1

Ministry of Transport, Public Works

and Water Management

2

New Developments in Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Civil Infrastructure

Leo Klatter

August 20th 2003

3

Presentation Outline

• National Water and Road Network

• Life-Cycle Based Asset Management

• Case Study Main Road Network

• Conclusions

4

National Water Systems the

Netherlands• 724 km canals

• 828 km navigable rivers

• 63.360 km2 water area• Object categories

– Canal, river beds– Dikes, embankments– Structures – Water– Facilities

5

Structures in NL Water Systems

Structure type NumberAsset size paramater

Replacement value [M€]

Bridges (fixed) 156 16.628 m1 932

Bridges (moveable) 66 2.754 m1 350

Pumping stations 26 501 m3/s 241

Storm surge barriers 4 3.780 m1 4.151

Sluices 15 17.980 m3/s 1.438

Shipping locks 143 4.170.417 m3 5.700

Weirs 20 1.162 m3 532Total 430 13.344

6

Age Distribution Structures

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Nu

mb

er o

f st

ruct

ure

s

< 19

00

1901

-190

5

1906

-191

0

1911

-191

5

1916

-192

0

1921

-192

5

1926

-193

0

1931

-193

5

1936

-194

0

1941

-194

5

1946

-195

0

1951

-195

5

1956

-196

0

1961

-196

5

1966

-197

0

1971

-197

5

1975

-198

0

1981

-198

5

1986

-199

0

1991

-199

5

1996

-200

0

2001

-200

5

Year of construction

Bridges (fixed) Bridges (moveable) Pumping stations Storm surge barriersSluices Shipping locks Weirs

7

Main Road Network the

Netherlands• 3200 km road, of which 2300 km

motorway

• Object categories

– pavements

– structures

– traffic facilities

– environmental assets

8

Structures in NL Road NetworkType of structure Number Deck area Replacement

value

[m2] [M Euro]

Concrete bridge 3.131 3.319.002 6.559 Steel bridge (fixed) 88 301.997 600 Moveable bridge 43 347.876 1.101 Tunnel 14 475.228 1.710 Aqueduct 7 86.491 235 Total 3.283 4.530.593 10.205

Replacement Value – Year of

Construction

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2,0

billion

Eu

ro

< 1

930

30-3

5

36-4

0

41-4

5

46-5

0

51-5

5

56-6

0

61-6

5

66-7

0

71-7

5

76-8

0

81-8

5

86-9

0

91-9

5

96-2

000

year of construction

Concrete bridges Steel bridges Movable bridges Tunnel Aqueduct

10

Management Challenges

• Ageing structures

– Maintenance cost increase

– Rehabilitation and improvement necessary

– Replacement comes in sight

• User demands increase

• Limited resources

• Accountability and efficiency

11

Life-Cycle Based Asset Management USA Federal Highways Administration (FHWA)

• Customer satisfaction and return on

investment

• Comprehensive; all asset classes of network

• Record value long-lived infrastructure

Asset management;

Life-Cycle Costing in broader context

12

Asset Management

System Performance:Engineering – Cost-Efficient and EffectiveEconomics – Optimal Resource AllocationBusiness Practices -Process Improvement

Business Practices

EngineeringEconomics

13

EngineeringDesign

• Safety, reliability; design life time

• Load < > strength

Construction quality

• Materials

Preservation

• Maintenance strategy

• Condition

14

Economics

Life-cycle cost analysis• Maintenance• Replacement• User cost

Optimisation

Return on investments

Financial strategies

15

Business Practices

Determines costs and performance to high

extend!

• Strategic planning

• Operational planning

– Inspections

– Prioritization

• Data systems

=> Reliable models are essential tools

16

Case Main Road Network

• Maintenance cost

• Strategic plan

• Operational programs

• Replacement

17

Bridge Elements

Joint

Bridge deck / PavementMain

carrying element

bearing

Guard rail

Railing

Abutment Pier

Guard rail

18

Data for a Typical Bridge (< 200 m)Bridge data Width

Length

Deck area

Replacement value

Lifetime

16 m

54 m

864 m2

1.7 * 106 €

68 years

Replacement cost elements

(exchangeable elements)

Pavement

Joints

Bearings

Guard rail

Railing

39,000 €

44,000 €

145,000 €

14,000 €

6,000 €

Total 248,000 €

19

Maintenance Strategy of Elements• Functional demands

• Deterioration process

• Measures

– Type / extend

– Intervals

– Cost

• Inspections

Maintenance Costs of a

Typical Bridgemaintenance cost of a concrete highway bridge

0

50

100

150

200

250

1-5 6-1011-15

16-2021-25

26-3031-35

36-4041-45

46-5051-55

56-6061-65

66-70

Age (year)

Co

st

(K€

)

routine maintenance inspections concreterailing guard rail pavementjoints bearings

Annual cost 14 €/m2

21

Annual Maintenance Cost (Network)

annual

Type of structure Number maintenance

cost

[M Euro]

Concrete bridge 3.131 37 Steel bridge (fixed) 88 7 Moveable bridge 43 10 Tunnel 14 13 Aqueduct 7 1 Total 3.283 68

22

Breakdown of Road Management

Costs (variable)

pavements45%

structures31%

traff ic facilities8%

environmental assets

4%

traff ic management

systems11%

exploitation1%

23

Strategic Document Needed

Transparent budget estimate forms start of

discussion

24

Strategic Document

10-page management summary

Content:

– Structure stock and its functionality

– Maintenance strategy

– Basic maintenance level

– Options

– Program and budget

25

Basic Maintenance Level

Tra

ffic

safe

ty

En

vir

on

men

tal

qu

alit

y

Use

r co

mfo

rt

Ap

peara

nce

Mob

ility

Qualit

y

level minimu

m

26

Operational practice

• Life-cycle cost based on maintenance

strategy for element types

• Standard plan customised to individual

bridge

• Update with inspection results

Operational maintenance

program

27

Operational maintenance program

Maintenanceexecution

Adjusting the maintenance plan

Inspection

Clustering and optimization

Decomposition / maintenance plan

End of service life

Road management

Operational program

Bridgemanagement

Actual budgetneed

Strategic budget need

Position strategic document

Maintenanceexecution

Adjusting the maintenance plan

Inspection

Clustering and optimization

Decomposition / maintenance plan

End of service life

29

Annual Maintenance Budget (variable)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

strategicdocument

needed 2003/4 available budget

Mai

nte

nan

ce c

ost

[M

Eu

ro]

total

Other cat.

structures

30

“To replace or not to …..”

Replace, rehabilitate or maintain

Decision based on

• Safety

• Functionality

• Economics

• Available budgets

Forecasted Replacement CostVerwachte vervangingskosten -

Scenario ontwerplevensduur en functionele levensduur

0

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

1.400

Tijd

Ve

rvan

gin

gsk

os

ten

(in

mil

joe

ne

n e

uro

's)

verwachting basis

verwachting praktijk

Design

Practice

Repla

cem

ent

cost

M E

uro

Year

32

Research items• Integration of reliability and condition

analysis using life-cycle cost approach=> Beyond “living apart together”

• Dealing with uncertainty in inspections=> Modelling inspection strategy

• Use of inspections for prediction=> Matching strategy and reality

• Modelling total life-cycle cost of structure stock=> Merging maintenance and replacement

ColophonMinistry of Transport, Public Works and

Water Management

Civil Engineering Division