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1 Life Analytical Chemistry-Molecular Imaging (MI): Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Gaolin Liang , Ph. D. Professor, Ph. D. Advisor Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Email: gliang@ustc.edu.cngliang@ustc.edu.cn http://lianglab.ustc.edu.cn Slide 2 2 Magnetic resonance imaging is a relatively new technology. The first MR image was published in 1973 [2][3] and the first cross-sectional image of a living mouse was published in January 1974. [4] The first studies performed on humans were published in 1977. [5][6] By comparison, the first human X-ray image was taken in 1895. [2][3] [4] [5][6]X-ray 2. Lauterbur PC (1973). "Image Formation by Induced Local Interactions: Examples of Employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance". Nature 242: 190191. doi:10.1038/242190a0. Naturedoi10.1038/242190a0 3. Filler AG (2010). "The history, development, and impact of computed imaging in neurological diagnosis and neurosurgery: CT, MRI, DTI". Internet Journal of Neurosurgery 7 (1). Internet Journal of Neurosurgery 4. Lauterbur PC (1974). "Magnetic resonance zeugmatography". Pure and Applied Chemistry 40: 149157. doi:10.1351/pac197440010149. Pure and Applied Chemistrydoi10.1351/pac197440010149 5. Damadian R, Goldsmith M, Minkoff L (1977). "NMR in cancer: XVI. Fonar image of the live human body". Physiological Chemistry and Physics 9: 97100.Physiological Chemistry and Physics 6.Hinshaw DS, Bottomley PA, Holland GN (1977). "Radiographic thin-section image of the human wrist by nuclear magnetic resonance". Nature 270: 722723. doi:10.1038/270722a0.Naturedoi10.1038/270722a0 History of MRI Slide 3 3 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine-MRI Paul Christian Lauterbur (May 6, 1929 March 27, 2007) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Chemist.University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Sir Peter Mansfield (born 9 October 1933), University of NottinghamUniversity of Nottingham. Physicist. * Nobel Prize in 1952 in Physics, NMR Anthony J. Leggett Physics,absent Alexei A. Abrikosov, Physics,superconduct Peter Agre, Chemistry, water channels Roderick MacKinnon, Chem,Ion channels Robert F. Engle III, Economic Clive W.J. Granger, economic Slide 4 4 Basic Principles of MRI Slide 5 5 Basic Principles of MRI: Proton Slide 6 6 Slide 7 7 Slide 8 8 Others: 64-Gd; 26-Fe; 13-C; 19-F; 31-P; 23-Na Slide 9 9 Basic Principles of MRI FID Slide 10 10 T2 (S=S 0 exp(-t/T2) Slide 11 11 T1 (S=S 0 (1-exp(-t/T1))) 1/T1=R1*C+1/T1 0 Slide 12 12 Introduction- Principle of MR T1 contrast agent Slide 13 13 Slide 14 14 SPIO Resovist magnevist dotarem Slide 15 15 Gaolin Liang 15 NPs for MRI: Inorganic crystals (SPIO) Cunningham, C. H.; Arai, T.; Yang, P. C.; McConnell, M. V.; Pauly, J. M.; Conolly, S. M. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2005, 53, 999-1005. Slide 16 16 NPs for MRI: Nanaoparticle-assembled capsules (NACs) Plush, S. E.; Woods, M.; Zhou, Y. F.; Kadali, S. B.; Wong, M. S.; Sherry, A. D. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2009, 131, 15918-15923. Slide 17 17 NPs for MRI: Metal-organic-framework (MOF) Rowe, M. D.; Chang, C. C.; Thamm, D. H.; Kraft, S. L.; Harmon, J. F.; Vogt, A. P.; Sumerlin, B. S.; Boyes, S. G. Langmuir 2009, 25, 9487-9499. Slide 18 18 01/22/10 NPs for MRI: Gadolinium liposomes Ghaghada, K. B.; Ravoori, M.; Sabapathy, D.; Bankson, J.; Kundra, V.; Annapragada, A. PLoS One 2009, 4, Article No.: e7628. Slide 19 19 01/22/10 NPs for MRI: Emulsion nanoparticles Flacke, S.; Fischer, S.; Scott, M. J.; Fuhrhop, R. J.; Allen, J. S.; McLean, M.; Winter, P.; Sicard, G. A.; Gaffney, P. J.; Wickline, S. A.; Lanza, G. M. Circulation 2001, 104, 1280-1285. Slide 20 20 01/22/10 What we have done Liang, G. L.; Ren, H. J.; Rao, J. H. Nature Chemistry 2010, 2, 54-60. Slide 21 21 Our design and results Liang, G. L.; et al; Rao, J. H.* Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50: 6283-6286. Slide 22 22 Our design and results Slide 23 23 Our design and results Slide 24 24