Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1. Name at least two human rights violations that are being denied to slaves
2. Give two reasons why slaveholders would beat their slaves
1. What was McDuffie’s economic argument for slavery?
2. What was McDuffie’s racial argument for slavery?
Nat Turner Rebellion
Nat Turner Rebellion
Name: ___________________ Period: _____
H I S TO R I C A L I D ’s
To p i c : Abolitionists
Historical Context: W r i t e a w e l l - o r g a n i z e d s u m m a r y . W e l l F. E . D .
Name: ___________________ Period: _____
H I S TO R I C A L I D ’s
To p i c :
Historical Context: W r i t e a w e l l - o r g a n i z e d s u m m a r y . W e l l F. E . D .
Underground Railroad
Who were the Abolitionists?
Started in New England
Many had grown wealthy in the slave trade before the
importation of slaves was outlawed
Many had grown wealthy as a result of the labors of the slaves
Many were free African-Americans looking for support for their
cause
Area became the hotbed of abolitionist sentiment.
The Abolitionists
Their Cause
To rid the country of slavery
Argued against slavery as a social and moral evil
Used examples of African American writings and other
achievements to demonstrate that Africans and their descendents
were as capable of learning as were Europeans and their
descendents in America
The Abolitionists
How?
Abolitionist newspapers, pamphlets
developed, and other forms of
propaganda
The Effects?
By 1820 that South Carolina instituted
penalties for anyone bringing written
anti-slavery material into the state.
The Abolitionists?
The Problem
To prove their case that one person owning another one was
morally wrong, they first had to convince many, in all sections of
the country, that Negroes were human.
Problem - many people among the abolitionists did not believe
the two races were equal.
Key Participants
Harriet Tubman
Frederick Douglas
Harriet Beecher Stowe
The Underground Railroad
A network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the
North and to Canada
Was not run by any single organization or person.
Consisted of many individuals -- many whites but
predominantly black
Estimated that the South lost 100,000 slaves between 1810
and 1850.
An organized system to assist runaway slaves seems to have
begun towards the end of the 18th century.
The Underground Railroad
Used railroading terms: the homes and businesses where
fugitives would rest and eat were called "stations" and "depots"
and were run by "stationmasters," those who contributed money
or goods were "stockholders," and the "conductor" was
responsible for moving fugitives from one station to the next.
The "Conductor," person posing as a slave, would enter a
plantation and then guide the runaways northward.
The fugitives would move at night.
The fugitives would also travel by train and boat
The Underground Railroad
Sprang up in the larger towns and cities of the North, most
prominently in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. In addition to
soliciting money, the organizations provided food, lodging and
money, and helped the fugitives settle into a community by
helping them find jobs and providing letters of recommendation.
Key People
John Fairfield in Ohio, the son of a slaveholding family, who
made many daring rescues
Levi Coffin, a Quaker who assisted more than 3,000 slaves
Harriet Tubman, who made 19 trips into the South and escorted
over 300 slaves to freedom
The Compromise
Of
1850
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War The Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850 is considered a turning point
Shifted the public emphasis from expansion to preserving the Union
May be considered the first in a chain of events of the 1850’s that led up to
the Civil War
Five-part Plan
CA Admitted as a free state
New Mexico-Texas border dispute settled
Slave Trade, but not slavery itself, would be abolished in D.C.
Popular Sovereignty Introduced
Stronger Fugitive Slave Law
III Parts
Part 1
Hello Cali
California enters as a free state
Compromise….????....!!!!
Democratizing Democracy
Popular Sovereignty Introduced
The New Mexico and Utah territories were to
decide the question of slavery or free by relying on
“popular sovereignty,” allowing the actual settlers to
vote on the issue
Part 2
Sovereign: Self-government; independent
Popular sovereignty was the political doctrine
that the people who lived in a region should
determine for themselves the nature of their
government.
So what was Popular Sovereignty
South: What’s in it for me? Part 3
Fugitive Slave Act
In recognition of Southern support for California's admission to the
Union as a free state and ending the slave trade in the District of
Columbia, Congress enacted the Fugitive Slave Act to assist the South
with maintaining a tight rein on slaveholders’ property.
Fugitive Slave Act
The new law created a force of federal commissioners empowered
to pursue fugitive slaves in any state and return them to their
owners.
No statute of limitations applied, so that even those slaves who
had been free for many years could be (and were) returned.
Fugitive Slave Act
The commissioners enjoyed broad powers, including the right to
compel citizens to assist in the pursuit and apprehension of
runaways; fines and imprisonment awaited those who refused to
cooperate.
United States marshals were required to be diligent in the
enforcement of the act and could be fined for being lax.
Fugitive Slave Act
A captured runaway could not testify on his own behalf and was
not entitled to a court trial.
The commissioners received a fee of 10 dollars for every slave
returned; the fee was reduced to five dollars if the accused slave
were released.
Fugitive Slave Act
Com prom i se o f 1850
Nat Turner Rebellion
Nat Turner Rebellion
Tariff
Nullification
States-Rights
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War The Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850 is considered a turning point
Shifted the public emphasis from expansion to preserving the Union
May be considered the first in a chain of events of the 1850’s that led
up to the Civil War
Fugitive Slave law was bitterly opposed by many throughout the
North
South remains bitter over the loss of CA as slave state because there
was no place for another slave state
Monday, June 9th
Do Now: Update your K-W-L
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
North vs. South – Differences
Abolitionist Movement
Underground RR
What I Know
About the Civil War
What I Learned
About the Civil War What I Want to Learn
About the Civil War
K-W-L The Civil War
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
What does the above summary mean?
Tuesday, June 10th
•Kansas and Nebraska Act
•Notes
•What’s the Gist
•“Bleeding Kansas”
•Exit Pass
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT OF 1854 may have been the most
significant event leading to the Civil War.
Why so significant?
Westward Expansion – Settlers from the North and South moved into the
area of Nebraska.
BUT….Until the area was organized as a territory, settlers would not
move there because they could not legally hold a claim on the land.
The South was thinking -
No hurry to permit a Nebraska territory because the land lay north of the
36°30' parallel
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
…And then everything changed
Key Player -
SENATOR STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS (Democrat), Illinois
To see Nebraska made into a territory and, to win southern support
Proposed a southern state that included slavery - It was Kansas.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed each territory to decide the issue of slavery on
the basis of popular sovereignty.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Effect –
The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854 undid the Missouri Compromise
and the Compromise of 1850 – Bill becomes law May 30, 1854
The tension between pro-slavery and free soil factions over
slavery in new territories increased
Birth of the Republican Party
“Bleeding Kansas”
John Steuart Curry
Beecher’s Bibles
The reaction
North Abolitionists send approx. 1,200 armed to fight for freedom.
The abolitionist minister Henry Ward Beecher furnished settlers with Sharps
rifles, which came to be known as "Beecher's Bibles."
Rumors Spread through the South that 20,000 Northerners were descending on
Kansas
“Bleeding Kansas”
South Reacts
Thousands of armed Southerners, mostly from Missouri flood Kansas to
vote for a proslavery congressional delegate.
Only half the ballots were cast by registered voters - The proslavery forces
win the election.
The new state legislature enacts the Missouri Slave Code
These laws had severe penalties against anyone who spoke or wrote against
slaveholding; those who assisted fugitives would be put to death or sentenced
to ten years hard labor.
“Bleeding Kansas”
“Bleeding Kansas”
Tensions increase
Proslavery vs. Free State men.
Tarred and feathered, kidnapped, killed
Escalation
May 21, 1856, a group of proslavery vs. John Brown
Killed five proslavery men(hacked them to death)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Tensions increase
Violence in Congress
Abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner vs. Congressman Preston Brooks
Attacked Sumner at his Senate desk and beat him senseless with a cane.
In all, approximately 55 people died in "Bleeding Kansas."
Exit/Admit Pass
If you had to summarize the events of the period that is
commonly referred to as “Bleeding Kansas” - how would
you summarize this event and its significance?
“Bleeding Kansas”
North Reacts Again
Two Governments???
President Pierce recognizes the proslavery legislature.
David Atchinson, Missouri Senator
"negro thieves" and "abolitionist tyrants."
Defend their institution "with the bayonet and with blood" and, if necessary,
"to kill every God-damned abolitionist in the district."
Wednesday, June 11th
Dred Scott
1857, Supreme Court Case - Dred Scott v. Sanford
Who was Dred Scott?
Slave who sued for his freedom
Who else was involved?
Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of Supreme Court
Dred Scott
What happened?
7-2 decision ruled against Scott
Why did the USSC rule against Scott?
Taney argued that blacks “are not included, and were not intended
to be included, under the word ‘citizens’ in the Constitution.”
According to Taney, neither the Declaration of Independence nor the
Constitution had been intended to apply to blacks. “So far inferior
that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect”
Dred Scott
What else did the court say?
The court also declared the 1820 Missouri Compromise
unconstitutional - permitting slavery in all of the country's
territories.
The Supreme Court said what?!?
Congress had exceeded its authority when if forbade slavery…for
slaves were private property protected by the Constitution.
Dred Scott
Prediction Time
How would the North React?
Abolitionists were incensed
Dred Scott Prediction Time How would the Frederick Douglas React?
“…my hopes were never brighter than now."
Why would Douglas suggest such an idea?
For Douglass, the decision would bring slavery to the
attention of the nation and was a step toward slavery's ultimate
destruction.
Dred Scott
Dred Scott
TTYN – The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution -----
- Did Taney ignore the basic ideas of each? Specifically, “all men are
created equal.”
He believed that blacks "had no rights which the white man was
bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be
reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold and
treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic,
whenever profit could be made by it."
Tariff
Nullification
States-Rights
The slavery issue
Act of cancelling
something
Name: ___________________ Period: _____
H i s t o r i c a l I D
To p i c :
H i s t o r i c a l C o n t e x t
Dred Scott
Thursday, June 12th
Tariff
Nullification
States-Rights
•The slavery issue
•Tariff Issues
•Act of cancelling
something
Election of 1860
The Election
of 1860
The straw that broke
the camel’s back
The election of Abraham Lincoln, leader of the Republican Party
brought the quarrel to a head in late 1860. The states of the Deep
South immediately seceded.
The Election of 1860
The Election of 1860
The Presidential Election of 1860 brought the sectional
differences to a head with dramatic consequences.
Lincoln’s election pushed the Deep South toward secession
Why??
Lincoln was unpopular in the South
Perceived hostility towards slavery
The South Secedes
Secession
South Carolina responded to Lincoln’s
election - secedes from Union
on December 20, 1860.
Why Secession?
Southern Economic Interests
Long-range threat to the entire economic and social structure
of the South
High Tariffs
Sectional balance in the Senate…Remember California???
The Confederacy
The Confederacy
February, 1861 – The Confederate States of America is created
The Confederate States of America (also known as the
Confederacy)
Jefferson Davis of Mississippi named as president
Feb. 1861 -Texas, Louisiana, Miss., Alabama, FL, Georgia, and S.C.
April, 1861 – VA, N.C., TN., and Arkansas join
The Civil War - the bloodiest conflict in American history. The war pitted brother
against brother, family against family, and state against state. In less than a
century after the 13 original colonies celebrated their independence, the Civil War
divided the country along deep economic and ideological fault lines.
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
Economic and Social Differences between the North and the South
State versus federal rights
The Abolition Movement
The Election of 1860
Causes of the Civil War
What I Know
About the Civil War
What I Learned
About the Civil War What I Want to Learn
About the Civil War
K-W-L The Civil War - TTYN