsreaction to changing conditions

10x the data of existing systems10x the data of existing systems Accurate data - better forecastsAccurate data - better forecasts

International collaborationInternational collaboration Contributes to 14 of 26 Essential Contributes to 14 of 26 Essential

Climate VariablesClimate Variables

Environmental Monitoring System in Environmental Monitoring System in Support of Defense and Civil Support of Defense and Civil

ApplicationsApplications

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Weather, Oceanography

Clouds, temperature, wind, precipitation, currents,

tides, land use

Nowcasting, Forecasting

Routine weather, disasters, military ops

NPOESS Environmental Monitoring Regimes

Space Environment

Auroral particles, high energy space radiation

Space Environmental Monitoring

Anomaly resolution, human space flight

safety

Climate Environment

Chemistry, water, land use

Long Term Monitoring Global change

implications

Slide Removed for the Web distribution.Slide Removed for the Web distribution.

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NPOESS System Architecture

NPOESS Mission Data Command & Telemetry NPP Mission Data

•Algorithm Support• Integrated Support Facility•Algorithm Support• Integrated Support Facility

Offline SupportOffline Support•Calibration/Validation•Calibration/Validation

A-DCSA-DCS

NPOESSPreparatoryProject

C21730

GPS TDRSSSupporting Space

White SandsComplex

C11330

TDRSS

NAVO

NESDIS

Command, Control & Communication Segment

Weather / Climate Products

Weather / Climate Products

Field Terminal SegmentTM

Mission DataMission Data

15 Globally Distributed Receptor sitesInterconnected by Commercial Fiber

SpaceSegment

AlternateMMC

FNMOC

AFWA

MissionManagement

Center (MMC)

HRDHRDLRDLRD

EELV

LaunchSupportSegment

LaunchSupportSegment

VAFBVAFB

CLASSCLASS SDSSDS

FNMOCFNMOC AFWAAFWA

Ingest Ingest Ingest

Weather CentralsWeather Centrals

ProcessingProcessing ProcessingProcessing ProcessingProcessing ProcessingProcessing

NAVONAVO

ProcessingProcessing

Ingest

Data DeliveryData Delivery

DataManagement

DataManagement

NESDISNESDIS

DQM

DQM

Data Delivery Data Delivery Data DeliveryData Delivery Data DeliveryData Delivery

Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing Segment

DataManagement

DataManagement

DataManagement

DataManagement

DataManagement

DataManagement

SvalbardPrimary T&C

SARSATSARSAT

NPOESS Program Accomplishments: January – Apr 2009

NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Payloads CrIS: environmental test completed, good performance

results; Tiger Team reviewing impacts of parts issues on a circuit card

VIIRS: proceeding into TVAC testing OMPS: Tiger Team reviewing disposition of screw torque

issue

Ground Successful end-to-end demo at AFWA

Operations Completed NPP Mission Operations Readiness Review

System Engineering Completed Early Engineering Space-to-Ground testing Sensor Performance analysis results - meets or exceeds

KPPs and EDRs

NPOESS

Payloads OMPS F2: nadir spectrometers aligned VIRS F2: procurements in progress CrIS F2: procurements in progress SEM-N: SRR completed to deliver before C1 need date MIS: NRL on contract to deliver before C2 need date ADCS & SARSAT: in production and on track TSIS: sensor on contract with LASP

Ground/Ops Operations & Sustainment Critical Design Audit - cleared to proceed to

NPOESS System Critical Design Review (CDR)

Space Segment Completed Space Segment CDA 23 Feb-6 March as planned at restructure

85 of 85 design reviews completed Delivered Spacecraft Control Processor (SCP)

System Engineering Completed the Operations and Sustainment (O&S) Critical Design Audit (CDA)

OMPS Delivered

IDPS AFWAComplete

NPOESS SBC Eng model delivered

IDPS at NESDIS Complete

CrIS TVAC Complete

VIIRS EMI and Vibe Complete

CERES Delivered

NPOESS Payload Development Status

Cross-track Infrared Sounder

with ATMS provides atmospheric temperature, moisture, and

pressure profiles

• Flight 1 sensor completed environmental and performance testing

• Performance meets or exceeds EDR requirements

• Parts issues at ITT require rework of a single circuit board

• Upcoming: Pre-Ship Review for NPP spacecraft planned for Jul 2009

Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite

provides ozone data

• Flight 1 integrated on NPP spacecraft

Tiger Team reviewing disposition of screw torque issue

Visible/Infrared Imager/ Radiometer Suite

provides 22 EDRs of atmospheric and surface environmental data

• Flight 1 ambient, EMI and vibration testing completed

• Proceeding into TVAC environmental test

• Upcoming: VIIRS F1 in TVAC • Pre-Ship Review scheduled for

this fall

CrIS Instrument (ITT) VIIRS Instrument (Raytheon) OMPS Instrument (Ball)

NPOESS Payload Development Status

Advanced TechnologyMicrowave Sounder

with CrIS provides atmospheric temperature, moisture, and

pressure profiles

• Flight 1 integrated on NPP in 2005

Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy Systemprovides data on incoming and

outgoing radiant energy

• Flight Module 5 integrated on the NPP spacecraft in Nov 08

Total Solar Irradiance Sensor

provides data on the amount of energy emitted by the Sun

incident on Earth

• Approved by EXCOM for C1 satellite on 1 May 2008

• LASP on contract to delivery sensor in June 2012, within C1 need date

ATMS Instrument (NGES) CERES Instrument (NGST) TSIS Instrument (LASP)

NPOESS Payload Development Status

Microwave Imager Sounder

provides soil moisture and sea surface winds

• System Requirements Design Review in May

• Flight 1 Critical Design Review in 2011 with delivery in 2014 providing adequate margin to the C2 satellite need date

Space Environmental Monitor

provides data on charged particles entering the Earth’s

atmosphere

• Systems Requirements

Review successfully completed in Feb 2009

• On track to deliver by June 2012, within C1 need date

MIS Instrument (NRL)

Advanced Data Collection System &

Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking

monitors data from unmanned sites & relays distress signals from mariners and aviators in distress

• SAR Processor unit complete• SAR Receiver unit CDR in

2009• A-DCS 4 PDR completed in

Mar (High heritage from A-DCS 3)

A-DCS (CNES) & SARSAT (DND)

SEM Instrument (JHU/APL)

Special Sensor J5 (SSJ5-N)

Low-energy detector

Energetic Particle Spectrometer (EPS)

Medium-energy detector

High Energy Sensor (HES)

Transmitter Unit (TXU)

Receiver Processing Unit (RPU)

SAR Repeater(DND)

VIIRSCryoradiator

CrIS Cryoradiator

VIIRS & ATMSHeat Rejection System

OMPSFocal PlaneRadiators

+X

+Y

+Z

ADCS Electronics

Receive Antenna

Tx Antennas

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NPOESS improves robustness, accuracy, and timeliness of NPOESS improves robustness, accuracy, and timeliness of delivery of essential weather and climate datadelivery of essential weather and climate data

Data Delivery

DMSP/POESNPP

NPOESS

100 – 150 minutes

140 minutes

28 minutes

DATA LATENCY – Delivery of Data to Users

Improvements Over Heritage

NPOESS

Heritage

Data Rate Data 1 Volume

Encryption Spectral Capability

Vertical Resolution

20 Mbps

1.5 Mbps

5.4 TB/Day

6.3 GB/Day

Selective

Total

22 bands

5 bands

1300 bands

40 bands

1 Data Volume per Satellite

NPOESS McMurdo Activity

“Off-Ice” Communications Infrastructure Leverages OPTUS SATCOM link from Antarctica to Australia Link has been active since December 2007 to support NSF End state is 60 Mbps outbound/20 Mbps inbound service to support NSF, NPOESS Final phase scheduled to complete in 2009-2010 work season

Installation of NPOESS Stored Mission Data (Ka-Band) Receptors Antenna pad #1 completed 2008-2009 work season Antenna pad #2 scheduled to complete in 2009-2010 work season Antenna installations scheduled for 2011-2012 work season

Enhancement of NASA’s McMurdo Ground Station (MGS) MGS is 10-meter antenna system with X/S-band receive/tracking capability NASA upgrading MGS to support MetOp stored mission data (receive-only) Upgrade scheduled for 2010-2011 work season

Implementation of Multi-Mission Communications and additional ground station capability Contract award expected July 2009 Baseline tasks are upgrades to support routing of MetOp data to Darmstadt Scheduled to complete in 2010-2011 work season Includes option to implement a DMSP data recovery and relay capability

Adds S-band receive capability to the NPOESS Stored Mission Data Receptors BTR funding request submitted by USAF in Apr 09 If exercised, capability in place by CY2012

MG1

MG2

SafetyNet 1

SafetyNet 2

JSOC

Overhead view of

McMurdo Station

Ross Island,

Antarctica

Spacecraft designed for Earth observation missions Large nadir platform for maximum

payload accommodation on the EELV launch vehicle

Optical bench stability to ensure all sensors meet pointing requirements

Thermally optimized with large cold-side access for science payloads

Overall Satellite Orbit: 828 km

13:30-C1 ascending node crossing

05:30-C2 ascending node crossing

Capacity to transmit 5.4 Terabytes a day(half the library of Congress)

7-year duration to ensure no operational gaps

Ka-Band downlink to SafetyNetTM enables downlink of all collected data with 4x improvement of data latency (95% of collected data delivered as EDRs in 28 min)

Large on-board recorder capacity and SafetyNetTM architecture provides 99.99% data availability

Leverages NASA’s Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) heritage and experience

C1 1330 Satellite

(note that C2 will have MIS)

C1 1330 Satellite

(note that C2 will have MIS)

OMPS

CrIS

ATMS

VIIRS

Ka-Band to Safety NetTM

TSIS

S-Band Link

SARSAT & A-DCS Tx Antennas

SARSAT & A-DCS Rx Antenna

L-Band LRD Link

X-Band HRD Link

Velocity Direction (+XS/C axis)

CERES

Satellite Architecture

C2 0530 SatelliteC2 0530 Satellite

CrISCrIS ATMSATMS

VIIRSVIIRSVIIRSVIIRS

MIS

TSIS

SARSAT & A-DCS Tx Antennas

Ka-Band to Safety NetTM

Velocity Direction (+XS/C axis)

S-Band Link

L-Band LRD LinkX-Band HRD Link

SARSAT & A-DCS Rx Antenna

CrIS & ATMS no longer manifested on C2

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• Improved Cloud Analyses for AFWA forecast models

• Enhanced Aerosol Cloud Discrimination procedures

• Increased knowledge of CFLOS to support missions

• Higher quality products for military applications

AFWA Cloud Forecast Models

Clouds

Cloud Shadows

Superior Cloud Detection/Discrimination improvesCloud Free Line of Sight (CFLOS) determination

Superior Aerosol detection (dust, smoke, pollution)Aerosols

Aerosols

• 22 spectral bands

• Co-registered multi-spectral imagery

• Cloud & Aerosol Detection bands

• Thin Cirrus & Dual gain bands

• Cloud Top Height, Cloud Top Base, Cloud Cover Layer, & Opt. Properties

VIIRS Sensor

412nm Dual Gain band gives superior contrast over desert and improved detection of smoke, dust, and haze

MODIS VIIRS

• 3D gridded cloud product, near Uniform Cell Size

• CTH, CTB, CCL, COP and EPS Products

• Feeds directly into AFWA high resolution Cloud Forecast Models

NPOESS/VIIRS Supports Superior Cloud Forecasting

Opaque Cirrus

Thin CirrusWater Clouds

CFLOS

4 CloudLayers

OpaqueWater Clouds

OpaqueWater Clouds

Thin Cirrus

CFLOS

VIIRS/NPOESS Provides:

Mixed Phase Clouds

Better CFLOS

Better Detection

Aerosols Detection

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Instrument Performance very promising Instrument Performance very promising – meets/exceeds KPPs & EDRs– meets/exceeds KPPs & EDRs

CrIS Atmosphere Vertical Temperature and Moisture Profile KPP EDRs met with margin due to outstanding sensor performance

spec

Compliant region

Non-compliant region

Simulation results

Pres

sure

(mba

r)

Temperature (K)

CrIS

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

50 150 250 350 450 550

Acc

ura

cy E

rro

r (D

U)

650Total Column Ozone (DU)

spec

Performance better than spec

Ozone Total Column EDR Accuracy meets requirements with margin

OMPS

VIIRS

• All KPPs (bold boxes) Green• All NPP EDRs green except Aerosol Optical Thickness and Ocean Color (based on flight sensor ambient testing)• All NPOESS EDRs green except Ocean Color (yellow; expected to go green following testing of integrated filter)

SEA

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Black & WhiteBANDS

OLS: 1 Vis; 1 IR

AVHRR: 1 Vis; 5 IR

Current Operational

Weather

Advanced ImageryImproves Interpretation

SmokePlume

TankerOn fire

Tough Problems

Solved

False ColorVIIRS 22 bands willprovide improved discrimination of scene features

LOWCLOUDSAt Night

Terrain

SNOWLOW CLOUD

HIGH CLOUD

Multispectral capability greatly enhances scene feature discriminationMultispectral capability greatly enhances scene feature discrimination

Future Operational

Weather

3 Band True ColorDramatic enhancement of image content over single-band pan imagery [e.g. land surface types, water turbidity, and dust – cloud discrimination

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Advanced Soundings Result in Better Forecasts

CurrentFidelity

NPOESSFidelity

Hundreds of Channels

Produces Global

Forecast for national and military users

Where is Dujuan headed?Nat’l Hurricane Center

What Air Refueling route is optimal?

Tanker Airlift Control Center

All forecasts start with a global model

Temperature and moisture

profiles

NPOESS Fidelity

Currently 5–15 Channels

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Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)

DMSP OLS Low Light VIIRS Day Night Band

Swath width ~3,000 km ~3,000 km

Nadir Resolution 2,200 m 742 m

Swath Edge Resolution 5,400 m 1,600 m

Radiometric Resolution6-bit quantized

(256 gray shades)12-bit quantized

(16,384 gray shades)

Calibration Uncalibrated Calibrated across swath

Gain settingsAutomatic gain normalization

(easily saturated)High, mid and low gain

(119,000:477:1 ratio)

Signal to noise ratio Low to mediumHigh

(30 @ nadir, 6 @ swath edge)

Min moonlight illumination > 50% > 25%

“In an overall view, it appears that the VIIRS/FU-1 will perform in a manner equal to or better than the MODIS instrument.” – NASA MODIS Science Team Lead

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DMSP/OLS 8/30/2004 0504 UTCDMSP/OLS 8/30/2004 0504 UTC11.0 11.0 µµm IR Windowm IR Window

GeorgetteGeorgette Eastern Eastern PacificPacific

15 N15 N

20 N20 N

125 W125 W 120 W120 W

Upper-LevelUpper-LevelCirculationCirculation

Lower-LevelLower-LevelCirculation Circulation ~200km SE~200km SE

Monitoring Tropical Cyclones at Night

•High-level circulation seen in Infrared

•Lower level cloud fields revealed via DMSP night time visible sensitivity

•High vertical shear displacements between upper and lower level centers can be 200 km in some cases

Avoiding the “Sunrise Surprise”Courtesy of NRL

NPOESS VIIRS Day Night Band will provide better spatial resolution with less noise

NPOESS VIIRS Day Night Band will provide better spatial resolution with less noise

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Synopsis

Real hardware and software being delivered Command, Control and Communications System complete

& installed at NOAA Satellite Operations facility (NSOF); transitioned to Operations and Support

Integrated Data Processing System is in transition to Operations and Support at NSOF and will be complete by June 2009

NPOESS Sensor EDU integration and test with NASA NPP spacecraft completed

Sensor Flight Hardware completing rigorous testing Operational Space Segment development

on track for implementing Nation’s next generation environmental monitoring system

On plan to provide critical national weather and climate monitoring system for assured data continuity

On plan to provide critical national weather and climate monitoring system for assured data continuity

BACKUP

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OLS OLS • AVHRR

• SeaWiFS• MODIS

VIIRS Incorporates Key Features From and Improves Upon Previous Operational and R&D Sensors

R&D Sensors

Ocean ColorBands

RotatingTelescope

Band Selection/Continuity

Thin Cirrus Band

Solar Diffuser

Earthshine Lessons Learned

Operational Sensors

High Spatial Resolution

Day/Night Band

Minimize Resolution Growth Over Scan• VIIRS

275 kg

22 bands

OMM EM

Radiometric Accuracy

SST Band Continuity

74 kg

2 bands

33 kg

5 bands

45 kg

8 bands

220 kg

36 bands