1 Net Framework Overview

8/10/2019 1 Net Framework Overview

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.NET Framework Overview.NET Framework, CLR, MSIL, Assemblies, CTS, etc.

Doncho Minkov

http://academy.telerik.com/

Technical Trainerhttp://www.minkov.it

Telerik Software Academy
http://academy.telerik.com/http://minkov.it/http://academy.telerik.com/school-academy/meetings/details/2012/01/06/desktop-applications-csharp-databaseshttp://minkov.it/http://academy.telerik.com/http://academy.telerik.com/http://academy.telerik.com/school-academy/meetings/details/2012/01/06/desktop-applications-csharp-databases


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Table of Contents

1. What is .NET?

Microsoft .NET platform architecture

2. What is .NET Framework?

.NET Framework Architecture

3. Common Language Runtime (CLR)

4. Managed Code

5. Intermediate Language MSIL

6. Assemblies and Metadata

7. .NET Applications 2


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Table of Contents (2)

8. Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) and

integration of different languages

Common Language Specification (CLS)

Common Type System (CTS)

9. Framework Class Library

10. Integrated Development Environment Visual

Studio

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.NET FrameworkMicrosoft's Platform for

Application Development


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What is the .NET Platform?

The .NET platform

Microsoft's platform for software development

Unified technology for development of almostany kind of applications

GUI / Web / RIA / mobile / server / cloud / etc.

.NET platform versions

.NET Framework

Silverlight / Windows Phone 7

.NET Compact Framework

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What is .NET Framework?

.NET Framework

An environment for developing and executing.NET applications

Unified programming model, set of languages,

class libraries, infrastructure, components andtools for application development

Environment for controlled execution of

managed code

It is commonly assumed that

.NET platform == .NET Framework6


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.NET Framework Components

Common Language Runtime(CLR)

Environment for controlled execution ofprogrammed code like a virtual machine

Executes .NET applications

Framework Class Library(FCL)

Standard class library for .NET development

Delivers basic functionality for developing: XML,ADO.NET, LINQ, ASP.NET, WPF, WCF, WWF,Silverlight, Web services, Windows Forms, ...

SDK, compilers and tools 7


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.NET Framework Architecture

The OS manages the resources, theprocesses and the users of the machine

Provides to the applications some

services (threads, I/O, GDI+, DirectX,COM, COM+, MSMQ, IIS, WMI, )

CLR is a separate process in the OS

Operating System (OS)

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Common Language Runtime (CLR)

CLR manages the execution ofthe.NET code

Manages the memory,

concurrency, security, ...

.NET Framework Architecture (2)

CLR

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Base Class Library (BCL)


Rich object-oriented library withfundamental classes

Input-output, collections, text

processing, networking, security,multi-threading,

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ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)


Database access

ADO.NET, LINQ, LINQ-to-SQL andEntity Framework

Strong XML support

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WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)

Windows CommunicationFoundation (WCF) and WindowsWorkflow Foundation (WWF) forthe SOA world

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ASP.NETWeb Forms, MVC, AJAX

Mobile Internet Toolkit

Windows

Forms

WPF Silverlight

User interface technologies: Web based,Windows GUI, WPF, Silverlight, mobile,

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ASP.NETWeb Forms, MVC, AJAX

Mobile Internet Toolkit

Windows

Forms

WPF Silverlight

C# C++ VB.NET J# F# JScript Perl Delphi

Programming language on your flavor!

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.NET Framework 4.0

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The Future

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Common Language

Runtime (CLR)The Heart of .NET Framework


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Managed execution environment

Controls the execution of managed .NETprogramming code

Something like virtual machine

Like the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Not an interpreter

Compilation on-demand is used Known as Just In Time (JIT) compilation

Possible compilation in advance (Ngen)

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Responsibilities of CLR

Execution of the IL code and the JIT

compilation

Managing memory and application resources

Ensuring type safety

Interaction with the OS

Managing security Code access security

Role-based security

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Responsibilities of CLR (2)

Managing exceptions Managing concurrency controlling the

parallel execution of application threads

Managing application domains and theirisolation

Interaction with unmanaged code

Supporting debug /

profile of .NET code

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CLR Architecture

Class Loader

IL to NativeJIT Compiler

CodeManager

GarbageCollector

Security Engine Debug Engine

Type Checker Exception Manager

Thread Support COM Marshaler

Base Class Library Support

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Managed andUnmanaged Code

What is the Difference?


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Managed Code

CLR executed code is called managed code

Represents programming code in the low levellanguage MSIL(MS Intermediate Language)

Contains metadata

Description of classes, interfaces, properties,fields, methods, parameters, etc.

Programs, written in any .NET language are Compiled to managed code (MSIL)

Packaged as assemblies (.exeor .dllfiles)

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Managed Code (2)

Object-oriented Secure

Reliable

Protected from irregular use of types (type-safe)

Allows integration between components anddata types of different programming

languages

Portable between different platforms

Windows, Linux, Max OS X, etc.24


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Unmanaged (Win32) Code

No protection of memory and type-safety

Reliability problems

Safety problems

Doesnt contain metadata Needs additional overhead like (e.g. use COM)

Compiled to machine-dependent code

Need of different versions for differentplatforms

Hard to be ported to other platforms

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Memory Management

CLR manages memory automatically

Dynamically loaded objects are stored in themanaged heap

Unusable objects are automatically cleaned up

by the garbage collector

Some of the big problems are solved

Memory leaks

Access to freed or unallocated memory

Objects are accessed through a reference

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IntermediateLanguage (MSIL)

I t di t L


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Intermediate Language(MSIL, IL, CIL)

Low level language (machine language) for the.NET CLR

Has independent set of CPU instructions

Loading and storing data, calling methods

Arithmetic and logical operations

Exception handling

Etc.

MSIL is converted to instructions for the

current physical CPU by the JIT compiler 28


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Sample MSIL Program

.method private hidebysig static void Main() cil managed

{

.entrypoint

// Code size 11 (0xb)

.maxstack 8

ldstr "Hello, world!"

call void

[mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)

ret} // end of method HelloWorld::Main

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Compilation and Execution

Compilation

Execution

JITcompiler

Machinecode

MSILCode

Metadata

Sourcecode

Languagecompiler

Assembly

(.EXE or

.DLL file)

When given

method is called

for the first time

Pre-compilationduring the install

(NGEN)

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.NET ApplicationsAssemblies, Metadata and Applications


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.NET Assemblies

.NET assemblies:

Self-containing .NET components

Stored in .DLL and .EXE files

Contain list of classes, types and resources

Smallest deployment unit in CLR

Have unique version number

.NET deployment model No version conflicts (forget the "DLL hell")

Supports side-by-side execution of different

versions of the same assembly 32


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Metadata in the Assemblies

Metadata in the .NET assemblies

Data about data contained in the assembly

Integral part of the assembly

Generated by the .NET languages compiler

Describes all classes, their class members,versions, resources, etc.

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d i bli


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Metadata in Assemblies

Type Description

Assembly Description

Classes, interfaces, inner types, baseclasses, implemented interfaces,member fields, properties, methods,method parameters, return value,attributes, etc.

Dependencies on other assembliesSecurity permissionsExported types

[digital

signature]

Name

Version

Localization

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li i


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.NET Applications

Configurable executable .NET units

Consist of one or more assemblies

Installed by "copy / paste"

No complex registration of components Different applications use different versions of

common assemblies

No conflicts due to their "strong name" Easy installation, un-installation and update

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C S (C S)


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Common Type System (CTS)

CTS defines the CLR supported types of dataand the operations over them

Ensures data level compatibility between

different .NET languages E.g. stringin C# is the same like Stringin

VB.NET and in J#

Value types and reference types All types derive from System.Object

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The .NET LanguagesC#, VB.NET, C++, J#, etc.

NET L


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.NET Languages

.NET languages by Microsoft

C#, VB.NET, Managed C++, J#, F#, JScript

.NET languages by third parties

Object Pascal, Perl, Python, COBOL, Haskell,Oberon, Scheme, Smalltalk

Different languages can be mixed in a single

application Cross-language inheritance of types and

exception handling

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C# L


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C# Language

C# is mixture between C++, Java and Delphi

Fully object-oriented by design

Component-oriented programming model

Components, properties and events

No header files like C/C++

Suitable for GUI and Web applications

XML based documentation

In C# all data types are objects

Example: 5.ToString()is a valid call39

C# L E l


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C# Language Example

C# is standardized by ECMA and ISO Example of C# program:

using System;

class NumbersFrom1to100

{

static void Main()

{

for (int i=1; i


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Framework Class

Library (FCL)Standard Out-of-the-box .NET APIs

F k Cl Lib (FCL)


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Framework Class Library (FCL)

Framework Class Library is the standard.NET Framework library of out-of-the-boxreusable classes and components (APIs)




ASP.NETWeb Forms, MVC, AJAXMobile Internet Toolkit

WindowsForms

WPF Silverlight

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FCL N


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FCL Namespaces



ASP.NETWeb Forms, MVC, AJAXMobile Internet Toolkit

WindowsForms

WPF & Silverlight

System.Web

System.Web.Mvc

System.Windows

.Forms

System.Drawing

System.Windows

System.Windows.Media

System.Windows.Markup

System.ServiceModel System.Activities System.Workflow

System.Data System.Linq

System.Data.Linq

System.Xml

System.Xml.Linq System.Data.Entity

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Visual Studio IDEPowerful Development Environment for .NET

Vi l St di


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Visual Studio

Visual Studio is powerful Integrated

Development Environment (IDE) for .NETDevelopers

Create, edit, compile and run .NET applications

Different languages C#, C++, VB.NET, J#,

Flexible code editor

Powerful debugger

Integrated with SQL Server and IIS

Strong support of Web services, WCF and WWF

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Vi l St di ( )


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Visual Studio (2)

Visual programming

Component-oriented, event based

Managed and unmanaged code

Helpful wizards and editors Windows Forms Designer

WCF / Silverlight Designer

ASP.NET Web Forms Designer

ADO.NET / LINQ-to-SQL / XML Data Designer

Many third party extensions46


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Documents

1 Net Framework Overview